ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philippa Neave - Electoral consultant
Philippa Neave is senior advisor on the UN's Lexicon of Electoral Terminology.

Why you should listen

Philippa Neave specializes in electoral communications and education, devising information and training campaigns for voters and candidates in emerging democracies. Since 2005 she has worked in electoral assistance as a consultant for the United Nations, developing strategies to inform people on their voting rights, with particular emphasis on reaching women and people with low levels of literacy. She has worked on elections in Afghanistan, Iraq UAE, Jordan, Turkey, Cambodia, Madagascar, Southern Sudan and Tunisia.

An Arabic speaker, Neave initiated and conducted a three-year project to produce the first Arabic lexicon of electoral terminology. With close to 500 entries, the tri-lingual (Arabic, English and French) lexicon provides clear and accurate explanations of key concepts and terms in the field of elections. Neave's approach included a groundbreaking effort to account for Arabic language variations across the region in eight participating countries: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen. 

Neave has always worked with words. For 15 years she was a reporter specialising in the Middle East. After a year and a half in Cairo, she became a foreign correspondent for an international features syndicate in based Rome, Paris and New York. Later, in London, she was chief editor of a magazine on arts and culture and in Paris after that, she was chief editor of European Press Network. She then left the news business and worked as Middle East Director for a British charity, based in Beirut for five years.

Her interest in democracy building goes back to the time when soon after leaving university, she served for several years as deputy Secretary General of the Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, organising and participating in the Euro-Arab Parliamentary Dialogue.

Born in 1960 in France to an English father and a Danish mother, Neave grew up bilingual. She studied Arabic at Durham University in the UK and obtained a BA degree. She speaks seven languages, including Arabic, and is based in Paris.


More profile about the speaker
Philippa Neave | Speaker | TED.com
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Philippa Neave: The unexpected challenges of a country's first election

