TED2015
Daniel Kish: How I use sonar to navigate the world
丹尼爾·基什: 我如何使用聲納在世界裡前行
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,393,516 views
在他 13 個月大時，丹尼爾·基什就失明了，但他學會利用回聲定位來「看」世界。他用舌頭發出嘀嗒聲，送出聲音。聲音撞擊到環境的表面，然後反彈給他，幫助他構建對周圍空間的理解。在獨樹一幟的演講中，丹尼爾·基什展示了他的方法是如何使用的，並呼籲我們解除對「未知黑暗」的恐懼。
Daniel Kish - Perceptual navigation specialist
Daniel Kish expands the perceptual toolbox of both blind and sighted humans by teaching echolocation -- the ability to observe our surroundings via sound. Full bio
Daniel Kish expands the perceptual toolbox of both blind and sighted humans by teaching echolocation -- the ability to observe our surroundings via sound. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
(Clicking)
0
903
6901
（滴答聲）
00:19
I was born with bilateral retinoblastoma,
1
7804
4616
我出生時就患有雙眼視網膜
00:24
retinal cancer.
2
12420
1933
母細胞瘤。
00:27
My right eye was removed
3
15313
3106
在我七個月大時
00:30
at seven months of age.
4
18419
2917
我的右眼被移除。
00:33
I was 13 months
when they removed my left eye.
when they removed my left eye.
5
21336
3717
13 個月大時
他們把我的左眼移除了。
他們把我的左眼移除了。
00:38
The first thing I did
upon awakening from that last surgery
upon awakening from that last surgery
6
26003
5145
我從最後一個手術後
醒來所做的第一件事是
醒來所做的第一件事是
00:43
was to climb out of my crib
7
31148
3632
爬出我的嬰兒床
00:46
and begin wandering around
the intensive care nursery,
the intensive care nursery,
8
34780
4109
開始在重症監護嬰兒室裡亂逛，
00:51
probably looking for the one
who did this to me.
who did this to me.
9
39829
3379
可能是在找那個把我弄成失明的人。
00:55
(Laughter)
10
43208
1858
（笑聲）
00:58
Evidently, wandering around the nursery
11
46966
3161
顯然地，在嬰兒室裡亂逛
01:02
was not a problem for me without eyes.
12
50127
3575
對於沒有雙眼的我來說並不是問題。
01:05
The problem was getting caught.
13
53702
2635
問題是被抓住。
01:09
It's impressions about blindness
14
57557
3174
對失明的印象
01:12
that are far more threatening
15
60731
3490
遠比失明本身
01:16
to blind people than the blindness itself.
16
64221
3532
讓盲人更恐懼。
01:21
Think for a moment about
your own impressions of blindness.
your own impressions of blindness.
17
69283
3947
想一下你自己對失明的印象。
01:25
Think about your reactions
when I first came onto the stage,
when I first came onto the stage,
18
73230
4066
想一下當我剛上台時你的反應，
01:29
or the prospect of your own blindness,
19
77296
4051
想一下你自己失明，
01:33
or a loved one going blind.
20
81347
3917
或者愛的人將失明的景象。
01:37
The terror is incomprehensible
to most of us,
to most of us,
21
85264
5440
對我們大多數人來說
恐懼難以想象，
恐懼難以想象，
01:42
because blindness
22
90704
2455
因為失明被認為是
01:45
is thought to epitomize ignorance
and unawareness,
and unawareness,
23
93159
5670
無知和無意識的縮影，
01:50
hapless exposure to the ravages
of the dark unknown.
of the dark unknown.
24
98829
7801
不幸地受到未知黑暗的折磨。
01:58
How poetic.
25
106630
1830
多麼詩意啊。
02:01
Fortunately for me,
my parents were not poetic.
my parents were not poetic.
26
109440
3361
對我來說幸運的是，
我的父母沒有充滿詩意。
我的父母沒有充滿詩意。
02:04
They were pragmatic.
27
112801
1875
他們很務實。
02:06
They understood that ignorance and fear
were but matters of the mind,
were but matters of the mind,
28
114676
6617
他們明白
無知和恐懼僅僅是思想層面的問題，
無知和恐懼僅僅是思想層面的問題，
02:13
and the mind is adaptable.
29
121293
3989
並且思想是可以改變的。
02:17
They believed that I should grow up
30
125282
3701
他們認為我會長大
02:20
to enjoy the same freedoms
and responsibilities as everyone else.
and responsibilities as everyone else.
