TEDxManchester
Helen Czerski: The fascinating physics of everyday life
Helen Czerski: Očaravajuća fizika svakodnevnog života
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Fizika se ne odvija samo u lijepom laboratoriju - odvija se kada gurnete komad namazanog kruha sa stola, ubacite nekoliko grožđica u gazirani sok ili gledate prolivenu kavu kako se suši. Postanite zanimljiviji gost na večerama uz fizičarku Helen Czerski koja predstavlja različite koncepte fizike s kojima se možete upoznati, koristeći stvari koje možete pronaći u svojoj kuhinji.
Helen Czerski - Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Kao što ste čuli, ja sam fizičarka.
00:13
As you heard, I'm a physicist.
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I mislim da moramo malo promijeniti
način na koji govorimo o fizici.
način na koji govorimo o fizici.
00:15
And I think the way we talk about physics
needs a little modification.
needs a little modification.
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00:19
I am from just down the road here;
I don't live here anymore.
I don't live here anymore.
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Nekad sam živjela ovdje, više ne živim.
00:22
But coming from round here means
that I have a northern nana,
that I have a northern nana,
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No, to znači da ovdje na sjeveru imam baku
00:27
my mum's mom.
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s mamine strane.
00:28
And Nana is very bright;
she hasn't had much formal education,
she hasn't had much formal education,
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I baka je jako pametna;
nije veoma obrazovana,
nije veoma obrazovana,
00:32
but she's sharp.
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ali je bistra.
00:33
And when I was a second-year undergraduate
studying physics at Cambridge,
studying physics at Cambridge,
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Kada sam bila na drugoj godini faksa,
studirala sam fiziku na Cambridgeu,
studirala sam fiziku na Cambridgeu,
00:37
I remember spending an afternoon
at Nana's house in Urmston
at Nana's house in Urmston
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sjećam se da sam jedno popodne
kod bake u Urmstonu
kod bake u Urmstonu
00:42
studying quantum mechanics.
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učila kvantnu mehaniku.
00:44
And I had these folders
open in front of me
open in front of me
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I ispred mene su bili fascikli
00:46
with this, you know,
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
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s hijeroglifima, budimo iskreni.
00:49
And Nana came along,
and she looked at this folder,
and she looked at this folder,
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Baka je došla do mene,
pogledala te fascikle
pogledala te fascikle
00:54
and she said, "What's that?"
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i pitala "Što je to?"
00:56
I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."
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Rekla sam, "Kvantna mehanika, bako."
00:59
And I tried to explain something
about what was on the page.
about what was on the page.
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I pokušala sam joj objasniti ono
što je pisalo na trenutnoj stranici.
što je pisalo na trenutnoj stranici.
01:04
It was to do with the nucleus
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
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Radilo se o jezgri i Einsteinovim
A i B koeficijentima.
A i B koeficijentima.
01:08
And Nana looked very impressed.
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Baka je izgledala impresionirano.
01:10
And then she said, "Oh.
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Onda je rekla "Oh.
01:13
What can you do when you know that?"
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I što možeš napraviti kada to znaš?"
01:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:19
"Don't know, ma'am."
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"Ne znam, bako."
01:20
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
Mislim da sam rekla nešto o računalima
01:21
I think I said something about computers,
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01:23
because it was all
I could think of at the time.
I could think of at the time.
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jer sam se jedino toga mogla tada sjetiti.
01:26
But you can broaden that question out,
because it's a very good question --
because it's a very good question --
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Ali to pitanje možete proširiti
jer je to jako dobro pitanje -
jer je to jako dobro pitanje -
"Što možete učiniti kada
to znate?", a "to" je fizika?
to znate?", a "to" je fizika?
01:30
"What can you do when you know that?"
when "that" is physics?
when "that" is physics?
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01:33
And I've come to realize that when
we talk about physics in society
we talk about physics in society
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Shvatila sam da kada
u društvu govorimo o fizici
u društvu govorimo o fizici
01:37
and our sort of image of it,
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i našem poimanju fizike,
01:38
we don't include the things
that we can do when we know that.
that we can do when we know that.
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ne govorimo o stvarima koje
možemo kada znamo fiziku.
možemo kada znamo fiziku.
01:41
Our perception of what physics is
needs a bit of a shift.
needs a bit of a shift.
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Naše shvaćanje fizike
treba se malo promijeniti.
treba se malo promijeniti.
01:44
Not only does it need a bit of a shift,
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Ne samo da se treba promijeniti,
01:46
but sharing this different perspective
matters for our society,
matters for our society,
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već je važno i podijeliti s drugima
ovaj drugačiji pogled,
ovaj drugačiji pogled,
01:51
and I'm not just saying that
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
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a to ne kažem samo zato jer sam fizičarka
i što smatram da smo
najvažniji ljudi na svijetu.
najvažniji ljudi na svijetu.
01:55
and I think we're the most
important people in the world.
important people in the world.
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Iskreno.
Dakle, ta slika fizike koju imamo -
priznajmo, imamo problem s predodžbom -
priznajmo, imamo problem s predodžbom -
01:57
Honest.
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01:59
So, the image of physics -- we've got
an image problem, let's be honest --
an image problem, let's be honest --
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02:02
it hasn't moved on much from this.
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nije se mnogo promijenila od ovoga.
02:04
This is a very famous photograph
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
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Ovo je veoma poznata fotografija
sa Solvayeve konferencije 1927.g.
sa Solvayeve konferencije 1927.g.
02:08
This is when the great minds
of physics were grappling
of physics were grappling
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Tada su se najbolji fizičari borili
02:13
with the nature of determinism
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s prirodom determinizma
02:15
and what it means
only to have a probability
only to have a probability
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i što to znači imati samo vjerojatnost
02:17
that a particle might be somewhere,
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da se čestica negdje nalazi
02:19
and whether any of it was real.
