TED2014
David Brooks: Should you live for your résumé ... or your eulogy?
戴維德．布魯克斯: 你應該為哪個奮鬥——你的簡歷還是你的頌詞？
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我們每個人都有兩個自己，戴維德．布魯克斯在這個簡短的演講中為我們介紹：一個是為了成功，為了寫簡歷；另外一個自己則尋求溝通、社群、愛 － 那些會在悼詞中出現的價值。 （約瑟夫．索羅維奇克把這兩個自我分別命名為“亞當第一”跟“亞當第二。”）布魯克斯追問的是：我們能自己平衡這兩個自我嗎？
David Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bio
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
我之前一直在思考
00:12
So I've been thinking about the difference between
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00:14
the résumé virtues and
the eulogy virtues.
the eulogy virtues.
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寫在簡歷的美德跟寫在悼詞中的美德的區別
00:17
The résumé virtues are the
ones you put on your résumé,
ones you put on your résumé,
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顯而易見，放在簡歷中的優點
00:20
which are the skills
you bring to the marketplace.
you bring to the marketplace.
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是你向公眾展示你的技能
00:23
The eulogy virtues are the ones
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然而，悼詞中出現的德行
00:25
that get mentioned in the eulogy,
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那些人們在喪禮中提到的特質
00:27
which are deeper: who are you,
in your depth,
in your depth,
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你更深層的本質，
00:30
what is the nature of your relationships,
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人際關係的模式，
00:31
are you bold, loving, dependable, consistency?
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你是否勇敢、有愛心、值得信賴、持之以恆？
00:35
And most of us, including
me, would say
me, would say
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大部分人中，包括我在內，會覺得
00:36
that the eulogy virtues are the
more important of the virtues.
more important of the virtues.
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悼詞中的美德比其他形式的美德更重要。
00:40
But at least in my case,
are they the ones that
are they the ones that
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但是依我看來，它們是我最常想到的嗎？
00:42
I think about the most?
And the answer is no.
And the answer is no.
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其實不是
00:45
So I've been thinking about that problem,
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所以我一直在思考這個問題，
00:47
and a thinker who has
helped me think about it
helped me think about it
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而一名思想家幫助了我
00:48
is a guy named Joseph Soloveitchik, who was a rabbi
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他的名字是約瑟夫 .斯洛維奇克，一名猶太神學家
00:50
who wrote a book called "The
Lonely Man Of Faith" in 1965.
Lonely Man Of Faith" in 1965.
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他在1965年寫了一本書，名字叫《孤獨的信仰之人》
00:53
Soloveitchik said there are two sides of our natures,
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斯洛維奇克講述說每個人都有兩個特性
00:56
which he called Adam I
and Adam II.
and Adam II.
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一個是亞當第一，另外一個是亞當第二
00:59
Adam I is the worldly, ambitious,
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亞當第一是追逐名利，有野心的
01:00
external side of our nature.
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代表我們表露的特性
01:03
He wants to build, create,
create companies,
create companies,
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亞當第一想建立事業，
01:05
create innovation.
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開創創新。
01:06
Adam II is the humble
side of our nature.
side of our nature.
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亞當第二代表著人性中謙遜的一面
01:09
Adam II wants not only
to do good but to be good,
to do good but to be good,
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他不僅僅想做好事，而是想做好人，
01:12
to live in a way internally
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這是一種内在的生活方式－－
01:14
that honors God, creation and our possibilities.
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敬重神明，這大千世界跟我們的無限可能。
01:18
Adam I wants to conquer the world.
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亞當第一想要征服這個世界
01:19
Adam II wants to hear
a calling and obey the world.
a calling and obey the world.
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亞當第二想要傾聽並服從內心的召喚。
01:22
Adam I savors accomplishment.
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亞當第一傾心於成就，
01:25
Adam II savors inner
consistency and strength.
consistency and strength.
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亞當第二欣賞內在的堅持與力量。
01:27
Adam I asks how things work.
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亞當第一會關心事情如何運作，
01:30
Adam II asks why we're here.
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亞當第二會問”我們為何在這裡"。
01:32
Adam I's motto is "success."
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亞當第一的座右銘是“成功”
01:35
Adam II's motto is "love, redemption and return."