31
128983
4831
享受和其他人一樣的自由與責任。
02:25
In their own words, I would move out --
32
133814
2461
用他們的話來說，我會搬出去住，
02:28
which I did when I was 18 --
33
136275
2787
我 18 歲時做了這事，
02:31
I will pay taxes --
34
139062
1973
我要繳稅。
02:33
thanks --
(Laughter) --
(Laughter) --
35
141035
2840
謝謝（笑聲）
02:37
and they knew the difference
between love and fear.
between love and fear.
36
145605
5181
他們知道愛和恐懼之間的區別。
02:42
Fear immobilizes us
in the face of challenge.
in the face of challenge.
37
150786
4924
面對挑戰的時候
恐懼使我們無法移動。
恐懼使我們無法移動。
02:47
They knew that blindness
would pose a significant challenge.
would pose a significant challenge.
38
155710
2902
他們知道失明會構成重大的挑戰。
02:50
I was not raised with fear.
39
158612
3054
我並不是在恐懼中長大。
02:53
They put my freedom first before all else,
40
161666
3749
他們把我的自由
看得比其他東西都重要，
看得比其他東西都重要，
02:57
because that is what love does.
41
165415
3120
因為那就是愛才會這麼做。
03:00
Now, moving forward,
how do I manage today?
how do I manage today?
42
168535
4229
接下來，如今我是怎麼生存的？
03:06
The world is a much larger nursery.
43
174044
3375
世界是一個更大的育兒室。
03:09
Fortunately, I have my trusty long cane,
44
177419
3901
幸運的是，
我有一支值得信賴的長手杖，
我有一支值得信賴的長手杖，
03:13
longer than the canes
used by most blind people.
used by most blind people.
45
181320
2694
比大多數盲人使用的手杖長。
03:16
I call it my freedom staff.
46
184014
3343
我把它叫做我的自由幫手。
03:19
It will keep me, for example,
47
187357
1556
例如，它能阻止我，
03:20
from making an undignified
departure from the stage. (Laughter)
departure from the stage. (Laughter)
48
188913
5616
不體面地離開講台。（笑聲）
03:27
I do see that cliff edge.
49
195279
1963
我確實看到講台邊緣。
03:30
They warned us earlier
that every imaginable mishap
that every imaginable mishap
50
198282
3227
他們之前提醒我
演講者在台上遇到過各種事故，
03:33
has occurred to speakers
up here on the stage.
up here on the stage.
51
201509
3591
03:37
I don't care to set a new precedent.
52
205100
2021
我不介意做一個先例。
03:40
But beyond that,
53
208491
1934
但除此之外，
03:42
many of you may have heard me clicking
as I came onto the stage --
as I came onto the stage --
54
210425
3127
當我來到講台時
大家可能已經聽到我發出的滴答聲--
大家可能已經聽到我發出的滴答聲--
03:45
(Clicking) --
55
213552
1067
（滴答聲）
03:46
with my tongue.
56
214619
1869
用舌頭發出的聲音。
03:48
Those are flashes of sound
57
216488
3178
那些是聲音的反射
03:51
that go out and reflect
from surfaces all around me,
from surfaces all around me,
58
219666
5080
從我身邊事物的表面反射出去，
03:56
just like a bat's sonar,
59
224746
1372
就像蝙蝠的聲納，
03:58
and return to me with patterns,
with pieces of information,
with pieces of information,
60
226118
5620
把圖案和資訊傳回給我，
04:03
much as light does for you.
61
231738
2487
就像光反射給你們圖案和資訊一樣。
04:07
And my brain, thanks to my parents,
62
235135
3658
感謝我的父母，
04:10
has been activated to form images
in my visual cortex,
in my visual cortex,
63
238793
5305
我的大腦得到啟動
在視覺皮層裡形成圖像，
在視覺皮層裡形成圖像，
04:16
which we now call the imaging system,
64
244098
3240
我們現在把它叫做成像系統，
04:19
from those patterns of information,
much as your brain does.
much as your brain does.
65
247338
3950
藉助資訊的結構形成圖像，
就像你們的大腦。
就像你們的大腦。
04:23
I call this process flash sonar.
66
251288
2566
我稱這個過程為「閃光聲納」。
04:26
It is how I have learned to see
through my blindness,
through my blindness,
67
254604
5718
我就是這樣學會在失明中看見東西，
04:32
to navigate my journey
68
260322
3176
透過自我挑戰未知的黑暗
04:35
through the dark unknowns
of my own challenges,
of my own challenges,
69
263498
4040
駕馭我的旅程，
04:39
which has earned me the moniker
70
267538
3901
我因此得了一個綽號
04:43
"the remarkable Batman."