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i je li išta tu stvarno.
I bilo je jako teško.
02:20
And it was all very difficult.
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Primijetit ćete da su to sve
ozbiljni muškarci u odjelima.
ozbiljni muškarci u odjelima.
02:22
And you'll notice they're all
very stern-looking men in suits.
very stern-looking men in suits.
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02:25
Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying,
"Marie Antoinette,"
"Marie Antoinette,"
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Marie Curie - zamalo sam rekla
Marie Antoinette,
Marie Antoinette,
što bi uvelike promijenilo udžbenike -
02:28
which would be a turn-up for the books --
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Marie Curie, treća dolje s lijeve strane,
02:30
Marie Curie, third from the left
on the bottom there,
on the bottom there,
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smjela je ući, ali se morala
obući kao i svi ostali.
obući kao i svi ostali.
02:32
she was allowed in,
but had to dress like everybody else.
but had to dress like everybody else.
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(Smijeh)
02:35
(Laughter)
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Dakle, tako fizika izgleda -
ima svakakvih hijeroglifa,
ima svakakvih hijeroglifa,
02:36
So, this is what physics is like --
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
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02:40
these are to do with waves and particles.
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ovi su vezani uz valove i čestice.
02:42
That is an artist's impression
of two black holes colliding,
of two black holes colliding,
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Ovo je umjetnički prikaz
sudara dviju crnih rupa
sudara dviju crnih rupa
koji, iskreno, to čini puno zanimljivijim.
02:45
which makes it look
worth watching, to be honest.
worth watching, to be honest.
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Dobro da nisam za to
radila procjenu rizika,
radila procjenu rizika,
02:48
I'm glad I didn't have to write
the risk assessment
the risk assessment
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štogod tamo bilo.
02:50
for whatever was going on there.
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Uglavnom, ovo je slika fizike, zar ne?
02:52
The point is: this is
the image of physics, right?
the image of physics, right?
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Čudna je i teška,
njome se bave čudni ljudi
koji su čudno obučeni.
koji su čudno obučeni.
02:54
It's weird and difficult,
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02:55
done by slightly strange people
dressed in a slightly strange way.
dressed in a slightly strange way.
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Nedostupna je, nalazi se negdje drugdje
02:58
It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else
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i, u osnovi, zašto bi me bilo briga?
03:00
and fundamentally, why should I care?
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03:03
And the problem with that
is that I'm a physicist,
is that I'm a physicist,
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No, problem je što sam ja fizičarka
03:07
and I study this.
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i proučavam to.
03:09
This -- this is my job, right?
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To je moj posao, zar ne?
03:11
I study the interface
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
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Proučavam vezu između atmosfere i oceana.
03:15
The atmosphere is massive,
the ocean is massive,
the ocean is massive,
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Atmosfera je ogromna, ocean je ogroman,
a tanki sloj koji ih spaja
03:17
and the thin layer
that joins them together
that joins them together
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je veoma važan
03:19
is really important,
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jer tako stvari prelaze
iz jednog velikog rezervoara u drugi.
iz jednog velikog rezervoara u drugi.
03:20
because that's where things go
from one huge reservoir to the other.
from one huge reservoir to the other.
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Vidite da površina mora -
ja sam snimila taj video -
ja sam snimila taj video -
03:23
You can see that the sea surface --
that was me who took this video --
that was me who took this video --
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03:27
the average height of those waves
by the way, was 10 meters.
by the way, was 10 meters.
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prosječna visina tih valova bila je 10 m.
03:30
So this is definitely physics
happening here --
happening here --
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Dakle, ovo je definitivno
fizika na djelu -
fizika na djelu -
03:33
there's lots of things --
this is definitely physics.
this is definitely physics.
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ima jako puno stvari -
to je sigurno fizika.
to je sigurno fizika.
No, svejedno nije dio
našeg shvaćanja fizike
našeg shvaćanja fizike
03:35
And yet it's not included
in our cultural perception of physics,
in our cultural perception of physics,
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i to me smeta.
03:39
and that bothers me.
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03:41
So what is included
in our cultural perception of physics?
in our cultural perception of physics?
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No, što jest uključeno u
naše shvaćanje fizike?
naše shvaćanje fizike?
03:44
Because I'm a physicist,
there has to be a graph, right?
there has to be a graph, right?
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Budući da sam fizičarka,
mora postojati graf, zar ne?
mora postojati graf, zar ne?
To je dozvoljeno.
03:47
That's allowed.
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03:48
We've got time along the bottom here,
from very fast things there,
from very fast things there,
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Ovdje dolje imamo vrijeme vezano za stvari
koje se događaju jako brzo
koje se događaju jako brzo
03:53
to things that take a long time over here.
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do stvari kojima treba puno vremena.
03:56
Small things at the bottom,
big things up there.
big things up there.
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Male stvari na dnu, velike stvari na vrhu.
03:58
So, our current cultural image
of physics looks like this.
of physics looks like this.
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Dakle, tako izgleda naše
trenutno shvaćanje fizike.
trenutno shvaćanje fizike.
04:02
There's quantum mechanics
down in that corner,
down in that corner,
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Dolje u kutu je kvantna mehanika,
04:04
it's very small, it's very weird,
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veoma je mala, veoma čudna,
04:06
it happens very quickly,
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odvija se jako brzo
04:08
and it's a long way down
in the general ...
in the general ...
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i nalazi se skroz dolje
na ljestvici stvari
na ljestvici stvari
04:11
on the scale of anything that matters
for everyday life.
for everyday life.
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koje su bitne u svakodnevnom životu.
04:14
And then there's cosmology,
which is up there;
which is up there;
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Zatim je tu kozmologija,
koja se nalazi tamo gore;
koja se nalazi tamo gore;
04:17
very large, very far away,
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veoma velika, jako daleko,
04:18
also very weird.