菲利帕・妮薇: 國家第一次選舉時的未知挑戰

Filmed:
905,550 views

當一個國家的公民都沒有投票經驗時,該如何教他們選舉呢?這些從未有過選舉經驗的國家正在面臨一些巨大的挑戰,而這個挑戰是缺少共通的語言。畢竟當人民不能形容一件事情時,他們也無法理解這件事。在這個發人深省的演講中,選舉專家菲利帕・妮薇(Philippa Neave)分享了她在民主前線的經驗,以及她彌補語言鴻溝的解決方案。
- Electoral consultant
Philippa Neave is senior advisor on the UN's Lexicon of Electoral Terminology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The great philosopher哲學家 Aristotle亞里士多德 said
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偉大的哲人亞里士多德說過:
00:16
if something doesn't exist存在,
there's no word for it,
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如果一件事物不存在,
它就沒有名字。
00:21
and if there's no word for something,
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如果一件事物沒有名字,
00:23
that something doesn't exist存在.
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它就不存在。
00:26
So when we talk about elections選舉,
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所以當我們談論選舉的時候,
我們的國家採用了民主制,
所以知道民主是什麼。
00:28
we in established既定 democracies民主,
we know what we're talking about.
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我們有相關的單字、相關的詞彙。
00:31
We've我們已經 got the words.
We have the vocabulary詞彙.
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我們知道什麼是投票站。
00:34
We know what a polling輪詢 station is.
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我們知道什麼是選票。
00:36
We know what a ballot選票 paper is.
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00:38
But what about countries國家
where democracy民主 doesn't exist存在,
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但在那些非民主國家,
00:43
countries國家 where there are
no words to describe描述 the concepts概念
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不存在可以形容「民主社會」
這個概念的詞語時,
該怎麼辦呢?
00:48
that underpin支撐 a democratic民主的 society社會?
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00:51
I work in the field領域
of electoral assistance幫助,
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我從事選舉援助工作,
也就是說,
00:53
so that's to say we assist助攻
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我們幫助新興的民主國家組織選舉,
00:56
emerging新興 democracies民主 to organize組織
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通常是第一次選舉。
00:58
what is often經常 their first elections選舉.
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當人們問起我的工作時,
01:01
When people ask me what I do,
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01:02
quite相當 often經常 I get this answer回答.
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我通常會得到這個回答,
「喔!你就是那些到世界各地,
01:05
"Oh, so you're one of these people
who goes around the world世界
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到不能承受民主的國家,
去強行實施西方民主制的人。」
01:09
imposing威風 Western西 democracy民主
on countries國家 that can't handle處理 it."
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呃……
聯合國不強迫任何人做任何事,
01:14
Well, the United聯合的 Nations國家
does not impose強加 anything on anybody任何人.
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01:19
It really doesn't,
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真的不。
而且,我們所做的
01:20
and also, what we do
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是篤守 1948《世界人權宣言》的
01:23
is firmly牢牢 anchored錨定 in the 1948
Universal普遍 Declaration宣言 of Human人的 Rights,
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第二十一條:
01:29
Article文章 21, that says
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人人有選擇代表
參與治理本國的權利。
01:31
that everybody每個人 should have the right
to choose選擇 who governs共治 them.
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這是我們工作的基石。
01:36
So that's the basis基礎 of the work.
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01:37
I specialize專攻 in public上市 outreach推廣.
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我從事公眾推廣顧問。
這是什麼意思呢?聽起來又是個術語。
01:40
What does that mean? Another另一個 jargon行話.
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這其實是設計圖像去表達複雜信息。
01:42
It actually其實 means手段
designing設計 information信息 campaigns活動
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01:46
so that candidates候選人 and voters選民
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這使從來沒有機會參與
01:49
who have never had the opportunity機會
to participate參加 or to vote投票
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或投票的候選人和選民,
明白在何時何地註冊,如何註冊;
01:53
understand理解 where, when, how to register寄存器;
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瞭解在何時何地投票,如何投票;
01:57
where, when, how to vote投票;
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知道參與選舉是多麼的重要。
01:59
why, why it is important重要 to take part部分.
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我可能會設計針對女性的活動,
02:02
So I'll probably大概 devise設計 a specific具體
campaign運動 to reach達到 out to women婦女
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保證女性可以參與其中,
02:07
to make sure that they can take part部分,
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02:09
that they can be part部分 of the process處理.
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參與整個過程。
還有年輕人、
02:11
Young年輕 people as well.
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各種人、
02:13
All sorts排序 of people.
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行動不便的人,
02:14
Handicapped殘廢 people.
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我們嘗試去幫助每一個人。
02:15
We try to reach達到 everybody每個人.
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但這並非一帆風順的,
因為常常在過程中,
02:18
And it's not always easy簡單,
because very often經常 in this work,
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在我這麼多年的工作經驗裡,
02:22
I've noticed注意到 now over the years年份
that I've been doing it
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02:25
that words are lacking不足,
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會出現詞彙不足的問題,
我們應該怎麼做?
02:27
and so what do you do?
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02:30
Afghanistan阿富汗.
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這是阿富汗,
02:32
It's a country國家 with
high levels水平 of illiteracy文盲,
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這個國家文盲程度很高。
在 2005 年的時候,
02:34
and the thing about that was,
it was in 2005,
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我們一天組織了兩次選舉,
02:38
and we organized有組織的 two elections選舉
on the same相同 day.
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因為物流條件太差了,
02:42
The reason原因 was because the logistics後勤
are so incredibly令人難以置信 difficult,
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所以一天辦兩場會更有效率。
02:46
it seemed似乎 to be more efficient高效 to do that.
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的確是比較高效。
02:49
It was,