71
271439
3715
「神奇蝙蝠俠」。
04:47
Now, Batman I will accept.
72
275154
2554
我接受「蝙蝠俠」這個綽號。
04:49
Bats are cool. Batman is cool.
73
277708
3390
蝙蝠很酷。蝙蝠俠也很酷。
04:53
But I was not raised to think of myself
as in any way remarkable.
as in any way remarkable.
74
281098
5668
但是在成長的過程中
我不覺得自己在哪方面是奇特的。
我不覺得自己在哪方面是奇特的。
04:59
I have always regarded myself
much like anyone else
much like anyone else
75
287856
4028
我總是把自己看得和其它人一樣
05:03
who navigates the dark unknowns
of their own challenges.
of their own challenges.
76
291884
5416
他們也是在駕馭挑戰性的未知黑暗。
05:09
Is that so remarkable?
77
297300
3418
那很奇特嗎？
05:12
I do not use my eyes, I use my brain.
78
300718
3296
我不用眼睛，我用我的大腦。
05:16
Now, someone, somewhere,
79
304834
2483
此時某地的某人，
05:19
must think that's remarkable,
or I wouldn't be up here,
or I wouldn't be up here,
80
307317
3827
一定覺得那很奇特，
否則我不會在這裡，
否則我不會在這裡，
05:23
but let's consider this for a moment.
81
311144
3039
但是我們思考一下。
05:27
Everyone out there
82
315013
2726
這裡的每一個人
05:29
who faces or who has ever
faced a challenge,
faced a challenge,
83
317739
4689
面臨或曾經面臨過挑戰的，
05:34
raise your hands.
84
322428
1732
舉起你們的手。
05:37
Whoosh. Okay.
85
325470
2020
呼。 好的。
05:39
Lots of hands going up, a moment,
let me do a head count.
let me do a head count.
86
327490
2972
好多手舉起來，
等一下，我來數數。
等一下，我來數數。
05:42
(Clicking)
87
330462
2041
（滴答聲）
05:45
This will take a while.
(Clicking) (Laughter)
(Clicking) (Laughter)
88
333713
3018
這需要一會兒。
（滴答聲）（笑聲）
（滴答聲）（笑聲）
05:48
Okay, lots of hands in the air.
89
336731
1474
好，空中有好多手。
05:50
Keep them up. I have an idea.
90
338205
2404
一直舉着。我有一個主意。
05:52
Those of you who use your brains
to navigate these challenges,
to navigate these challenges,
91
340609
5693
那些用大腦來克服挑戰的人，
05:58
put your hands down.
92
346302
2941
放下你們的手。
06:02
Okay, anyone with your hands still up
93
350423
2601
好的，還舉着手的人
06:05
has challenges of your own. (Laughter)
94
353024
5238
面臨著自身的挑戰。（笑聲）
06:10
So we all face challenges,
95
358262
2577
我們都面臨著挑戰，
06:12
and we all face the dark unknown,
96
360839
3738
我們都面臨著未知的黑暗，
06:16
which is endemic to most challenges,
which is what most of us fear, okay?
which is what most of us fear, okay?
97
364577
4343
大多數挑戰普遍是這樣，
我們大多數人都害怕，對嗎？
我們大多數人都害怕，對嗎？
06:20
But we all have brains
98
368920
3853
但我們都有大腦
06:24
that allow us, that activate to allow us
99
372773
4296
大腦得到啟動
06:29
to navigate the journey
through these challenges. Okay?
through these challenges. Okay?
100
377069
6387
讓我們在這些挑戰中駕馭旅程。
好嗎？
好嗎？
06:36
Case in point: I came up here
101
384151
4133
一個很好的例子：我來到這裡
06:40
and -- (Clicking) -- they wouldn't tell me
102
388284
6970
（滴答聲）
06:47
where the lectern was.
103
395254
2898
他們不告訴我講台在哪裡。
06:50
So you can't trust those TED folks.
104
398152
2914
你們不能相信 TED 的工作人員。
06:54
"Find it yourself," they said.
105
402796
1857
他們說.：「自己找」，
06:56
So -- (Laughter)
106
404653
3410
（笑聲）
07:01
And the feedback for the P.A. system
is no help at all.
is no help at all.