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isto jako čudna.
04:20
And if you go to some places
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I ako odete nekamo,
04:22
like black holes
in the beginning of the universe,
in the beginning of the universe,
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poput crnih rupa u počecima svemira,
04:25
we know that these are frontiers
in physics, right?
in physics, right?
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znamo da su to granice fizike, zar ne?
04:28
There's lots of work being done
to discover new physics
to discover new physics
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Jako puno se radi na tome
da se u tim mjestima
da se u tim mjestima
04:31
in these places.
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otkrije nova fizika.
04:33
But the thing is, you will notice
there's a very large gap in the middle.
there's a very large gap in the middle.
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No, primijetit ćete da se
u sredini nalazi velika rupa.
u sredini nalazi velika rupa.
04:36
And in that gap, there are many things.
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A u toj rupi nalazi se mnogo toga.
04:39
There are planets and toasts
and volcanoes and clouds
and volcanoes and clouds
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Nalaze se planeti, tost, vulkani i oblaci,
04:41
and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins
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klarineti, mjehurići i dupini
04:43
and all sorts of things
that make up our everyday life.
that make up our everyday life.
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te sve stvari koje izgrađuju
naš svakodnevni život.
naš svakodnevni život.
04:47
And these are also run by physics,
you'd be surprised --
you'd be surprised --
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A njih isto pokreće fizika,
iznenadili biste se -
iznenadili biste se -
04:50
there is physics in the middle,
it's just that nobody talks about it.
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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u sredini je fizika, ali
nitko o tome ne govori.
nitko o tome ne govori.
Bitno kod tih stvari je da su sve podložne
04:53
And the thing about all of these
is that they all run
is that they all run
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04:57
on a relatively small number
of physical laws,
of physical laws,
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relativno malom broju zakona fizike,
05:01
things like Newton's laws of motion,
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poput Newtonovih zakona kretanja,
05:03
thermodynamics,
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termodinamike
05:04
some rotational dynamics.
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i nešto malo dinamike vrtnje.
05:05
The physics in the middle
applies over a huge range,
applies over a huge range,
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Fizika u sredini primjenjuje se
na mnogo toga,
na mnogo toga,
05:09
from very, very small things
to very, very big things.
to very, very big things.
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od veoma malih do veoma velikih stvari.
Morate se jako potruditi
da izađete iz ovoga.
da izađete iz ovoga.
05:12
You have to try very hard
to get outside of this.
to get outside of this.
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05:14
And there is also a frontier
in research physics here,
in research physics here,
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Postoji i granica u istraživačkoj fizici,
05:18
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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samo što nitko ne govori o tome.
To je svijet kompleksnog.
05:20
This is the world of the complex.
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Kada ovi zakoni rade zajedno, stvaraju
05:21
When these laws work together,
they bring about
they bring about
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05:24
the beautiful, messy,
complex world we live in.
complex world we live in.
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ovaj lijepi, zbrkani,
složeni svijet u kojem živimo.
složeni svijet u kojem živimo.
05:27
Fundamentally, this is the bit
that really matters to me
that really matters to me
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U osnovi, to je dio
koji je meni jako važan
koji je meni jako važan
05:30
on an everyday basis.
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u svakodnevnom životu.
I to je dio o kojem ne govorimo.
05:31
And this is the bit
that we don't talk about.
that we don't talk about.
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Ovdje se odvija mnogo
fizičkih istraživanja.
fizičkih istraživanja.
05:34
There's plenty of physics
research going on here.
research going on here.
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Ali zato jer ne uključuje
gledanje u zvijezde,
gledanje u zvijezde,
05:36
But because it doesn't involve
pointing at stars,
pointing at stars,
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ljudi iz nekog razloga
misle da to nije to.
misle da to nije to.
05:38
people for some reason
think it's not that.
think it's not that.
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Ono što je super kod ovoga je
da postoji jako puno stvari
da postoji jako puno stvari
05:41
Now, the cool thing about this
is that there are so many things
is that there are so many things
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05:44
in this middle bit,
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u ovom srednjem dijelu
05:46
all following the same physical laws,
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koje prate iste zakone fizike,
05:49
that we can see those laws at work
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tako da te zakone možemo vidjeti na djelu
05:51
almost all the time around us.
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gotovo stalno oko nas.
Imam kratak video.
05:53
I've got a little video here.
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Dakle, jedno od ovih jaja
je sirovo, a jedno je kuhano.
je sirovo, a jedno je kuhano.
05:55
So the game is, one of these eggs is raw
and one of them has been boiled.
and one of them has been boiled.
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05:59
I want you to tell me which one is which.
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Želim da mi kažete koje je koje.
06:02
Which one's raw?
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Koje je sirovo?
06:04
(Audience responds)
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(Publika odgovara)
06:05
The one on the left -- yes!
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Ovo na lijevo - da!
06:07
And even though you might not
have tried that, you all knew.
have tried that, you all knew.
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Iako ga niste probali, znali ste.
Razlog tome je što ste ih zavrtjeli
06:10
The reason for that is,
you set them spinning,
you set them spinning,
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06:12
and when you stop the cooked egg,
the one that's completely solid,
the one that's completely solid,
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i kada zaustavite kuhano jaje,
ono koje je potpuno tvrdo,
ono koje je potpuno tvrdo,
zaustavljate cijelo jaje.
06:15
you stop the entire egg.
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Kada zaustavite drugo jaje,
zaustavite samo ljusku;
zaustavite samo ljusku;
06:17
When you stop the other one,
you only stop the shell;
you only stop the shell;
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tekućina iznutra se još okreće
zato jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.
zato jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.
06:19
the liquid inside is still rotating
because nothing's made it stop.
because nothing's made it stop.
