TEDxManchester
Helen Czerski: The fascinating physics of everyday life
海倫賽斯基: 日常生活中的迷人物理
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Readability: 3.4
1,600,477 views
物理並非只存在酷炫的實驗室中。當你把一盤塗了奶油的吐司推下桌，把幾顆葡萄乾丟入發泡檸檬水中，或看著濺出來的咖啡乾涸時，物理就發生了。看物理學家海倫賽斯基展示各種物理概念，教你成為晚宴中更有趣的客人，你也能熟悉如何使用廚房中能找到的日常事物。
Helen Czerski - Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As you heard, I'm a physicist.
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如各位所聽說的，我是個物理學家。
00:15
And I think the way we talk about physics
needs a little modification.
needs a little modification.
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我想，我們談論物理的方式
需要做些細微的修正。
需要做些細微的修正。
00:19
I am from just down the road here;
I don't live here anymore.
I don't live here anymore.
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我以前就住在這附近，
不過現在不住這裡了。
不過現在不住這裡了。
00:22
But coming from round here means
that I have a northern nana,
that I have a northern nana,
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來自這附近就意味著，
我有個來自北部地區外婆，
我有個來自北部地區外婆，
00:27
my mum's mom.
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我母親的母親。
00:28
And Nana is very bright;
she hasn't had much formal education,
she hasn't had much formal education,
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外婆很聰明，沒受過多少正規教育，
00:32
but she's sharp.
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但很精明。
00:33
And when I was a second-year undergraduate
studying physics at Cambridge,
studying physics at Cambridge,
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當我還是劍橋物理系
大二學生的時候，
大二學生的時候，
00:37
I remember spending an afternoon
at Nana's house in Urmston
at Nana's house in Urmston
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記得有一天，我整個下午
都在外婆位於厄姆斯頓的房子裡，
都在外婆位於厄姆斯頓的房子裡，
00:42
studying quantum mechanics.
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研讀量子力學。
00:44
And I had these folders
open in front of me
open in front of me
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我面前有一些打開了的資料夾，
00:46
with this, you know,
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
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內容……你知道的，
說真的，根本就是象形文字。
說真的，根本就是象形文字。
00:49
And Nana came along,
and she looked at this folder,
and she looked at this folder,
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外婆走了過來，看著資料夾，
00:54
and she said, "What's that?"
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然後她說：「那是什麼？」
00:56
I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."
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我說：「那是量子力學，外婆。」
00:59
And I tried to explain something
about what was on the page.
about what was on the page.
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然後我試著解釋頁面上的內容，
01:04
It was to do with the nucleus
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
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內容關於原子核
和愛因斯坦 A、B 係數。
和愛因斯坦 A、B 係數。
01:08
And Nana looked very impressed.
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外婆看起來非常佩服。
01:10
And then she said, "Oh.
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接著，她說：「喔。
01:13
What can you do when you know that?"
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你知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛？」
01:15
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:19
"Don't know, ma'am."
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「我不知道耶，外婆。」
01:20
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:21
I think I said something about computers,
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我想我說了一些關於電腦的東西，
01:23
because it was all
I could think of at the time.
I could think of at the time.
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因為那是我當下唯一能想到的。
01:26
But you can broaden that question out,
because it's a very good question --
because it's a very good question --
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但你可以擴大那個問題，
因為它是個非常好的問題：
因為它是個非常好的問題：
01:30
"What can you do when you know that?"
when "that" is physics?
when "that" is physics?
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「你知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛？」
「那些」指的是物理。
「那些」指的是物理。
01:33
And I've come to realize that when
we talk about physics in society
we talk about physics in society
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然後我意識到，
當我們社會談到物理
和我們對它的印象時，
和我們對它的印象時，
01:37
and our sort of image of it,
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01:38
we don't include the things
that we can do when we know that.
that we can do when we know that.
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並不包含我們了解物理後能做的事。
01:41
Our perception of what physics is
needs a bit of a shift.
needs a bit of a shift.
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我們對於物理的認識需要一點轉變；
01:44
Not only does it need a bit of a shift,
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不只是需要一點轉變，
01:46
but sharing this different perspective
matters for our society,
matters for our society,
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而且分享這個不同的觀點
對我們的社會很重要。
對我們的社會很重要。
01:51
and I'm not just saying that
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
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會這麼說，並非因為
我是物理學家或是偏心，
我是物理學家或是偏心，
也不因為自認我們學物理的
是世界上最重要的人。
是世界上最重要的人。
01:55
and I think we're the most
important people in the world.
important people in the world.
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真的。
01:57
Honest.
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所以老實說，物理有些形象問題，
01:59
So, the image of physics -- we've got
an image problem, let's be honest --
an image problem, let's be honest --
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一直以來它的形象差不多就這樣。
02:02
it hasn't moved on much from this.