107
409413
3112
而且廣播系統的反饋根本沒有幫助。
07:04
So now I present to you a challenge.
108
412525
3409
現在我向你們展現一個挑戰。
07:07
So if you'd all close your eyes
for just a moment, okay?
for just a moment, okay?
109
415934
3916
你們都閉上眼睛一會兒，好嗎？
07:11
And you're going to learn
a bit of flash sonar.
a bit of flash sonar.
110
419850
3657
你們將要學一點閃光聲納。
07:15
I'm going to make a sound.
111
423507
1510
我準備弄出聲響。
07:17
I'm going to hold this panel in front
of me, but I'm not going to move it.
of me, but I'm not going to move it.
112
425017
3545
我會在我的前面舉着這塊平板
但不會移動這塊板。
但不會移動這塊板。
07:20
Just listen to the sound for a moment.
113
428562
2924
聽一會兒我發出的聲音。
07:25
Shhhhhhhhhh.
114
433236
5992
噓噓噓噓。
07:31
Okay, nothing very interesting.
115
439228
2065
好吧，沒什麼有趣的。
07:33
Now, listen to what happens
to that same exact sound
to that same exact sound
116
441293
2739
現在，我移動平板
07:36
when I move the panel.
117
444032
1784
聽聽同樣的聲音會有什麼變化。
07:39
Shhhhhhhhhhh.
(Pitch getting higher and lower)
(Pitch getting higher and lower)
118
447146
5965
噓噓噓噓。
（音調時高時低）
（音調時高時低）
07:50
You do not know the power
of the dark side.
of the dark side.
119
458266
3343
你們不知道黑暗的力量。
07:53
(Laughter)
120
461609
1812
（笑聲）
07:55
I couldn't resist.
121
463421
2391
我情不自禁。
07:59
Okay, now keep your eyes closed
122
467832
2647
好的，現在閉上你們的眼睛，
08:02
because, did you hear the difference?
123
470479
1848
你們聽到差別了嗎？
08:04
Okay. Now, let's be sure.
124
472327
3098
好的，讓我們來確認一下。
08:07
For your challenge,
125
475425
1799
你們的挑戰是，
08:09
you tell me, just say "now"
when you hear the panel start to move.
when you hear the panel start to move.
126
477224
5084
當我開始移動平板時
你們就要告訴我「現在」。
你們就要告訴我「現在」。
08:14
Okay? We'll relax into this.
127
482308
2992
好嗎？放鬆。
08:20
Shhhhhhh.
128
488160
3663
噓噓噓噓。
08:23
Audience: Now.
Daniel Kish: Good. Excellent.
Daniel Kish: Good. Excellent.
129
491823
2065
觀眾：現在。
丹尼爾·基什：好的。很棒。
丹尼爾·基什：好的。很棒。
08:25
Open your eyes.
130
493888
1493
睜開眼睛。
08:27
All right. So just a few centimeters,
131
495381
4534
好。只移動了幾厘米，
08:31
you would notice the difference.
132
499915
2130
你們可以注意到這種變化。
08:34
You've experienced sonar.
133
502045
2443
你們已經感受到聲納了。
08:37
You'd all make great blind people.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
134
505528
3019
你們都變成了不起的盲人。
（笑聲）
（笑聲）
08:40
Let's have a look at what can happen
135
508547
2693
我們來看看
08:43
when this activation process
136
511240
3344
當給予啟動過程一些時間和關注
08:46
is given some time and attention.
137
514584
4527
會發生什麼。
08:51
(Video) Juan Ruiz: It's like
you guys can see with your eyes
you guys can see with your eyes
138
519111
3181
（影片）胡安·鲁伊斯：
就像你們可以用眼睛去看
就像你們可以用眼睛去看
08:54
and we can see with our ears.
139
522292
3205
我們可以用耳朵去看。
08:57
Brian Bushway: It's not a matter
of enjoying it more or less,
of enjoying it more or less,
140
525497
3064
布萊恩·布施威：
這不是欣賞多與少的問題，
這不是欣賞多與少的問題，
09:00
it's about enjoying it differently.
141
528561
2926
而是從不同角度欣賞的問題。
09:03
Shawn Marsolais: It goes across.
DK: Yeah.
DK: Yeah.
142
531487
3042
尚恩·瑪索萊斯：穿過了。
丹尼爾·基什：是的。
丹尼爾·基什：是的。
09:06
SM: And then it's gradually
coming back down again.
coming back down again.