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但是在另一方面,解釋兩場選舉
02:50
but on the other hand,
explaining說明 two elections選舉 instead代替 of one
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比解釋一場難多了。
02:54
was even more complicated複雜.
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02:56
So we used a lot of images圖片,
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所以我們用了很多圖像。
02:58
and when it came來了 to the actual實際 ballot選票,
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當投票時,
我們遇到問題,
因為太多人想參加了。
03:02
we had problems問題, because
so many許多 people wanted to take part部分,
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03:05
we had 300 candidates候選人 for 52 seats
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在阿富汗人民院,
有 300 個候選人
爭奪 52 個議員席位。
03:10
in the Wolesi人民院 Jirga爾格,
which哪一個 is the parliamentary議會 elections選舉.
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而省議會選舉有更多候選人:
03:14
And for the Provincial省級 Council評議會,
we had even more candidates候選人.
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330 個候選人爭奪 54 個席位。
03:17
We had 330 for 54 seats.
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03:20
So talking about ballot選票 design設計,
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所以談到選票的設計,
選票看起來是這樣的。
03:23
this is what the ballot選票 looked看著 like.
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03:27
It's the size尺寸 of a newspaper報紙.
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和報紙一樣大。
這個就是阿富汗人民院的選票。
03:29
This was the Wolesi人民院 Jirga爾格 ballot選票 --
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(笑聲)
03:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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03:32
Yeah, and --
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對,還有
03:35
this was the Provincial省級 Council評議會 ballot選票.
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這個是省議會選票,
不只一頁。
03:39
Even more.
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所以你看,我們的確
使用了很多符號之類的東西。
03:40
So you see, we did use
a lot of symbols符號 and things like that.
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我們在南蘇丹
又遇到了另外的問題。
03:45
And we had other problems問題
in Southern南部的 Sudan蘇丹.
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南蘇丹的情況完全不同。
03:50
Southern南部的 Sudan蘇丹 was a very different不同 story故事.
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03:53
We had so many許多 people
who had never, of course課程, voted,
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南蘇丹有很多人從來沒有投票過,
03:56
but we had extremely非常, extremely非常
high levels水平 of illiteracy文盲,
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而且他們的文盲程度非常、非常高,
有著很差、很差的基礎設施。
04:01
very, very poor較差的 infrastructure基礎設施.
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04:02
For example -- I mean, it's a country國家
the size尺寸 of Texas德州, more or less.
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例如,這個國家和德州差不多大。
可是只鋪了七公里的道路,
04:07
We had seven kilometers公里 of paved鋪砌 roads道路,
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整個國家只有七公里,
04:11
seven kilometers公里 in the whole整個 country國家,
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04:13
and that includes包括 the tarmac停機坪
where we landed登陸 the planes飛機
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這包括我們降落在首都朱巴時
的機場跑道。
04:16
in Juba朱巴 Airport飛機場.
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04:18
So transporting傳輸 electoral materials物料, etc等等.,
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所以運輸選舉材料之類的,
變得極度困難。
04:21
is exceedingly非常 difficult.
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人們完全不知道
投票亭長什麼樣。
04:23
People had no idea理念
about what a box looked看著 like.
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真的太複雜了,
04:28
It was very complicated複雜,
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所以我們當然選擇了用口頭方式去溝通,
04:30
so using運用 verbal口頭 communication通訊
was obviously明顯 the way to go,
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04:34
but there were 132 languages語言.
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但是他們有 132 種語言,
04:38
So that was extremely非常 challenging具有挑戰性的.
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所以具有極大的挑戰性。
04:42
Then I arrived到達 in Tunisia突尼斯 in 2011.
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之後,我在 2011 年去了突尼西亞。
當時是阿拉伯的春天。
04:46
It was the Arab阿拉伯 Spring彈簧.
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04:48
A huge巨大 amount of hope希望 was generated產生
by that enormous巨大 movement運動
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一場盛大的民主運動,
給人們帶來了巨大的希望。
04:52
that was going on in the region地區.
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04:53
There was Libya利比亞,
there was Egypt埃及, there was Yemen也門.
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在利比亞、埃及、葉門。
那是值得紀念的歷史時刻。
04:57
It was an enormous巨大, enormous巨大
historical歷史的 moment時刻.
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05:00
And I was sitting坐在
with the election選舉 commission佣金,
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我那時和選舉委員會坐在一起,
我們在談選舉的不同方面。
05:02
and we were talking
about various各個 aspects方面 of the election選舉,
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05:06
and I was hearing聽力 them using運用 words
that I hadn't有沒有 actually其實 heard聽說 before,
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我聽到他們用一些我從未聽過的詞彙。
05:09
and I'd worked工作 with Iraqis伊拉克人,
I'd worked工作 with Jordanians約旦人, Egyptians埃及人,
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我曾與伊拉克人、約旦人、埃及人一起工作,
05:14
and suddenly突然 they were using運用 these words,
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然後突然間他們
就開始使用這些詞彙。
05:16
and I just thought, "This is strange奇怪."
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我就想:“這真是奇怪”。
但他們真正想表達的是「觀察員」。
05:18
And what really gave rise上升 to it
was this word "observer觀察者."
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05:21
We were discussing討論 election選舉 observers觀察家,
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我們正在討論選舉的觀察員。
05:23
and the election選舉 commissioner專員
was talking about "mulahizmulahiz" in Arabic阿拉伯.
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選舉委員們用阿拉伯語
討論著「mulahiz」。
它的意思接近被動語氣的「注意」。
05:28
This means手段 "to notice注意"
in a passive被動 sort分類 of sense,
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例如:「我注意到
他穿著一件淡藍色的襯衫。」
05:32
as in, "I noticed注意到
he was wearing穿著 a light blue藍色 shirt襯衫."
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我是不是該檢查
他的襯衫真的是淡藍色的?
05:36
Did I go and check whether是否