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02:04
This is a very famous photograph
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
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這張很有名的照片
來自 1927 年的索爾維會議。
來自 1927 年的索爾維會議。
02:08
This is when the great minds
of physics were grappling
of physics were grappling
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當時頂尖的物理學家
在探討決定論的本質，
02:13
with the nature of determinism
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02:15
and what it means
only to have a probability
only to have a probability
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只知道某粒子位於某處的機率
（註：不知道它的確切位置）
（註：不知道它的確切位置）
02:17
that a particle might be somewhere,
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到底是什麼意思，
也不知道這說法的真假，
02:19
and whether any of it was real.
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全都非常困難。
02:20
And it was all very difficult.
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你們會注意到全都是
外貌嚴肅、身著西裝的男子。
外貌嚴肅、身著西裝的男子。
02:22
And you'll notice they're all
very stern-looking men in suits.
very stern-looking men in suits.
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02:25
Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying,
"Marie Antoinette,"
"Marie Antoinette,"
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瑪麗居禮──差點說成「瑪麗安東妮」
（註：上斷頭台的法國皇后）
（註：上斷頭台的法國皇后）
02:28
which would be a turn-up for the books --
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──將成為物理書籍的轉折點。
瑪麗居禮，下排左起第三位，
02:30
Marie Curie, third from the left
on the bottom there,
on the bottom there,
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她被允許加入，
但必須穿得和其他人一樣。
但必須穿得和其他人一樣。
02:32
she was allowed in,
but had to dress like everybody else.
but had to dress like everybody else.
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（笑聲）
物理就像這個樣子，
總有各式各樣的象形文字。
總有各式各樣的象形文字。
02:35
(Laughter)
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02:36
So, this is what physics is like --
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
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圖上這些和波長、粒子有關。
02:40
these are to do with waves and particles.
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那圖是藝術家對
兩個黑洞互撞的印象，
兩個黑洞互撞的印象，
02:42
That is an artist's impression
of two black holes colliding,
of two black holes colliding,
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這讓它很值得一看，說真的。
02:45
which makes it look
worth watching, to be honest.
worth watching, to be honest.
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很高興我無須為那裡發生的事
寫風險評估報告。
寫風險評估報告。
02:48
I'm glad I didn't have to write
the risk assessment
the risk assessment
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重點是，這就是物理形象：
02:50
for whatever was going on there.
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02:52
The point is: this is
the image of physics, right?
the image of physics, right?
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既怪又難；
從事的人有點古怪，衣著稍奇特；
02:54
It's weird and difficult,
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02:55
done by slightly strange people
dressed in a slightly strange way.
dressed in a slightly strange way.
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它很遙遠，難以接近；
02:58
It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else
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最根本的是，我為什麽要在乎它？
03:00
and fundamentally, why should I care?
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03:03
And the problem with that
is that I'm a physicist,
is that I'm a physicist,
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問題是，
我是個物理學家，
我研究物理，
03:07
and I study this.
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03:09
This -- this is my job, right?
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這是我的工作。
我研究大氣和海洋之間的界面。
03:11
I study the interface
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
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大氣很巨大，海洋很巨大，
03:15
The atmosphere is massive,
the ocean is massive,
the ocean is massive,
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把它們結合在一起的那薄薄一層
03:17
and the thin layer
that joins them together
that joins them together
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非常重要，
03:19
is really important,
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因為東西經過它
從一個大儲存器到另一個。
從一個大儲存器到另一個。
03:20
because that's where things go
from one huge reservoir to the other.
from one huge reservoir to the other.
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你們可以看到海面
──我拍了這影片──
──我拍了這影片──
03:23
You can see that the sea surface --
that was me who took this video --
that was me who took this video --
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順道一提，那些波浪的
平均高度是 10 公尺。
平均高度是 10 公尺。
03:27
the average height of those waves
by the way, was 10 meters.
by the way, was 10 meters.
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03:30
So this is definitely physics
happening here --
happening here --
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這裡發生的肯定是物理，
03:33
there's lots of things --
this is definitely physics.
this is definitely physics.
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很多東西，肯定都是物理。
03:35
And yet it's not included
in our cultural perception of physics,
in our cultural perception of physics,
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然而這些沒被包含在
我們對物理的文化認知中，
我們對物理的文化認知中，
03:39
and that bothers me.
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這讓我很困擾。
03:41
So what is included
in our cultural perception of physics?
in our cultural perception of physics?
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我們對物理的文化認知包含了什麼？
03:44
Because I'm a physicist,
there has to be a graph, right?
there has to be a graph, right?
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因為我是物理學家，
我一定得要有張圖，對嗎？
我一定得要有張圖，對嗎？
03:47
That's allowed.
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那是被容許的。
03:48
We've got time along the bottom here,
from very fast things there,
from very fast things there,
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下面的橫軸是時間，
這邊是非常快速移動的事物，
這邊是非常快速移動的事物，
03:53
to things that take a long time over here.
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那邊是要花較長時間的。
03:56
Small things at the bottom,
big things up there.
big things up there.
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下面的是小東西，上面是大的。
03:58
So, our current cultural image
of physics looks like this.
of physics looks like this.
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我們目前文化印象中的物理像這樣。
04:02
There's quantum mechanics
down in that corner,
down in that corner,
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量子力學在下方那個角落，
04:04
it's very small, it's very weird,
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它很小、很怪異，
04:06
it happens very quickly,
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發生得很快，
04:08
and it's a long way down
in the general ...
in the general ...