143
534529
3808
尚恩·瑪索萊斯：
接着它逐漸再往下走。
接着它逐漸再往下走。
09:10
DK: Yes!
SM: That's amazing.
SM: That's amazing.
144
538337
1613
丹尼爾·基什：對！
尚恩·瑪索萊斯：好神奇。
尚恩·瑪索萊斯：好神奇。
09:11
I can, like, see the car. Holy mother!
145
539950
4296
我可以看到汽車。
聖母馬利亞！
聖母馬利亞！
09:21
J. Louchart: I love being blind.
146
549981
2067
J. 盧沙爾：我喜歡當盲人。
09:24
If I had the opportunity, honestly,
I wouldn't go back to being sighted.
I wouldn't go back to being sighted.
147
552048
3668
說實話，如果有機會
我不打算重見光明了。
我不打算重見光明了。
09:27
JR: The bigger the goal,
the more obstacles you'll face,
the more obstacles you'll face,
148
555716
3460
JR：目標越大，你面臨的障礙越多，
09:31
and on the other side of that goal
149
559176
2601
在目標的另一邊
09:33
is victory.
150
561777
1648
是勝利。
09:35
[In Italian]
151
563425
5155
（意大利語）
09:40
(Applause)
152
568580
9775
（掌聲）
09:50
DK: Now, do these people look terrified?
153
578355
3890
丹尼爾·基什：
這些人看上去很害怕嗎？
這些人看上去很害怕嗎？
09:54
Not so much.
154
582245
1822
不是很害怕。
09:56
We have delivered activation training
155
584067
2786
我們把激活訓練傳授給
09:58
to tens of thousands of blind
and sighted people from all backgrounds
and sighted people from all backgrounds
156
586853
3529
成千上萬的盲人
以及來自各種背景的有視力的人
以及來自各種背景的有視力的人
10:02
in nearly 40 countries.
157
590382
2438
遍及 40 個國家。
10:04
When blind people learn to see,
158
592820
4482
當盲人學會看見，
10:09
sighted people seem inspired
159
597302
3018
有視力的人似乎受到啟發
10:12
to want to learn to see their way
better, more clearly, with less fear,
better, more clearly, with less fear,
160
600320
5057
想要學會更好更清晰
沒那麼畏懼地看清他們的路，
沒那麼畏懼地看清他們的路，
10:18
because this exemplifies
the immense capacity within us all
the immense capacity within us all
161
606627
5906
因為這證明了我們巨大的能力
10:24
to navigate any type of challenge,
through any form of darkness,
through any form of darkness,
162
612533
6513
在任何黑暗中，
駕馭任何一種類型的挑戰，
駕馭任何一種類型的挑戰，
10:31
to discoveries unimagined
163
619046
3286
發現無法想象的東西
10:34
when we are activated.
164
622332
5363
只要我們受到激活。
10:39
I wish you all a most activating journey.
165
627695
6014
我希望你們擁有一個激勵的旅程。
10:45
Thank you very much.
166
633709
1765
非常感謝大家。
10:47
(Applause)
167
635474
7221
（掌聲）
10:55
Chris Anderson: Daniel, my friend.
168
643716
2446
克里斯·安德森：丹尼爾，我的朋友。
10:58
As I know you can see, it's
a spectacular standing ovation at TED.
a spectacular standing ovation at TED.
169
646162
5135
我知道你看得到，
TED 觀眾的熱烈的掌聲。
TED 觀眾的熱烈的掌聲。
11:03
Thank you for an extraordinary talk.
170
651297
2984
謝謝你出色的演講。
11:06
Just one more question about your world,
your inner world that you construct.
your inner world that you construct.
171
654281
5249
還有一個問題
關於你所建立的內心世界。
關於你所建立的內心世界。
11:11
We think that we have things in our world
that you as a blind person don't have,
that you as a blind person don't have,
172
659530
5565
我們認為在我們的世界中
我們擁有你們盲人沒有的事物，
我們擁有你們盲人沒有的事物，
11:17
but what's your world like?
173
665095
1724
但是你們的世界是怎樣的？
11:18
What do you have that we don't have?
174
666819
2763
你們擁有我們所沒有的東西是什麼？
11:21
DK: Three hundred and sixty-degree view,
175
669582
3135
丹尼爾·基什：360 度視角，
11:24
so my sonar works about as well
behind me as it does in front of me.
behind me as it does in front of me.
176
672717
3901
我的聲納在身後也像身前一樣有用。
11:28
It works around corners.