the shirt襯衫 was light blue藍色 or not?
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這就是選舉觀察員的角色。
05:39
That is the role角色 of an election選舉 observer觀察者.
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05:41
It's very active活性, it's governed治理
by all kinds of treaties條約,
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這角色非常活躍,
它被各種條約所支配,
05:46
and it has got
that control控制 function功能 in it.
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本身也擁有控制能力。
然後我又聽到埃及的用法,
05:48
And then I got wind
of the fact事實 that in Egypt埃及,
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05:51
they were using運用 this term術語 "mutabimutabi’,"
which哪一個 means手段 "to follow跟隨."
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他們用「mutabi」這個詞,
意思是「跟進」。
所以我們現在
又有了選舉的跟進員。
05:54
So we were now having
followers追隨者 of an election選舉.
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但這也不太對,
05:56
So that's not quite相當 right either,
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因為我們已經有
使用中、且為人接受的詞,
05:59
because there is a term術語
that's already已經 accepted公認 and in use,
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06:02
which哪一個 was the word "muraqibmuraqib"
which哪一個 means手段 "a controller調節器."
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那就是「muraqib」,
意思是「監控員」。
類似控制的概念。
06:05
It's got that notion概念 of control控制.
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所以我就想,三個單詞,
一個概念,這可不太好。
06:07
So I thought, three words
for one concept概念. This is not good.
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和同事討論後,
我們認為我們的角色或許是
06:11
And with our colleagues同事,
we thought perhaps也許 it's our role角色
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幫助他們確切地理解這些單詞,
06:14
to actually其實 help make sure
that the words are understood了解
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06:18
and actually其實 create創建 a work of reference參考
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並建立一份參考資料,
06:21
that could be used across橫過 the Arab阿拉伯 region地區.
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用於阿拉伯語地區。
所以我們就這麼做了。
06:24
And that's what we did.
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我和這些同事發起了
06:25
So together一起 with these colleagues同事,
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「阿拉伯語選舉標準術語」項目,
06:27
we launched推出 the "Arabic阿拉伯 Lexicon詞彙
of Electoral Terminology術語,"
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並在八個不同的國家使用。
06:31
and we worked工作
in eight different不同 countries國家.
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06:34
It meant意味著 actually其實 defining確定 481 terms條款
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實際上,我們定義了 481 個詞語,
如果你想辦場民主選舉,
06:39
which哪一個 formed形成 the basis基礎
of everything you need to know
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06:42
if you're going to organize組織
a democratic民主的 election選舉.
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所有基本知識都囊括其中。
06:44
And we defined定義 these terms條款,
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我們定義了這些詞彙,
06:46
and we worked工作 with the Arab阿拉伯 colleagues同事
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1976
也和阿拉伯同事一起工作,
進而達成了
適用於阿拉伯世界
06:48
and came來了 to an agreement協議
about what would be the appropriate適當 word
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的詞彙共識。
06:52
to use in Arabic阿拉伯.
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阿拉伯語的詞彙很豐富,
但那正是問題所在。
06:53
Because the Arabic阿拉伯 language語言 is very rich豐富,
and that's part部分 of the problem問題.
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因為有 22 個國家使用阿拉伯語。
06:57
But there are 22 countries國家
that speak說話 Arabic阿拉伯,
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07:00
and they use modern現代 standard標準 Arabic阿拉伯,
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雖然他們使用的
都是標準現代阿拉伯語,
07:05
which哪一個 is the Arabic阿拉伯
that is used across橫過 the whole整個 region地區
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就是在整個中東地區通用的阿拉伯語,
07:08
in newspapers報紙 and broadcasts廣播,
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也用在報紙和廣播中。
但當然,隨著國家間的
日常用語有所改變,
07:11
but of course課程, then from one country國家
to the next下一個 in day to day language語言 and use
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阿拉伯語就開始分化了——
方言、俗語等等。
07:15
it varies變化 -- dialect方言, colloquialisms俗語, etc等等.
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07:19
So that was another另一個
added添加 layer of complication並發症.
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這構成了另一道障礙。
07:21
So in one sense you had the problem問題
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在這個情況下有個問題:
07:24
that language語言 wasn't
fully充分 ripe成熟, if you like,
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語言尚未完全成熟;
新詞彙和表達方式
卻蜂擁而來,
07:28
neologisms新詞 were coming未來 up,
new expressions表達式.
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所以我們定義了這些詞彙,
07:31
And so we defined定義 all these terms條款,
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07:33
and then we had
eight correspondents記者 in the region地區.
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我們在這些地區
有八位通訊作者。
我們把詞彙表的
草稿交給他們,
07:36
We submitted提交 the draft草案 to them,
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他們就回覆我們:
07:38
they responded回應 back to us.
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「是的,我們明白這些定義。
07:39
"Yes, we understand理解 the definition定義.
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我們贊同這個說法,
07:42
We agree同意 with it,
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07:44
but this is what we say in our country國家."
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但這是我們國家的說法。」
因為我們不打算去協調
也不準備強制協調,
07:47
Because we were not going
to harmonize or force harmonization統一.
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我們就只能嘗試去促進
人與人之間的相互理解,
07:51
We were trying to facilitate促進
understanding理解 among其中 people.
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所以在黃色的部分,
你們能看見,
07:54
So in yellow黃色, you see
the different不同 expressions表達式 in use
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不同國家的使用者
所使用的各種表達方式。
07:59
in the various各個 countries國家.
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08:02
So this, I'm happy快樂 to say,
it took three years年份 to produce生產 this
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因此,我很高興告訴各位,
我們花了三年時間
寫出最終的草稿,放到現實情境中,
08:05
because we also finalized敲定 the draft草案
and took it actually其實 into the field領域,
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與各國的選舉委員會坐在一起,
08:10