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整體來說，它在非常下面，
04:11
on the scale of anything that matters
for everyday life.
for everyday life.
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相較於日常生活重要事件的
時間尺度，它差得很遠。
時間尺度，它差得很遠。
04:14
And then there's cosmology,
which is up there;
which is up there;
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而宇宙論則是在高高在上面那裡，
非常大、非常遙遠，
04:17
very large, very far away,
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也非常怪異。
04:18
also very weird.
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04:20
And if you go to some places
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若追溯到宇宙初始的黑洞之類地方，
04:22
like black holes
in the beginning of the universe,
in the beginning of the universe,
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那麼二者（量子力學和宇宙論）
會在後面連到一塊兒，
會在後面連到一塊兒，
04:25
we know that these are frontiers
in physics, right?
in physics, right?
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而我們知道它們是物理學的邊陲，
04:28
There's lots of work being done
to discover new physics
to discover new physics
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正進行著許多物理新領域的研究。
04:31
in these places.
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04:33
But the thing is, you will notice
there's a very large gap in the middle.
there's a very large gap in the middle.
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重點是，你會注意到
中間有很大的鴻溝。
中間有很大的鴻溝。
04:36
And in that gap, there are many things.
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在那鴻溝中，有許多東西。
04:39
There are planets and toasts
and volcanoes and clouds
and volcanoes and clouds
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有星球、吐司、火山、雲、
04:41
and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins
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單簧管、泡泡、海豚，
04:43
and all sorts of things
that make up our everyday life.
that make up our everyday life.
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以及構成我們日常生活的各種東西，
04:47
And these are also run by physics,
you'd be surprised --
you'd be surprised --
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這些也都靠物理來運作。
你會驚訝中間有物理，
04:50
there is physics in the middle,
it's just that nobody talks about it.
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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只是沒有人談論它。
這些的通性是
04:53
And the thing about all of these
is that they all run
is that they all run
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只依據相對少數的物理法則來運作，
04:57
on a relatively small number
of physical laws,
of physical laws,
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05:01
things like Newton's laws of motion,
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比如牛頓運動定律、
05:03
thermodynamics,
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熱力學、
05:04
some rotational dynamics.
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轉動動力學。
05:05
The physics in the middle
applies over a huge range,
applies over a huge range,
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中間區的物理應用的範圍很廣，
05:09
from very, very small things
to very, very big things.
to very, very big things.
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從非常、非常小的事物
到非常、非常大的。
到非常、非常大的。
你得要很努力才能超出這範圍。
05:12
You have to try very hard
to get outside of this.
to get outside of this.
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05:14
And there is also a frontier
in research physics here,
in research physics here,
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這裡也有物理研究中
尚未完全開拓的疆界，
尚未完全開拓的疆界，
05:18
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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只是沒有人在談論它。
這是個複雜的世界。
05:20
This is the world of the complex.
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這些法則一起運作，
05:21
When these laws work together,
they bring about
they bring about
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帶來我們所居住的這個美麗、
混亂、複雜的世界。
混亂、複雜的世界。
05:24
the beautiful, messy,
complex world we live in.
complex world we live in.
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05:27
Fundamentally, this is the bit
that really matters to me
that really matters to me
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基本上，這是對我而言
每天都很重要的一點，
每天都很重要的一點，
05:30
on an everyday basis.
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是我們不談論的那部份，
05:31
And this is the bit
that we don't talk about.
that we don't talk about.
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有許多的物理研究正在進行著。
05:34
There's plenty of physics
research going on here.
research going on here.
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但由於它不牽涉到某顆星星，
05:36
But because it doesn't involve
pointing at stars,
pointing at stars,
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人們基於某些原因忽視它。
05:38
people for some reason
think it's not that.
think it's not that.
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很酷的一點是
05:41
Now, the cool thing about this
is that there are so many things
is that there are so many things
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中間這部份有非常多的東西，
05:44
in this middle bit,
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05:46
all following the same physical laws,
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都遵循著同樣的物理法則，
05:49
that we can see those laws at work
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在我們周遭幾乎隨時
都看得到那些法則。
都看得到那些法則。
05:51
almost all the time around us.
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我這裡有段影片。
05:53
I've got a little video here.
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遊戲中一顆是生蛋，
05:55
So the game is, one of these eggs is raw
and one of them has been boiled.
and one of them has been boiled.
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另一顆是煮熟的。
05:59
I want you to tell me which one is which.
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請各位告訴我，哪個是哪個。
06:02
Which one's raw?
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哪個是生的？
06:04
(Audience responds)
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（觀眾回應）
06:05
The one on the left -- yes!
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左邊的──對！
06:07
And even though you might not
have tried that, you all knew.
have tried that, you all knew.
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即使沒做過這實驗，你們也都知道。
理由是，轉動它們，
06:10
The reason for that is,
you set them spinning,
you set them spinning,
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06:12
and when you stop the cooked egg,
the one that's completely solid,
the one that's completely solid,
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當你停下煮熟的蛋，
也就是內部完全凝固的蛋，
也就是內部完全凝固的蛋，
06:15
you stop the entire egg.