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To pokreće ljusku
i jaje se opet počinje okretati.
i jaje se opet počinje okretati.
06:22
And then it pushes the shell round again,
so the egg starts to rotate again.
so the egg starts to rotate again.
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06:27
This is brilliant, right?
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Sjajno, zar ne?
06:29
It's a demonstration
of something in physics
of something in physics
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To je prikaz nečega što u fizici
06:31
that we call the law of conservation
of angular momentum,
of angular momentum,
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zovemo zakon očuvanja
kutne količine gibanja,
kutne količine gibanja,
06:35
which basically says
that if you set something spinning
that if you set something spinning
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koji kaže da ako nešto zavrtite
oko fiksne osi,
06:37
about a fixed axis,
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nastavit će se vrtjeti tako dugo
dok to ne zaustavite.
dok to ne zaustavite.
06:38
that it will keep spinning
unless you do something to stop it.
unless you do something to stop it.
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A to je osnovni princip
na kojem funkcionira svemir.
na kojem funkcionira svemir.
06:42
And that's really fundamental
in how the universe works.
in how the universe works.
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06:45
And it's not just eggs that it applies to,
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I ne odnosi se samo na jaja,
06:47
although it's really useful
if you're the sort of person --
if you're the sort of person --
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iako je jako korisno ako to volite -
a takvi ljudi navodno postoje -
06:50
and apparently, these people do exist --
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koji skuhaju jaja i onda ih
vrate u hladnjak.
vrate u hladnjak.
06:52
who will boil eggs
and then put them back in the fridge.
and then put them back in the fridge.
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Tko to radi? Ne morate priznati,
u redu je. Nećemo vas osuđivati.
u redu je. Nećemo vas osuđivati.
06:55
Who does that? Don't admit to it --
it's OK. We won't judge you.
it's OK. We won't judge you.
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06:58
But it's also got much
broader applicabilities.
broader applicabilities.
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No, ima i puno širu namjenu.
07:01
This is the Hubble Space Telescope.
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Ovo je svemirski teleskop Hubble.
07:03
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
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Hubbleovo ultra-duboko polje,
jedan jako mali dio neba.
jedan jako mali dio neba.
07:06
Hubble has been floating
in free space for 25 years,
in free space for 25 years,
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Hubble pluta svemirom već 25 godina,
07:10
not touching anything.
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ne dodirujući išta.
07:11
And yet it can point
to a tiny region of sky.
to a tiny region of sky.
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a svejedno može prikazati
i najmanji dio neba.
i najmanji dio neba.
07:14
For 11 and a half days,
it did it in sections,
it did it in sections,
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Radio je to 11 i pol dana
07:18
accurately enough
to take amazing images like this.
to take amazing images like this.
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dovoljno točno kako bi nastale
ove nevjerojatne slike.
ove nevjerojatne slike.
07:21
So the question is:
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Pitanje je:
Kako nešto što ništa ne dodiruje
07:22
How does something
that is not touching anything
that is not touching anything
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zna gdje se nalazi?
07:25
know where it is?
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07:26
The answer is that right in the middle
of it, it has something
of it, it has something
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Odgovor se nalazi u sredini i,
na moju veliku žalost,
nema veze sa sirovim jajem,
nema veze sa sirovim jajem,
07:29
that, to my great disappointment,
isn't a raw egg,
isn't a raw egg,
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ali ima, otprilike, istu ulogu.
07:31
but basically does the same job.
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07:33
It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,
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Ima žiroskope koji se vrte
i zbog zakona o očuvanju
kutne količine gibanja,
kutne količine gibanja,
07:35
and because of the law
of conservation of angular momentum,
of conservation of angular momentum,
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stalno se vrte oko iste osi.
07:37
they keep spinning
with the same axis, indefinitely.
with the same axis, indefinitely.
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07:40
Hubble kind of rotates around them,
and so it can orient itself.
and so it can orient itself.
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Hubble se, u neku ruku,
okreće oko njih i tako se orijentira.
okreće oko njih i tako se orijentira.
07:43
So the same little physical law
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
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Dakle, isti zakon kojim se igramo
i koristimo ga u kuhinji,
i koristimo ga u kuhinji,
07:47
also explains what makes possible
some of the most advanced technology
some of the most advanced technology
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objašnjava zašto je moguće da imamo
neke od najnaprednijih tehnologija
neke od najnaprednijih tehnologija
07:52
of our time.
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današnjice.
07:54
So this is the fun bit of physics,
that you learn these patterns
that you learn these patterns
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To je zabavni dio fizike
gdje naučite te obrasce
gdje naučite te obrasce
07:57
and then you can apply them
again and again and again.
again and again and again.
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i možete ih primjenjivati
uvijek ispočetka.
uvijek ispočetka.
I stvarno je dobar osjećaj
kada ih uočite negdje drugdje.
kada ih uočite negdje drugdje.
08:00
And it's really rewarding
when you spot them in new places.
when you spot them in new places.
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To je zabavna strana fizike.
08:03
This is the fun of physics.
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1493
08:04
I have shown that egg video
to an audience full of businesspeople once
to an audience full of businesspeople once
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Pokazala sam ovaj video o jajima publici
u kojoj su bili sve neki poslovni ljudi
u kojoj su bili sve neki poslovni ljudi
08:09
and they were all dressed up very smartly
and trying to impress their bosses.
and trying to impress their bosses.
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i svi su bili lijepo obučeni i
pokušavali impresionirati svoje šefove.
pokušavali impresionirati svoje šefove.
08:13
And I was running out of time,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
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Ponestajalo mi je vremena
pa sam pokazala taj video i rekla
pa sam pokazala taj video i rekla
"Možete sami zaključiti i
poslije me pitati da provjerite."
poslije me pitati da provjerite."