satSAT with the election選舉 commissions佣金
in all these different不同 countries國家,
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爭論、定義、且精鍊這些草稿,
08:13
debated辯論 and defined定義 and refined精製 the draft草案,
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08:16
and finally最後 published發表 it
in November十一月 2014 in Cairo開羅.
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最後在 2014 年 11 月
於開羅出版。
08:21
And it's gone走了 a long way.
We published發表 10,000 copies副本.
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這是漫長的旅程。
我們出版了一萬份列印本。
時至今日,PDF 的
下載量約有三千次。
08:24
To date日期, there's about 3,000 downloads下載
off the internet互聯網 in PDFPDF form形成.
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我最近剛從一個同事那邊聽說,
他們要把這份文件帶到索馬利亞,
08:29
I heard聽說 just recently最近 from a colleague同事
that they've他們已經 taken採取 it up in Somalia索馬里.
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08:33
They're going to produce生產
a version of this in Somalia索馬里,
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他們將製作索馬利亞的版本。
08:36
because there's nothing in Somalia索馬里 at all.
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因為目前索馬利亞什麼都沒有。
這聽起來不錯吧。
08:38
So that's very good to know.
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有個新成立的
「阿拉伯選舉管理組織」,
08:41
And this newly formed形成 Arab阿拉伯 Organization組織
for Electoral Management管理 Bodies身體,
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08:46
which哪一個 is trying to professionalize專業化
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希望讓阿拉伯世界
所舉辦的選舉更為專業,
08:49
how elections選舉 are run in the region地區,
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他們已開始使用這份文件。
08:51
they're using運用 it as well.
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阿拉伯聯盟現在也建立了
「泛阿拉伯觀察中心」,
08:53
And the Arab阿拉伯 League聯盟 have now
built內置 up a pan-Arab泛阿拉伯 observation意見 unit單元,
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08:59
and they're using運用 it.
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他們也在使用這份文件。
09:00
So that's all really good.
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這聽起來都很棒。
然而,這個框架比較陽春白雪。
09:03
However然而, this work of reference參考
is quite相當 high-pitched高亢.
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09:07
It's complex複雜, and a lot of the terms條款
are quite相當 technical技術,
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它很複雜,其中
有很多專業詞彙。
09:10
so the average平均 person probably大概 doesn't
need to know at least最小 a third第三 of it.
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對一般人來說,有大概
三分之一的詞彙都不用認識。
但是在中東地區的人們,
09:14
But the people of the Middle中間 East
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09:17
have been deprived剝奪 of any form形成
of what we know as civic公民 education教育.
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他們被剝奪了我們所理解的文明教育。
09:21
It's part部分 of our curriculum課程 at school學校.
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那些是我們學校課程中的一部分,
但在那個世界是不存在的。
09:24
It doesn't really exist存在
in that part部分 of the world世界,
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而我認為每個人都有權利
09:27
and I feel it's really
the right of everybody每個人
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知道選舉是如何運作的。
09:29
to know how these things work.
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製作一份參考文件,
讓普通人理解,
09:32
And it's a good thing to think about
producing生產 a work of reference參考
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是很棒的一件事。
09:36
for the average平均 person,
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雖然我們已經有了
09:38
and bearing軸承 in mind心神 that now
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這樣一份基礎文件,
09:40
we have a basis基礎 to work with,
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但別忘了,我們還有科技,
09:42
but also we have technology技術,
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09:44
so we can reach達到 out using運用 telephone電話 apps應用,
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我們可以使用手機軟體、視頻、動畫,
接觸到更多的人。
09:49
video視頻, animation動畫.
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我們現在有
各式各樣的工具
09:51
There's all sorts排序 of tools工具
that can be used now
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去把這些觀點
用人們自己的語言
09:53
to communicate通信 these ideas思路 to people
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09:56
for the first time in their own擁有 language語言.
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第一次傳遞給他們。
我們聽說了中東地區
人們很多的痛苦。
10:00
We hear a lot of misery苦難
about the Middle中間 East.
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10:02
We hear the chaos混沌 of war戰爭.
We hear terrorism恐怖主義.
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我們聽說了戰亂,
聽說了恐怖主義,
聽說了宗教分裂
和各種可怕的負面消息。
10:05
We hear about sectarianism宗派主義
and all this horrible可怕 negative news新聞
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我們經常接收這種消息。
10:11
that comes to us all the time.
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我們不知道當地人、
普通人是怎麼想的,
10:12
What we're not hearing聽力 is what are
the people, the everyday每天 people, thinking思維?
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他們嚮往什麼呢?
10:17
What are they aspiring有志 to?
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讓我們給予他們方法吧,
給予他們這些詞彙。
10:19
Let's give them the means手段,
let's give them the words.
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沈默的大眾之所以沈默,
10:24
The silent無聲 majority多數 is silent無聲
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10:26
because they don't have the words.
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是因為他們缺少詞彙。
沈默的大眾有知的權利。
10:29
The silent無聲 majority多數 needs需求 to know.
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10:32
It is time to provide提供 people
with the knowledge知識 tools工具
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現在是給人們知識工具的時候,
10:35
that they can inform通知 themselves他們自己 with.
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這樣他們就能積極參與。
10:38
The silent無聲 majority多數
does not need to be silent無聲.
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沈默的大眾不必再保持沈默。
讓我們幫助他們發聲。
10:42
Let's help them have a voice語音.
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10:44
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝。
(鼓掌)
10:45
(Applause掌聲)
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譯者:Kiki Ruan
校對:Chester Cheng
Translated by Qi Ruan
Reviewed by Chester Cheng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philippa Neave - Electoral consultant
Philippa Neave is senior advisor on the UN's Lexicon of Electoral Terminology.