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整個蛋會靜止。
06:17
When you stop the other one,
you only stop the shell;
you only stop the shell;
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當你停住另一顆蛋，
你只停住了蛋殼；
你只停住了蛋殼；
裡面的液體還在轉動，
因為沒東西讓它停下來，
因為沒東西讓它停下來，
06:19
the liquid inside is still rotating
because nothing's made it stop.
because nothing's made it stop.
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它就會再推動蛋殼，
所以蛋又繼續轉。
所以蛋又繼續轉。
06:22
And then it pushes the shell round again,
so the egg starts to rotate again.
so the egg starts to rotate again.
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06:27
This is brilliant, right?
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這很聰明，對吧？
06:29
It's a demonstration
of something in physics
of something in physics
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這是在展示物理中
06:31
that we call the law of conservation
of angular momentum,
of angular momentum,
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我們稱之為「角動量守衡定律」。
06:35
which basically says
that if you set something spinning
that if you set something spinning
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基本上這定律是，如果你讓某物旋轉，
繞著一個固定軸旋轉，
06:37
about a fixed axis,
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除非你主動去阻止它，
不然它會一直轉下去。
不然它會一直轉下去。
06:38
that it will keep spinning
unless you do something to stop it.
unless you do something to stop it.
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對於宇宙的運作 ，
這是非常基礎的法則。
這是非常基礎的法則。
06:42
And that's really fundamental
in how the universe works.
in how the universe works.
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06:45
And it's not just eggs that it applies to,
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它不只應用在雞蛋上面，
06:47
although it's really useful
if you're the sort of person --
if you're the sort of person --
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不過也的確挺有用，
如果你是那種人的話──
如果你是那種人的話──
很顯然，那種人的確存在──
06:50
and apparently, these people do exist --
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那種會把雞蛋煮熟了再放回冰箱的人。
06:52
who will boil eggs
and then put them back in the fridge.
and then put them back in the fridge.
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誰會這樣做啊？不必承認──
沒關係。我們不會評斷你。
沒關係。我們不會評斷你。
06:55
Who does that? Don't admit to it --
it's OK. We won't judge you.
it's OK. We won't judge you.
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06:58
But it's also got much
broader applicabilities.
broader applicabilities.
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但它還有更廣的應用性。
07:01
This is the Hubble Space Telescope.
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這是「哈伯太空望遠鏡」。
07:03
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
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「哈伯超深空」是太空中
非常微小的一部份。
非常微小的一部份。
07:06
Hubble has been floating
in free space for 25 years,
in free space for 25 years,
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哈伯已在自由空間中飄浮了 25 年，
沒有碰觸任何東西。
07:10
not touching anything.
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07:11
And yet it can point
to a tiny region of sky.
to a tiny region of sky.
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但它可以對準天空中的一個小區域。
07:14
For 11 and a half days,
it did it in sections,
it did it in sections,
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花 11.5 天的時間，
分段做。
07:18
accurately enough
to take amazing images like this.
to take amazing images like this.
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精準度足以拍出像這樣驚人的影像。
問題是：如何在完全不碰到
任何東西的情況下，
任何東西的情況下，
07:21
So the question is:
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07:22
How does something
that is not touching anything
that is not touching anything
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知道它在哪裡？
07:25
know where it is?
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答案就在它中間有某樣東西，
07:26
The answer is that right in the middle
of it, it has something
of it, it has something
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很可惜那東西並不是生的雞蛋，
07:29
that, to my great disappointment,
isn't a raw egg,
isn't a raw egg,
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但基本上功能是一樣的。
07:31
but basically does the same job.
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它有不斷旋轉的陀螺儀，
07:33
It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,
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因為角動量守衡定律的緣故，
07:35
and because of the law
of conservation of angular momentum,
of conservation of angular momentum,
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它們會不斷繞著同一個軸旋轉，
07:37
they keep spinning
with the same axis, indefinitely.
with the same axis, indefinitely.
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永無止境。
07:40
Hubble kind of rotates around them,
and so it can orient itself.
and so it can orient itself.
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而哈伯繞著它們轉，所以能自己定位。
我們在廚房裡使用的小小物理法則，
07:43
So the same little physical law
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
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07:47
also explains what makes possible
some of the most advanced technology
some of the most advanced technology
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也能用來解釋
在我們這個時代最先進的某些技術。
07:52
of our time.
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07:54
So this is the fun bit of physics,
that you learn these patterns
that you learn these patterns
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這是物理好玩的部份，
你能學到這些形式，
你能學到這些形式，
07:57
and then you can apply them
again and again and again.
again and again and again.
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而且你可以把它們重複使用。
當你在新地方發現它們時
會很有成就感。
會很有成就感。
08:00
And it's really rewarding
when you spot them in new places.
when you spot them in new places.
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08:03
This is the fun of physics.