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亞當第二的座右銘是“愛，救贖與給予”
01:39
And Soloveitchik argued
that these two sides
that these two sides
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斯洛維奇克認為，
01:41
of our nature are
at war with each other.
at war with each other.
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人性的兩面會發生衝突。
01:43
We live in perpetual self-confrontation
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我們生活在永久的自我對峙中：
01:45
between the external success and the internal value.
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外在的成功跟內在的價值是衝突的。
01:49
And the tricky thing,
I'd say, about these
I'd say, about these
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而對我而言最難以捉摸的事情，
01:51
two sides of our nature is they work
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人性的兩面
01:53
by different logics.
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是靠不同的邏輯方式運轉的。
01:55
The external logic is
an economic logic:
an economic logic:
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外在的邏輯是顧全經濟效益的邏輯:
01:57
input leads to output,
risk leads to reward.
risk leads to reward.
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輸入帶來輸出，冒險引導出獎勵。
02:01
The internal side of our nature
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我們的內在一面
02:03
is a moral logic and
often an inverse logic.
often an inverse logic.
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是一種道德的邏輯，常常不合乎常理。
要施捨才能獲得。
02:06
You have to give to receive.
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你必須要放棄外在東西，
02:08
You have to surrender
to something outside yourself
to something outside yourself
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才能讓自己的內在更強大。
02:10
to gain strength within yourself.
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02:12
You have to conquer the
desire to get what you want.
desire to get what you want.
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你要征服自私的欲望。
02:14
In order to fulfill yourself,
you have to forget yourself.
you have to forget yourself.
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為了滿足你自己，你要去忘掉你自己
02:17
In order to find yourself,
you have to lose yourself.
you have to lose yourself.
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為了找到你自己，你要先去迷失你自己
02:21
We happen to live in a society
that favors Adam I,
that favors Adam I,
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我們當今生活在一個對亞當第一有利的社會中，
02:24
and often neglects Adam II.
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並且經常疏忽亞當第二。
02:27
And the problem is, that turns
you into a shrewd animal
you into a shrewd animal
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問題是，這讓人變成了精明的動物，
02:30
who treats life as a game,
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把生活當成了一場遊戲，
02:31
and you become a cold,
calculating creature
calculating creature
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然後人們變成了一種冷酷，會算計的生物，
02:34
who slips into a sort of mediocrity
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不知不覺的就變成了一個平庸的人：
02:37
where you realize there's a difference
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你會發現你渴望的自己
02:38
between your desired
self and your actual self.
self and your actual self.
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和現實中的自己不大相同。
02:41
You're not earning the sort of eulogy you want,
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你不在積攢你想要的悼詞，
你希望其他人會給你的那種。
02:45
you hope someone will give to you.
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02:46
You don't have the
depth of conviction.
depth of conviction.
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你沒有堅定的信念，
02:48
You don't have an emotional sonorousness.
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沒有動人的情感。
02:51
You don't have
commitment to tasks
commitment to tasks
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在那些需要花一輩子去經營的任務中，
02:52
that would take more than a lifetime to commit.
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你並沒有投身於其中。
02:56
I was reminded of a common
response through history
response through history
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這讓我想起歷史中常見的，
建造一個扎實的亞當第二的方法。
02:59
of how you build a solid Adam II,
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你怎麼去發掘亞當第二的深度
03:02
how you build a depth of character.
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03:04
Through history, people
have gone back
have gone back
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回歸歷史
人們回到自己的過去
03:07
into their own pasts,
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回到很珍貴的那段時期，童年
03:09
sometimes to a precious
time in their life,
time in their life,
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03:11
to their childhood,
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03:12
and often, the mind
gravitates in the past
gravitates in the past
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經常
思緒會被牽引至過去的
03:16
to a moment of shame,
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曾經羞愧的那一刻，
03:18
some sin committed,
some act of selfishness,
some act of selfishness,
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回到你犯下錯誤的時候，
你自私自利的時候。
03:21
an act of omission, of shallowness,
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你忽略其他人的時候,淺薄的時候
生氣的時候
03:23
the sin of anger, the sin of self-pity,
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自憐自哀的時候
跟不停的取悅他人,
03:26
trying to be a people-pleaser,
a lack of courage.
a lack of courage.
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迷失自己的勇氣的時刻。
03:29
Adam I is built by
building on your strengths.
building on your strengths.