Why you should listen

Philippa Neave specializes in electoral communications and education, devising information and training campaigns for voters and candidates in emerging democracies. Since 2005 she has worked in electoral assistance as a consultant for the United Nations, developing strategies to inform people on their voting rights, with particular emphasis on reaching women and people with low levels of literacy. She has worked on elections in Afghanistan, Iraq UAE, Jordan, Turkey, Cambodia, Madagascar, Southern Sudan and Tunisia.

An Arabic speaker, Neave initiated and conducted a three-year project to produce the first Arabic lexicon of electoral terminology. With close to 500 entries, the tri-lingual (Arabic, English and French) lexicon provides clear and accurate explanations of key concepts and terms in the field of elections. Neave's approach included a groundbreaking effort to account for Arabic language variations across the region in eight participating countries: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen. 

Neave has always worked with words. For 15 years she was a reporter specialising in the Middle East. After a year and a half in Cairo, she became a foreign correspondent for an international features syndicate in based Rome, Paris and New York. Later, in London, she was chief editor of a magazine on arts and culture and in Paris after that, she was chief editor of European Press Network. She then left the news business and worked as Middle East Director for a British charity, based in Beirut for five years.

Her interest in democracy building goes back to the time when soon after leaving university, she served for several years as deputy Secretary General of the Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, organising and participating in the Euro-Arab Parliamentary Dialogue.

Born in 1960 in France to an English father and a Danish mother, Neave grew up bilingual. She studied Arabic at Durham University in the UK and obtained a BA degree. She speaks seven languages, including Arabic, and is based in Paris.


More profile about the speaker
Philippa Neave | Speaker | TED.com