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這就是物理的樂趣。
08:04
I have shown that egg video
to an audience full of businesspeople once
to an audience full of businesspeople once
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我曾把那部雞蛋的影片
放給商業界的觀眾看，
放給商業界的觀眾看，
08:09
and they were all dressed up very smartly
and trying to impress their bosses.
and trying to impress their bosses.
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他們都穿得很正式、得體，
想要讓老闆印象深刻。
想要讓老闆印象深刻。
08:13
And I was running out of time,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
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當時快沒時間了，
所以播完雞蛋影片後，我說：
所以播完雞蛋影片後，我說：
「你們能找出來，
之後再來跟我確認答案。」
之後再來跟我確認答案。」
08:17
"Well, you can work it out,
and ask me afterwards to check."
and ask me afterwards to check."
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然後我就離開講台了。
08:20
Then I left the stage.
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事後真的就有
08:21
And I had, literally,
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08:22
middle-aged grown men
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
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中年成人男子拉著我的袖子，問：
「這個嗎？是嗎？」
08:25
saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"
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當我說：「是啊！」
他們就說：「太好了！」
他們就說：「太好了！」
08:27
And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"
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（笑聲）
08:29
(Laughter)
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發現這些模式時得到的喜悅，
08:30
The joy that you get
from spotting these patterns
from spotting these patterns
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08:32
doesn't go away when you're an adult.
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即使成年人也能得到。
08:34
And that's really important,
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這點非常重要，
08:36
because physics is all about patterns,
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因為物理的重點就是模式，
08:39
and a small number of patterns
give you access
give you access
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少量的模式就能讓你
探究日常生活中幾乎所有的物理。
08:41
to almost all of the physics
in our everyday world.
in our everyday world.
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08:45
The thing that's best about this
is it involves playing with toys.
is it involves playing with toys.
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3571
最棒的一點就是，它也和玩玩具有關。
像雞蛋這樣的東西
不該被視為是平凡的小東西，
不該被視為是平凡的小東西，
08:48
Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed
as the mundane little things
as the mundane little things
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08:52
that we just give the kids to play with
on a Saturday afternoon
on a Saturday afternoon
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只在星期六下午給孩子們玩，
來讓他們安靜下來。
08:55
to keep them quiet.
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1165
這其實是很有意義的東西，
08:56
This is the stuff
that actually really matters,
that actually really matters,
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因為這是宇宙的法則，
08:59
because this is the laws of the universe
and it applies to eggs
and it applies to eggs
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能應用在雞蛋上、
吐司總是塗奶油的那面落地和其他，
09:02
and toast falling butter-side down
and all sorts of other things,
and all sorts of other things,
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就像是它廣泛應用在現代科技上，
09:05
just as much as it applies
to modern technology
to modern technology
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以及在世上正發生的其他事情上。
09:07
and anything else
that's going on in the world.
that's going on in the world.
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我認為我們應該玩玩這些模式。
09:10
So I think we should play
with these patterns.
with these patterns.
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基本上，有少數的一些概念，
09:13
Basically, there are a small
number of concepts
number of concepts
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2215
09:16
that you can become familiar with
using things in your kitchen,
using things in your kitchen,
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是用廚房的東西就可以認識的概念，
並且對生活在外面的世界很有用。
09:19
that are really useful
for life in the outside world.
for life in the outside world.
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如果你想要學熱力學，
鴨子就是個很好的起點，
鴨子就是個很好的起點，
09:21
If you want to learn about thermodynamics,
a duck is a good place to start,
a duck is a good place to start,
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3557
比如，為何牠們的腳不會變冷。
09:25
for example, why their feet
don't get cold.
don't get cold.
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2052
09:27
Once you've got a bit
of thermodynamics with the duck,
of thermodynamics with the duck,
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一旦你從鴨子理解了一點熱力學，
你也能夠用來解釋冰箱。
09:30
you can also explain fridges.
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磁鐵也是你在廚房中可以玩的東西，
09:31
Magnets that you can play with
in your kitchen
in your kitchen
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它能教你風力發電機
以及現代發電方法。
以及現代發電方法。
09:34
get you to wind turbines
and modern energy generation.
and modern energy generation.
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09:38
Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always
a good thing to play with.
a good thing to play with.
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3044
還有發泡檸檬水中的葡萄乾，
它向來是很好玩的。
它向來是很好玩的。
若你處在無聊的派對中，
拿點吧台上的葡萄乾點心，
拿點吧台上的葡萄乾點心，
09:41
If you're at a boring party,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
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3279
09:44
put them in some lemonade.
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把它們丟到檸檬水中。
09:46
It's got three consequences.
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會有三項後果。
09:48
First thing is, it's quite good
to watch; try it.
to watch; try it.
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2367
第一是很好看，去試試看。
09:50
Secondly, it sends the boring people away.
217
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2515
第二是它能趕走無聊的人。
09:53
Thirdly, it brings
the interesting people to you.
the interesting people to you.
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2363
第三是它能吸引有趣的人
來到你身邊。
來到你身邊。
是全贏的局面。
09:55
You win on all fronts.
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1363
09:57
And then there's spin
and gas laws and viscosity.
and gas laws and viscosity.