177
676618
1881
在角落處也管用。
11:30
It works through surfaces.
178
678499
2739
它可以穿過表面
11:34
Generally, it's kind of a fuzzy
three-dimensional geometry.
three-dimensional geometry.
179
682448
4781
總而言之，
這是一個模糊的三維幾何世界。
這是一個模糊的三維幾何世界。
11:39
One of my students, who has now
become an instructor,
become an instructor,
180
687229
4040
我有一個學生，現在是名教員，
11:43
when he lost his vision,
after a few months
after a few months
181
691269
2926
當他失明幾個月後，
11:46
he was sitting in his three story house
182
694195
2252
他坐在三層樓高的家裡
11:48
and he realized that he could hear
everything going on throughout the house:
everything going on throughout the house:
183
696447
4017
意識到他能聽到屋裡
正在發生的一切東西：
正在發生的一切東西：
11:52
conversations, people in the kitchen,
people in the bathroom,
people in the bathroom,
184
700464
4179
對話，廚房和浴室裡的人們
11:56
several floors away, several walls away.
185
704643
2694
幾層樓之外，幾牆之隔。
11:59
He said it was something
like having x-ray vision.
like having x-ray vision.
186
707337
3552
他說就像擁有 X 射線一樣的視力。
12:02
CA: What do you picture
that you're in right now?
that you're in right now?
187
710889
3622
安德森·丹尼爾：
你怎樣描繪現在身處的地方？
你怎樣描繪現在身處的地方？
12:06
How do you picture this theater?
188
714511
3019
你怎樣描述這個劇院？
12:09
DK: Lots of loudspeakers, quite frankly.
189
717530
5503
丹尼爾·基什：
坦白說，很多大聲說話的人。
坦白說，很多大聲說話的人。
12:16
It's interesting.
When people make a sound,
When people make a sound,
190
724453
4256
很有趣。
當人們發出聲音，
當人們發出聲音，
12:20
when they laugh, when they fidget,
when they take a drink or blow their nose
when they take a drink or blow their nose
191
728709
5155
當他們笑，當他們坐立不安
當他們喝飲料或者擤鼻子
當他們喝飲料或者擤鼻子
12:25
or whatever, I hear everything.
192
733864
2693
不管是做什麼，我都能聽到。
12:28
I hear every little movement
that every single person makes.
that every single person makes.
193
736557
3181
我聽到每個人做出的細微動作。
12:31
None of it really escapes my attention,
194
739738
2763
它們都沒能逃過我的注意，
12:34
and then, from a sonar perspective,
195
742501
1854
從聲納的角度來說，
12:36
the size of the room, the curvature
of the audience around the stage,
of the audience around the stage,
196
744355
5854
房間的大小，觀眾繞講台的曲率，
12:42
it's the height of the room.
197
750209
3638
房間的高度。
12:45
Like I say, it's all that kind
of three-dimensional surface geometry
of three-dimensional surface geometry
198
753847
3280
就像我說的，
這是環繞我的是
這是環繞我的是
12:49
all around me.
199
757127
1417
三維平面幾何世界。
12:50
CA: Well, Daniel, you have done
a spectacular job
a spectacular job
200
758544
2286
安德森·丹尼爾：
丹尼爾，你的演講很棒，
丹尼爾，你的演講很棒，
12:52
of helping us all see the world
in a different way.
in a different way.
201
760830
2825
幫助我們從一個不同的方式來看世界。
12:55
Thanks so much for that, truly.
DK: Thank you.
DK: Thank you.
202
763655
2170
真誠地感謝你。
丹尼爾·基什：謝謝。
丹尼爾·基什：謝謝。
12:57
(Applause)
203
765825
4389
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kish - Perceptual navigation specialistDaniel Kish expands the perceptual toolbox of both blind and sighted humans by teaching echolocation -- the ability to observe our surroundings via sound.
Why you should listen
When he was 13 months old, Daniel Kish lost both eyes to retinal cancer. Driven by fearless curiosity, he taught himself to navigate by clicking his tongue and listening for echoes -- a method science calls echolocation, and that Kish calls FlashSonar.
In 2000, Kish founded World Access for the Blind as a platform to teach FlashSonar, along with other methods that the blind can use to “see” and that the sighted can use to expand their awareness. Kish and many researchers believe that echolocation produces images similar to sight, and allows the visually impaired to transcend the limited expectations of society.
Daniel Kish | Speaker | TED.com