08:17
"Well, you can work it out,
and ask me afterwards to check."
and ask me afterwards to check."
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Zatim sam otišla.
08:20
Then I left the stage.
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I doslovno,
08:21
And I had, literally,
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srednjovječni muškarci
poslije su me vukli za rukav
poslije su me vukli za rukav
08:22
middle-aged grown men
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
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2577
i pitali "Je li ovo? Je li ovo?"
08:25
saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"
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I kad sam rekla "Da" oni su rekli "To!"
08:27
And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"
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2004
(Smijeh)
Radost koju osjetite
kada uočite takve obrasce
kada uočite takve obrasce
08:29
(Laughter)
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08:30
The joy that you get
from spotting these patterns
from spotting these patterns
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08:32
doesn't go away when you're an adult.
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postoji i kada ste odrasli.
08:34
And that's really important,
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I to je jako važno
08:36
because physics is all about patterns,
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2479
jer se u fizici radi o obrascima,
08:39
and a small number of patterns
give you access
give you access
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a mali dio tih obrazaca daje vam pristup
08:41
to almost all of the physics
in our everyday world.
in our everyday world.
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gotovo cijeloj fizici u našem
svakodnevnom svijetu.
svakodnevnom svijetu.
08:45
The thing that's best about this
is it involves playing with toys.
is it involves playing with toys.
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Ono što je najbolje od svega je
da uključuje i igranje igračkama.
da uključuje i igranje igračkama.
08:48
Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed
as the mundane little things
as the mundane little things
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3491
Stvari poput jaja ne bi trebalo
odbaciti kao nešto uobičajeno
odbaciti kao nešto uobičajeno
08:52
that we just give the kids to play with
on a Saturday afternoon
on a Saturday afternoon
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3086
što dajemo djeci da se igraju
kako bi bila tiha.
08:55
to keep them quiet.
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1165
To su stvari koje su stvarno bitne
08:56
This is the stuff
that actually really matters,
that actually really matters,
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jer to su zakoni svemira
i primjenjuju se na jaja,
i primjenjuju se na jaja,
08:59
because this is the laws of the universe
and it applies to eggs
and it applies to eggs
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3024
tost koji pada na premazanu stranu
i na mnogo drugih stvari,
i na mnogo drugih stvari,
09:02
and toast falling butter-side down
and all sorts of other things,
and all sorts of other things,
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3279
isto kako se primjenjuju
na modernu tehnologiju
na modernu tehnologiju
09:05
just as much as it applies
to modern technology
to modern technology
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09:07
and anything else
that's going on in the world.
that's going on in the world.
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2213
i sve ostalo što se događa u svijetu.
09:10
So I think we should play
with these patterns.
with these patterns.
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3714
Zato mislim da bismo se
trebali igrati tim obrascima.
trebali igrati tim obrascima.
09:13
Basically, there are a small
number of concepts
number of concepts
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2215
Zapravo, postoji mali broj načela
09:16
that you can become familiar with
using things in your kitchen,
using things in your kitchen,
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3005
koje možete spoznati koristeći stvari
koje imate u kuhinji,
koje imate u kuhinji,
09:19
that are really useful
for life in the outside world.
for life in the outside world.
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a koja su stvarno korisna
za život u vanjskom svijetu.
za život u vanjskom svijetu.
09:21
If you want to learn about thermodynamics,
a duck is a good place to start,
a duck is a good place to start,
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Ako želite naučiti nešto o termodinamici,
dobro je početi od patke,
dobro je početi od patke,
recimo, zašto im noge nikada nisu hladne.
09:25
for example, why their feet
don't get cold.
don't get cold.
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2052
09:27
Once you've got a bit
of thermodynamics with the duck,
of thermodynamics with the duck,
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2551
Kad shvatite termodinamiku patke,
razumijet ćete i hladnjake.
09:30
you can also explain fridges.
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1419
09:31
Magnets that you can play with
in your kitchen
in your kitchen
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2761
Magneti kojima se igrate u kuhinji
09:34
get you to wind turbines
and modern energy generation.
and modern energy generation.
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vode vas do vjetrenjača
i modernog stvaranja energije.
i modernog stvaranja energije.
09:38
Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always
a good thing to play with.
a good thing to play with.
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3044
Grožđice u limunadi,
uvijek je zgodno igrati se njima.
uvijek je zgodno igrati se njima.
Ako vam je dosadno na zabavi,
izvadite grožđice iz kolača
izvadite grožđice iz kolača
09:41
If you're at a boring party,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
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3279
i stavite ih u limunadu.
09:44
put them in some lemonade.
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2000
09:46
It's got three consequences.
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1587
To ima tri posljedice.
09:48
First thing is, it's quite good
to watch; try it.
to watch; try it.
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Prvo, zabavno je gledati, probajte.
09:50
Secondly, it sends the boring people away.
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Drugo, tjera dosadne ljude od vas.
09:53
Thirdly, it brings
the interesting people to you.
the interesting people to you.
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2363
Treće, privlači zanimljive ljude k vama.
Nema loših strana.
09:55
You win on all fronts.
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1363
09:57
And then there's spin
and gas laws and viscosity.
and gas laws and viscosity.
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3347
A tu su i zakoni vrtnje,
zakoni plinova i viskoznost.
zakoni plinova i viskoznost.
10:00
There's these little patterns,
and they're right around us everywhere.
and they're right around us everywhere.
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Postoje ti mali obrasci
i nalaze se svugdje oko nas.
i nalaze se svugdje oko nas.
10:03
And it's fundamentally democratic, right?
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3561
I u osnovi je to sve demokratski, zar ne?
10:07
Everybody has access to the same physics;
you don't need a big, posh lab.
you don't need a big, posh lab.