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還有旋轉、氣體方程式、黏性。
10:00
There's these little patterns,
and they're right around us everywhere.
and they're right around us everywhere.
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這些小模式在我們身邊處處可見。
10:03
And it's fundamentally democratic, right?
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3561
它基本上是普羅大眾的。
10:07
Everybody has access to the same physics;
you don't need a big, posh lab.
you don't need a big, posh lab.
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每個人都能接觸到同樣的物理，
不需要大型、奢侈的實驗室。
不需要大型、奢侈的實驗室。
10:11
When I wrote the book,
I had the chapter on spin.
I had the chapter on spin.
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當我寫這本書的時候，
有一章是關於旋轉的。
有一章是關於旋轉的。
10:15
I had written a bit
about toast falling butter-side down.
about toast falling butter-side down.
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2682
我寫到關於吐司總是
塗著奶油的那面落地。
塗著奶油的那面落地。
我把這章拿給一位
不是科學家的朋友看，
不是科學家的朋友看，
10:17
I gave the chapter to a friend of mine
who's not a scientist,
who's not a scientist,
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3072
10:21
for him to read and tell me
what he thought,
what he thought,
227
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2114
請他讀完後告訴我他的想法，
10:23
and he took the chapter away.
228
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3078
他把那章拿走了。
10:26
He was working overseas.
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1209
他在海外工作。
10:27
I got this text message back from him
a couple of weeks later,
a couple of weeks later,
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2977
幾週後，我收到了他的短信，
寫著：「我在瑞士
一間豪華飯店吃早餐，
一間豪華飯店吃早餐，
10:30
and it said, "I'm at breakfast
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
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4209
我真的很想把吐司推下餐桌，
10:34
and I really want
to push toast off the table,
to push toast off the table,
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2732
10:37
because I don't believe what you wrote."
233
625502
2542
因為我不相信你所寫的。」
10:40
And that was the good bit --
he doesn't have to.
he doesn't have to.
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2315
那是好事──他無須相信我。
他可以自己把吐司推下餐桌試試。
10:42
He can push the toast off the table
and try it for himself.
and try it for himself.
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3456
10:45
And so there's two important things
to know about science:
to know about science:
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3837
要知道兩件關於科學的重要事情：
10:49
the fundamental laws we've learned
through experience and experimentation,
through experience and experimentation,
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4314
我們透過經驗、實驗
所學來的基礎法則是有用的。
所學來的基礎法則是有用的。
10:54
work.
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1154
10:55
The day we drop an apple and it goes up,
239
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1982
我們丟下蘋果而它會上向飛的那天，
10:57
then we'll have a debate about gravity.
240
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1916
我們就會辯論地心引力。
在那之前，我們基本上知道
地心引力是如何運作的，
地心引力是如何運作的，
10:59
Up to that point,
we basically know how gravity works,
we basically know how gravity works,
241
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2590
我們可以學那架構。
11:01
and we can learn the framework.
242
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1534
接著是實驗的過程：
11:03
Then there's the process
of experimentation:
of experimentation:
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2287
對事物有信心，去嘗試事物，
11:05
having confidence in things,
trying things out,
trying things out,
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2203
11:07
critical thinking -- how we move
science forward --
science forward --
245
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2469
批判性思維，如何讓科學向前邁進，
11:10
and you can learn both of those things
246
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2000
兩者你都可以學到，
11:12
by playing with toys
in the everyday world.
in the everyday world.
247
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3095
玩日常中的玩具即可。
11:15
And it's really important,
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2147
這點十分重要，
11:17
because there's all this talk
about technology,
about technology,
249
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2215
因為關於科技有很多的討論，
11:19
we've heard talks about quantum computing
250
667966
2001
我們聽過量子運算，
11:21
and all these mysterious, far-off things.
251
669991
2001
還有各種神秘、遙遠的事物。
11:24
But fundamentally, we still live in bodies
that are about this size,
that are about this size,
252
672016
3834
但根本上，我們還是活在
大約這麼大的身體當中，
大約這麼大的身體當中，
11:27
we still walk about,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
253
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2937
我們還是會走來走去，
坐在這麼大的椅子上，
坐在這麼大的椅子上，
11:30
we still live in the physical world.
254
678835
2000
我們還是活在實體世界中。
11:32
And being familiar with these concepts
means we're not helpless.
means we're not helpless.
255
680859
3948
了解這些概念，
意味著我們並非是無助的。
意味著我們並非是無助的。
11:36
And I think it's really important
that we're not helpless,
that we're not helpless,
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2851
我認為非常重要的是我們並非無助，
社會能夠去看事物，
11:39
that society feels it can look at things,
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2208
11:41
because this isn't
about knowing all the answers.
about knowing all the answers.
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因為重點不在於知道所有的答案。
11:44
It's about having the framework
so you can ask the right questions.
so you can ask the right questions.
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重點是要有架構，
讓你能問出正確的問題。
讓你能問出正確的問題。
11:48
And by playing with these fundamental
little things in everyday life,
little things in everyday life,
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通過玩玩這些日常基本的小東西，
我們就能得到信心，
來問出正確的問題，
來問出正確的問題，
11:51
we gain the confidence
to ask the right questions.
to ask the right questions.