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亞當第一
是在我們的優勢上建立而成
亞當第二
03:34
Adam II is built by fighting
your weaknesses.
your weaknesses.
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是在我們與我們的弱點戰鬥時建立而成
03:38
You go into yourself,
you find the sin
you find the sin
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你要反省你自己，
找到你根深蒂固的罪惡，
03:41
which you've committed over
and again through your life,
and again through your life,
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03:42
your signature sin
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那個最屬於你的，
03:44
out of which the others emerge,
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帶來其他罪惡的根源。
03:47
and you fight that sin and you wrestle with that sin,
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然後你去與你的罪惡搏鬥
03:50
and out of that wrestling,
that suffering,
that suffering,
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除了搏鬥以外
你要去忍受。
03:53
then a depth of character is constructed.
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最後，深刻的個性才開始成形
03:57
And we're often not
taught to recognize
taught to recognize
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我們沒有被教導如何學習認知
03:58
the sin in ourselves,
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我們人性中的罪惡
04:00
in that we're not taught in this culture
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我們在這個文化中也沒學習到
04:01
how to wrestle with it,
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怎麼與我們的罪惡搏鬥
怎麼去面對罪惡
04:03
how to confront it,
and how to combat it.
and how to combat it.
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跟怎麼戰勝我們的罪惡
我們生活在一個崇尚第一亞當的社會中
04:06
We live in a culture
with an Adam I mentality
with an Adam I mentality
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也是對第二亞有者模糊概念的社會。
04:09
where we're inarticulate
about Adam II.
about Adam II.
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最後，雷茵霍爾德 尼布爾
04:13
Finally, Reinhold Niebuhr
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04:14
summed up the confrontation, the fully lived
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對亞當第一和第二的對立
04:16
Adam I and Adam II life, this way:
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給予了這樣的總結：
04:20
"Nothing that is worth doing
can be achieved in our lifetime;
can be achieved in our lifetime;
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“沒有一件值得去做的事情，可以在你這一生中完成”
04:23
therefore we must
be saved by hope.
be saved by hope.
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“因此我們必須心存希望。”
04:26
Nothing which is true or
beautiful or good makes
beautiful or good makes
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“沒有一件美麗，真實的東西，”
04:29
complete sense in any immediate context of history;
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“會馬上被人欣賞，”
04:32
therefore we must be saved by faith.
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“‘因此我們要心存信念。”
04:34
Nothing we do, however virtuous,
can be accomplished alone;
can be accomplished alone;
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"我們不能獨自完成任何一件事情，就算是善意的，"
04:38
therefore we must
be saved by love.
be saved by love.
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“因此我們要心存愛。”
04:41
No virtuous act is quite as virtuous
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“所謂善意的事情，"
04:44
from the standpoint of our friend
or foe as from our own standpoint.
or foe as from our own standpoint.
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”從朋友或敵人的角度看，“
”都不比從自己的角度看來得善意。”
04:48
Therefore we must be saved
by that final form of love,
by that final form of love,
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“因此我們一定要心存這種最終的愛 －－”
04:50
which is forgiveness.”
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“原諒。“
04:52
Thanks.
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謝謝！
04:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Brooks - Op-ed columnistWriter and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism.
Why you should listen
David Brooks became an Op-Ed columnist for The New York Times in September 2003. He is currently a commentator on "The PBS Newshour," NPR’s "All Things Considered" and NBC's "Meet the Press."
He is the author of Bobos in Paradise and The Social Animal. In April 2015, he released with his fourth book, The Road to Character, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller.
Brooks also teaches at Yale University, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
Born on August 11, 1961 in Toronto, Canada, Brooks graduated a bachelor of history from the University of Chicago in 1983. He became a police reporter for the City News Bureau, a wire service owned jointly by the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.
He worked at The Washington Times and then The Wall Street Journal for nine years. His last post at the Journal was as Op-ed Editor. Prior to that, he was posted in Brussels, covering Russia, the Middle East, South Africa and European affairs. His first post at the Journal was as editor of the book review section, and he filled in as the Journal's movie critic.
He also served as a senior editor at The Weekly Standard for 9 years, as well as contributing editor for The Atlantic and Newsweek.
David Brooks | Speaker | TED.com