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3652
Svi imaju pristup istoj fizici,
ne treba vam za to veliki laboratorij.
ne treba vam za to veliki laboratorij.
10:11
When I wrote the book,
I had the chapter on spin.
I had the chapter on spin.
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3954
Kada sam pisala knjigu,
imala sam poglavlje o vrtnji.
imala sam poglavlje o vrtnji.
Pisala sam i o tostu koji
pada na premazanu stranu.
pada na premazanu stranu.
10:15
I had written a bit
about toast falling butter-side down.
about toast falling butter-side down.
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2682
Dala sam poglavlje svom prijatelju,
koji nije znanstvenik,
koji nije znanstvenik,
10:17
I gave the chapter to a friend of mine
who's not a scientist,
who's not a scientist,
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3072
10:21
for him to read and tell me
what he thought,
what he thought,
227
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2114
da ga pročita i kaže mi što misli
10:23
and he took the chapter away.
228
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3078
i on ga je uzeo.
Radio je u inozemstvu.
10:26
He was working overseas.
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1209
Nekoliko tjedana kasnije
dobila sam njegovu poruku
dobila sam njegovu poruku
10:27
I got this text message back from him
a couple of weeks later,
a couple of weeks later,
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615512
2977
10:30
and it said, "I'm at breakfast
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
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4209
i pisalo je "Doručkujem u
otmjenom hotelu u Švicarskoj
otmjenom hotelu u Švicarskoj
10:34
and I really want
to push toast off the table,
to push toast off the table,
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2732
i stvarno želim gurnuti tost sa stola
10:37
because I don't believe what you wrote."
233
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2542
jer ne vjerujem onome što si napisala."
10:40
And that was the good bit --
he doesn't have to.
he doesn't have to.
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2315
I to je dobro - ne mora vjerovati.
10:42
He can push the toast off the table
and try it for himself.
and try it for himself.
235
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3456
Može gurnuti tost
sa stola i sam isprobati.
sa stola i sam isprobati.
10:45
And so there's two important things
to know about science:
to know about science:
236
633887
3837
Dakle, postoje dvije važne stvari
koje treba znati o znanosti:
koje treba znati o znanosti:
10:49
the fundamental laws we've learned
through experience and experimentation,
through experience and experimentation,
237
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4314
osnovni zakoni koje smo naučili
kroz iskustvo i eksperimente
kroz iskustvo i eksperimente
10:54
work.
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1154
funkcioniraju.
10:55
The day we drop an apple and it goes up,
239
643264
1982
Ako bacimo jabuku i ona ode prema gore,
10:57
then we'll have a debate about gravity.
240
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1916
tada ćemo razmotriti zakon gravitacije.
Do tada znamo kako gravitacija djeluje
10:59
Up to that point,
we basically know how gravity works,
we basically know how gravity works,
241
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2590
i možemo naučiti ono glavno.
11:01
and we can learn the framework.
242
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1534
Tu je i proces eksperimentiranja:
11:03
Then there's the process
of experimentation:
of experimentation:
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2287
imati povjerenje u stvari, isprobavati ih,
11:05
having confidence in things,
trying things out,
trying things out,
244
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2203
11:07
critical thinking -- how we move
science forward --
science forward --
245
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2469
kritičko razmišljanje -
kako razvijamo znanost -
kako razvijamo znanost -
11:10
and you can learn both of those things
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658413
2000
sve to možete naučiti
11:12
by playing with toys
in the everyday world.
in the everyday world.
247
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3095
igrajući se igračkama svakodnevno.
11:15
And it's really important,
248
663556
2147
I to je jako važno
11:17
because there's all this talk
about technology,
about technology,
249
665727
2215
jer se stalno priča o tehnologiji,
11:19
we've heard talks about quantum computing
250
667966
2001
kvantnom računanju
11:21
and all these mysterious, far-off things.
251
669991
2001
i svim tim tajanstvenim, dalekim stvarima.
11:24
But fundamentally, we still live in bodies
that are about this size,
that are about this size,
252
672016
3834
No, u osnovi još uvijek živimo
u tijelima koja su otprilike ove veličine,
u tijelima koja su otprilike ove veličine,
11:27
we still walk about,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
253
675874
2937
još uvijek hodamo, sjedimo
na ovakvim stolcima,
na ovakvim stolcima,
11:30
we still live in the physical world.
254
678835
2000
još uvijek živimo u fizičkom svijetu.
11:32
And being familiar with these concepts
means we're not helpless.
means we're not helpless.
255
680859
3948
Ako smo upoznati sa svime time,
znači da nismo bespomoćni.
znači da nismo bespomoćni.
11:36
And I think it's really important
that we're not helpless,
that we're not helpless,
256
684831
2851
Mislim da je jako važno
da nismo bespomoćni,
da nismo bespomoćni,
da društvo osjeća
da može promatrati stvari,
da može promatrati stvari,
11:39
that society feels it can look at things,
257
687706
2208
11:41
because this isn't
about knowing all the answers.
about knowing all the answers.
258
689938
2666
jer tu se ne radi
o poznavanju svih odgovora.
o poznavanju svih odgovora.
11:44
It's about having the framework
so you can ask the right questions.
so you can ask the right questions.
259
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3417
Radi se o tome da poznajete osnove
kako bi postavljali prava pitanja.
kako bi postavljali prava pitanja.
11:48
And by playing with these fundamental
little things in everyday life,
little things in everyday life,
260
696069
3514
Igrajući se tim osnovnim malim
stvarima u svakodnevnom životu,
stvarima u svakodnevnom životu,
stječemo pouzdanje
da postavimo prava pitanja.
da postavimo prava pitanja.
11:51
we gain the confidence
to ask the right questions.
to ask the right questions.
261
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2735
11:54
So, there's a bigger thing.
262
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1686
Dakle, ima tu nešto više.