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11:54
So, there's a bigger thing.
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──這就是大的。
11:56
In answer to Nana's question
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回答先前我外婆的問題，
11:57
about what can you do
when you know that --
when you know that --
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「知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛」，
因為在日常的世界中，有很多事
11:59
because there's lots of stuff
in the everyday world
in the everyday world
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在你了解了那些之後都能做到，
12:01
that you can do when you know that,
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特別是如果你家冰箱中有雞蛋的話。
12:03
especially if you've got
eggs in the fridge --
eggs in the fridge --
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12:06
there's a much deeper answer.
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還有一個更深層的答案。
12:08
And so there's all the fun
and the curiosity
and the curiosity
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從玩玩具，你能夠得到
各種樂趣和好奇心。
各種樂趣和好奇心。
12:10
that you could have playing with toys.
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12:12
By the way -- why should kids have
all the fun, right?
all the fun, right?
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順便問：為何只有孩子能享受樂趣？
12:16
All of us can have fun playing with toys,
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所有人都能享受玩玩具的樂趣，
我們不該為此感到不好意思。
12:18
and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.
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你們可以怪在我頭上我，沒關係。
12:20
You can blame me, it's fine.
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12:22
So when it comes to reasons
for studying physics, for example,
for studying physics, for example,
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談到研究物理的理由為例，
12:27
here is the best reason I can think of:
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我能想出的最佳理由是：
12:30
I think that each of us has
three life-support systems.
three life-support systems.
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我認為每個人都有
三項生命維持系統：
三項生命維持系統：
12:34
We've got our own body, we've got a planet
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自己的身體、
地球，
12:36
and we've got our civilization.
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和文明。
12:38
Each of those is an independent
life-support system,
life-support system,
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各自是獨立的生命維持系統，
12:41
keeping us alive in its own way.
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以自己的方式維持我們的生命，
12:43
And they all run
on the fundamental physical laws
on the fundamental physical laws
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都依循著基本物理法則在運作，
12:46
that you can learn in the kitchen
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
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是你在廚房用雞蛋、茶杯、檸檬水，
以及所有其他能玩的東西
就可以學到的法則。
就可以學到的法則。
12:50
and everything else you can play with.
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這就是為什麼
12:52
This is the reason, for example,
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像氣候變遷之類的問題會如此嚴重，
12:53
why something like climate change
is such a serious problem,
is such a serious problem,
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因為它的兩種生命維持系統，
12:56
because It's two of these
life-support systems,
life-support systems,
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我們的地球和文明，
12:59
our planet and our civilization,
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13:01
kind of butting up against each other;
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有點像是在彼此碰撞、互相衝突，
13:03
they're in conflict,
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
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我們需要協調出界線。
關於我們周遭世界的運作，
13:06
And the fundamental physical laws
that we can learn
that we can learn
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13:08
that are the way
the world around us works,
the world around us works,
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我們能學習的基本物理法則，
13:10
are the tools at the basis of everything;
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是最基本的工具，是基礎。
13:13
they're the foundation.
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13:14
There's lots of things
to know about in life,
to know about in life,
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人生中有很多東西需要知道，
但了解基礎能讓你走得長遠。
13:16
but knowing the foundations
is going to get you a long way.
is going to get you a long way.
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我認為如果你沒有興趣
13:19
And I think this, if you're not interested
in having fun with physics
in having fun with physics
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去快樂地學物理，諸如此類，
13:23
or anything like that -- strange,
but apparently, these people exist --
but apparently, these people exist --
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──很奇怪，但顯然這類人的確存在──
至少你會感興趣
13:27
you surely are interested
in keeping yourself alive
in keeping yourself alive
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要維持自己的生存，
以及我們的生命維持系統如何運作。
13:31
and in how our life-support systems work.
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13:33
The framework for physics
is remarkably constant;
is remarkably constant;
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物理學的架構非常穩定，
13:38
it's the same in lots and lots
of things that we measure.
of things that we measure.
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在我們測量的許多東西當中都一樣，
13:41
It's not going to change anytime soon.
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近期內它不會改變。
13:42
They might discover
some new quantum mechanics,
some new quantum mechanics,
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他們可能會發現一些新的量子力學，
13:45
but apples right here
are still going to fall down.
are still going to fall down.
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但這裡的蘋果還是會向下落。
13:47
So, the question is --
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所以，問題是──
13:49
I get asked sometimes: How do you start?
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我有時被問：
「要從何開始？從何處著手？」
「要從何開始？從何處著手？」
13:52
What's the place to start
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13:53
if you're interested in the physical
world, in not being helpless,
world, in not being helpless,
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如果你對物質世界有興趣，
不想要感到無助，
不想要感到無助，
以及有興趣找新玩具來玩，
13:56
and in finding some toys to play with?
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1837
13:58
Here is my suggestion to you:
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我給你的建議如下：
14:01
the place to start is that moment --
and adults do this --
and adults do this --
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就從那一刻開始──成年人會這樣──
14:06
you're drifting along somewhere,
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你在某處隨波逐流，注意到某樣東西，
14:08
and you spot something
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
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你的大腦會說：「喔，那好奇怪。」
14:12
And then your consciousness goes,
"You're an adult. Keep going."
"You're an adult. Keep going."
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你的意識會說：
「你是成年人了，繼續前進。」
「你是成年人了，繼續前進。」
14:15
And that's the point --
hold that thought --
hold that thought --
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就是那個點──留住那個想法──
14:18
that bit where your brain went,
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
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2628
你的大腦說「喔，那有點怪異」的點，
因為那邊就有可以玩的東西，
14:21
because there's something
there to play with,
there to play with,
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2053
且它值得你去玩玩看，
14:23
and it's worth you playing with it,
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那就是要開始的地方。
14:25
so that's the place to start.
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但如果你從家裡到這個活動的路上
14:26
But if you don't have
any of those little moments
any of those little moments
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14:28
on your way home from this event,
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1596
都沒有這類的小時刻，
你還是可以從這些開始。
14:30
here are some things to start with.
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把葡萄乾放到發泡檸檬水中，
極有娛樂性。
極有娛樂性。
14:32
Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade;
highly entertaining.
highly entertaining.
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14:34
Watch a coffee spill dry.
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看著濺出的咖啡乾涸。
我知道那聽起來
有點像是看著油漆乾涸，
有點像是看著油漆乾涸，
14:36
I know that sounds a little bit
like watching paint dry,
like watching paint dry,
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2604
14:39
but it does do quite weird things;
it's worth watching.
it's worth watching.
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3465
但會發生很怪異的事，值得去看。
14:42
I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties
if there are teacups around.
if there are teacups around.
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我漸漸開始喜歡上晚宴，
如果那兒有茶杯的話。
如果那兒有茶杯的話。
14:46
There are so many things you can do
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
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茶杯可以玩出好多花樣，它非常棒。
14:50
The most obvious one
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
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最明顯的一項是拿個茶杯，
拿支湯匙輕敲茶杯的邊緣，傾聽，
14:53
tap the teacup around the rim and listen,
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14:55
and you will hear something strange.
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你會聽到奇怪的聲音。
14:57
And the other thing is,
push your toast off the table
push your toast off the table
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另一樣是把你的吐司推下餐桌，
15:01
because you can,
and you'll learn stuff from it.
and you'll learn stuff from it.
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因為你能這麼做，
且你會從中學到東西。
且你會從中學到東西。
15:03
And if you're feeling really ambitious,
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1952
如果你很有野心，
15:05
try and push it off in such a way
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
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4127
試著用塗奶油的那一面不朝下的
方式把吐司推下餐桌，
方式把吐司推下餐桌，
15:09
which is possible.
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1556
這是辦得到的。
15:11
The point of all of this is that,
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2702
這一切的重點是，
15:13
first of all, we should all
play with toys.
play with toys.
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第一，我們都應該玩玩具。
15:16
We shouldn't be afraid to investigate
the physical world for ourselves
the physical world for ourselves
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3424
我們不該害怕自己用身邊的工具
來研究物質世界，
15:19
with the tools around us,
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因為我們都能取得這些工具。
15:20
because we all have access to them.
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這有意義；因為若我們想要了解社會，
15:22
It matters, because if we want
to understand society,
to understand society,
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若我們想要當個好公民，
15:25
if we want to be good citizens,
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我們得要了解一切基本的架構。
15:26
we need to understand the framework
on which everything else must be based.
on which everything else must be based.
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4078
15:31
Playing with toys is great.
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1503
玩玩具很棒。
15:32
Understanding how to keep
our life-support systems going is great.
our life-support systems going is great.
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了解如何保持我們的
生命維持系統也很棒。
生命維持系統也很棒。
但基本上，我們需要
改變談論物理的方式，
改變談論物理的方式，
15:36
But fundamentally, the thing
that we need to change
that we need to change
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15:38
in the way that we talk about physics,
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我們必須要了解物理並非遙不可及，
15:40
is we need to understand
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15:41
that physics isn't out there
with weird people
with weird people
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並不是只有怪胎用著奇怪的象形文字
15:43
and strange hieroglyphics
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15:45
for somebody else in a posh lab.
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1622
在豪華的實驗室中做的。
15:47
Physics is right here; it's for us,
and we can all play with it.
and we can all play with it.
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物理就在這裡，是大家的，
我們都能跟它玩。
我們都能跟它玩。
15:50
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
15:51
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Czerski - PhysicistDr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us.
Why you should listen
Dr. Helen Czerski has studied bubbles at sea and in the lab, has presented many highly-regarded BBC science documentaries and has told the stories of science (and especially of physics) on stage and in print.
Czerski's academic home is the department of mechanical engineering at University College London in the UK. Her first book, Storm in a Teacup, was published in 2016 (2017 in the US) and shows how the biggest ideas in physics come to life in the world around us -- and how the most mundane quirks of the everyday world open the door to the physics that every citizen needs to know.
Photo: Alex Brenner
Helen Czerski | Speaker | TED.com