11:56
In answer to Nana's question
263
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1374
Odgovor na bakino pitanje,
11:57
about what can you do
when you know that --
when you know that --
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što možeš kada znaš sve to,
11:59
because there's lots of stuff
in the everyday world
in the everyday world
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jer mnogo je toga u svakodnevnom životu
koje možete učiniti ako to znate,
12:01
that you can do when you know that,
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pogotovo ako imate jaja u hladnjaku -
12:03
especially if you've got
eggs in the fridge --
eggs in the fridge --
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12:06
there's a much deeper answer.
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zapravo postoji mnogo dublji odgovor.
12:08
And so there's all the fun
and the curiosity
and the curiosity
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Tu je i zabava i znatiželja
koja dolazi kroz igru sa svime time.
12:10
that you could have playing with toys.
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12:12
By the way -- why should kids have
all the fun, right?
all the fun, right?
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A i zašto bi se samo
djeca zabavljala, zar ne?
djeca zabavljala, zar ne?
12:16
All of us can have fun playing with toys,
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Svi se možemo igrati igračkama
i ne bismo se trebali toga sramiti.
12:18
and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.
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Slobodno možete okriviti mene.
12:20
You can blame me, it's fine.
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12:22
So when it comes to reasons
for studying physics, for example,
for studying physics, for example,
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Kada govorimo o razlozima
zašto učiti fiziku, primjerice,
zašto učiti fiziku, primjerice,
12:27
here is the best reason I can think of:
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ovo je najbolji razlog kojeg imam:
12:30
I think that each of us has
three life-support systems.
three life-support systems.
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mislim da svatko od nas
ima tri sustava za održavanje života.
ima tri sustava za održavanje života.
12:34
We've got our own body, we've got a planet
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Imamo svoje tijelo, planet
12:36
and we've got our civilization.
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i našu civilizaciju.
12:38
Each of those is an independent
life-support system,
life-support system,
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Svaki od tih sustava je neovisan
12:41
keeping us alive in its own way.
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i na svoj način nas održava na životu.
12:43
And they all run
on the fundamental physical laws
on the fundamental physical laws
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Svi rade na principu
osnovnih zakona fizike
osnovnih zakona fizike
12:46
that you can learn in the kitchen
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
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koje možete naučiti u kuhinji
pomoću jaja, šalica i limunade
pomoću jaja, šalica i limunade
te svega čime se možete igrati.
12:50
and everything else you can play with.
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To je razlog
12:52
This is the reason, for example,
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12:53
why something like climate change
is such a serious problem,
is such a serious problem,
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zašto su klimatske promjene
tako ozbiljan problem
tako ozbiljan problem
12:56
because It's two of these
life-support systems,
life-support systems,
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jer su dva sustava za održavanje života,
12:59
our planet and our civilization,
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1768
naš planet i civilizacija,
13:01
kind of butting up against each other;
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u nekom sukobu,
13:03
they're in conflict,
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
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2892
bore se i mi moramo odrediti granice.
13:06
And the fundamental physical laws
that we can learn
that we can learn
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A osnovni zakoni fizike
koje možemo naučiti,
koje možemo naučiti,
13:08
that are the way
the world around us works,
the world around us works,
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koji su način na koji svijet funkcionira,
13:10
are the tools at the basis of everything;
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nalaze se u osnovi svega:
13:13
they're the foundation.
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oni su temelj.
Mnogo je stvari u životu koje treba znati,
13:14
There's lots of things
to know about in life,
to know about in life,
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2171
ali ako znate temelje,
daleko ćete dogurati.
daleko ćete dogurati.
13:16
but knowing the foundations
is going to get you a long way.
is going to get you a long way.
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2796
A mislim da čak i ako se
ne želite zabavljati fizikom
ne želite zabavljati fizikom
13:19
And I think this, if you're not interested
in having fun with physics
in having fun with physics
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3641
13:23
or anything like that -- strange,
but apparently, these people exist --
but apparently, these people exist --
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4051
ili nečim sličnim - čudno,
ali takvi ljudi navodno postoje -
ali takvi ljudi navodno postoje -
13:27
you surely are interested
in keeping yourself alive
in keeping yourself alive
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4087
sigurno će vas zanimati
kako da ostanete živi
kako da ostanete živi
13:31
and in how our life-support systems work.
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i kako rade sustavi za održavanje života.
13:33
The framework for physics
is remarkably constant;
is remarkably constant;
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Osnove fizike su nevjerojatno postojane;
13:38
it's the same in lots and lots
of things that we measure.
of things that we measure.
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2676
jednako vrijede
za mnogo stvari koje mjerimo.
za mnogo stvari koje mjerimo.
I to se neće tako skoro promijeniti.
13:41
It's not going to change anytime soon.
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Možda otkriju neku novu kvantnu mehaniku,
13:42
They might discover
some new quantum mechanics,
some new quantum mechanics,
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2263
ali jabuke će i dalje padati prema dolje.
13:45
but apples right here
are still going to fall down.
are still going to fall down.
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13:47
So, the question is --
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2123
Dakle, pitanje je -
13:49
I get asked sometimes: How do you start?
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nekad me pitaju: Kako početi?
13:52
What's the place to start
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Gdje početi
13:53
if you're interested in the physical
world, in not being helpless,
world, in not being helpless,
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3256
ako vas zanima fizički svijet,
ako ne želite biti bespomoćni
ako ne želite biti bespomoćni
13:56
and in finding some toys to play with?
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1837
i kako pronaći igračke za igru?
13:58
Here is my suggestion to you:
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2404
Ovo je moj prijedlog vama:
14:01
the place to start is that moment --
and adults do this --
and adults do this --
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5399
počnite onog trenutka kada -
odrasli to isto rade -
odrasli to isto rade -
14:06
you're drifting along somewhere,
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1862
negdje lutate,
14:08
and you spot something
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
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3591
primijetite nešto i vaš mozak
kaže, "Hm, to je baš čudno."
kaže, "Hm, to je baš čudno."
14:12
And then your consciousness goes,
"You're an adult. Keep going."
"You're an adult. Keep going."
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Zatim vaša svijest kaže,
"Odrasla si osoba. Idi dalje."
"Odrasla si osoba. Idi dalje."
14:15
And that's the point --
hold that thought --
hold that thought --
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U tom trenutku - zadržite tu misao -
onda kada je vaš mozak rekao
"Hm, to je baš čudno,"
"Hm, to je baš čudno,"
14:18
that bit where your brain went,
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
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2628
jer to je nešto čime se možete igrati
14:21
because there's something
there to play with,
there to play with,
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i čime se vrijedi igrati.
14:23
and it's worth you playing with it,
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1718
Tako se počinje.
14:25
so that's the place to start.
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1396
No, ako vam se to ne dogodi
14:26
But if you don't have
any of those little moments
any of those little moments
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14:28
on your way home from this event,
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1596
kada odavde krenete kući,
evo par načina kako početi.
14:30
here are some things to start with.
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1685
Stavite grožđice u limunadu,
jako je zabavno.
jako je zabavno.
14:32
Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade;
highly entertaining.
highly entertaining.
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2162
14:34
Watch a coffee spill dry.
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Gledajte prolivenu kavu kako se suši.
14:36
I know that sounds a little bit
like watching paint dry,
like watching paint dry,
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2604
Znam da je to kao da
gledate sliku kako se suši,
gledate sliku kako se suši,
14:39
but it does do quite weird things;
it's worth watching.
it's worth watching.
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3465
ali stvarno se događaju
čudne stvari, vrijedi pogledati.
čudne stvari, vrijedi pogledati.
14:42
I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties
if there are teacups around.
if there are teacups around.
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4195
Ja sam malo čudna na večerama
ako su u blizini šalice za čaj.
ako su u blizini šalice za čaj.
14:46
There are so many things you can do
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
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3440
Genijalno je na koliko se načina
možete igrati šalicama za čaj.
možete igrati šalicama za čaj.
14:50
The most obvious one
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
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Najočitiji je onaj
da uzmete šalicu, žličicu,
da uzmete šalicu, žličicu,
14:53
tap the teacup around the rim and listen,
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2318
dodirujete rub šalice i slušate.
14:55
and you will hear something strange.
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1795
Čut ćete nešto čudno.
14:57
And the other thing is,
push your toast off the table
push your toast off the table
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S druge strane, gurnite tost sa stola
15:01
because you can,
and you'll learn stuff from it.
and you'll learn stuff from it.
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2409
zato jer možete
i naučit ćete nešto iz toga.
i naučit ćete nešto iz toga.
15:03
And if you're feeling really ambitious,
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1952
A ako se osjećate zaista ambiciozno,
15:05
try and push it off in such a way
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
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pokušajte gurnuti tost tako
da ne padne na premazanu stranu,
da ne padne na premazanu stranu,
15:09
which is possible.
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što je isto moguće.
15:11
The point of all of this is that,
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2702
Zaključak svega ovoga je,
15:13
first of all, we should all
play with toys.
play with toys.
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prvo, svi bismo se trebali
igrati igračkama.
igrati igračkama.
Ne bismo se trebali bojati sami
istražiti fizički svijet
istražiti fizički svijet
15:16
We shouldn't be afraid to investigate
the physical world for ourselves
the physical world for ourselves
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3424
pomoću alata oko nas,
15:19
with the tools around us,
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jer svima su nam dostupni.
15:20
because we all have access to them.
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1780
15:22
It matters, because if we want
to understand society,
to understand society,
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To je važno jer ako
želimo razumjeti društvo,
želimo razumjeti društvo,
ako želimo biti dobri građani,
15:25
if we want to be good citizens,
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moramo razumjeti princip
na kojem se sve mora temeljiti.
na kojem se sve mora temeljiti.
15:26
we need to understand the framework
on which everything else must be based.
on which everything else must be based.
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4078
15:31
Playing with toys is great.
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1503
Igranje igračkama je super.
15:32
Understanding how to keep
our life-support systems going is great.
our life-support systems going is great.
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Razumjeti kako održati naše
sustave za preživljavanje je super.
sustave za preživljavanje je super.
Ali ono osnovno što moramo promijeniti
15:36
But fundamentally, the thing
that we need to change
that we need to change
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u načinu na koji govorimo o fizici,
15:38
in the way that we talk about physics,
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je da moramo razumjeti
15:40
is we need to understand
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da fizika nije za nekog drugog
15:41
that physics isn't out there
with weird people
with weird people
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15:43
and strange hieroglyphics
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u modernom laboratoriju gdje su
15:45
for somebody else in a posh lab.
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čudni hijeroglifi i čudni ljudi.
Fizika je ovdje, za nas
i svi se možemo igrati njome.
i svi se možemo igrati njome.
15:47
Physics is right here; it's for us,
and we can all play with it.
and we can all play with it.
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15:50
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno!
(Pljesak)
15:51
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Czerski - PhysicistDr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us.
Why you should listen
Dr. Helen Czerski has studied bubbles at sea and in the lab, has presented many highly-regarded BBC science documentaries and has told the stories of science (and especially of physics) on stage and in print.
Czerski's academic home is the department of mechanical engineering at University College London in the UK. Her first book, Storm in a Teacup, was published in 2016 (2017 in the US) and shows how the biggest ideas in physics come to life in the world around us -- and how the most mundane quirks of the everyday world open the door to the physics that every citizen needs to know.
Photo: Alex Brenner
Helen Czerski | Speaker | TED.com