TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
Sheryl WuDunn: Najveća nepravda našeg stoljeća
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Knjiga Sheryl WuDunn "Pola neba" istražuje globalnu potlačenost žena. Njene priče šokiraju. Samo kada će žene u zemljama u razvoju imati ravnopravan pristup obrazovanju i ekonomskim prilikama, mi ćemo koristiti sve naše ljudske potencijale.
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
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Globalni izazov o kojem vam danas želim govoriti
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
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rijetko dolazi do naslovnica.
00:21
It, however, is enormous
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On je, kako bilo, ogroman
00:24
in both scale and importance.
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u obje dimenzije, obujmu i značaju.
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
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Gledajte, vi svi ste puno proputovali;
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
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na koncu ovo je ipak TEDGlobal.
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
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Ali ja se nadam kako ću vas odvesti na neka mjesta
00:34
you've never been to before.
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na kojima prije niste bili.
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
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Započnimo s Kinom.
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
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Ova slika je napravljena prije dva tjedna.
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
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U stvari, jedna indikacija je što je taj maleni dječak na ramenima moga muža
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
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upravo maturirao.
00:46
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
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Ali ovo je Tiananmen trg.
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
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Mnogi od vas su bili tamo. To nije prava Kina.
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
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Dopustite da vas odvedem u pravu Kinu.
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
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To su Dabian planine
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
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u udaljenom dijelu Hubei provincije u središnjoj Kini.
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
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Dai Manju ima 13 godina u vrijeme kada priča započinje.
01:04
She lives with her parents,
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Ona živi sa svojim roditeljima,
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
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sa svoja dva brata i sestrom svoga djeda.
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
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Imaju kolibu bez struje,
01:11
no running water,
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bez tekuće vode,
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
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bez ručnog sata, bez bicikla.
01:15
And they share this great splendor
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I dijele tu raskoš
01:17
with a very large pig.
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s jako velikom svinjom.
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
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Dai Manju je bila u šestom razredu kada su joj roditelji rekli,
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
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"Izvuči ćemo te iz škole
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
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jer je školarina od 13 dolara previše za nas.
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
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Provest ćeš ostatak svog života u rižinim poljima.
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
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Zašto bismo trošili taj novac na tebe?"
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
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To je ono što se događa djevojčicama u udaljenim područjima.
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
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Ispalo je kako je Dai Manju bila
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
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najbolja učenica u razredu.
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
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I dalje je pravila dvosatni put do školske zgrade
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
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i pokušala uhvatiti svaki djelić informacije
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
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koji je izašao iz vrata.
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
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O njoj smo pisali u New York Timesu.
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
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Dobili smo more donacija --
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
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uglavnom čekovi od 13 dolara,
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
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jer su čitatelji New York Timesa jako darežljivi
01:57
in tiny amounts
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s malenim iznosima.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
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Ali onda smo dobili donaciju
02:04
for $10,000 --
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od 10.000 $ --
02:06
really nice guy.
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stvarno dobar čovjek.
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
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Predali smo novac tamošnjem direktoru škole.
02:11
He was delighted.
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Bio je oduševljen.
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
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Pomislio je, "Mogao bih obnoviti školu.
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
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Mogu dati stipendiju za sve djevojčice."
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
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Znate, ako rade naporno i ostanu u školi.
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
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Tako je Dai Manju u osnovi
02:21
finished out middle school.
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završila osnovnu školu.
02:23
She went to high school.
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Otišla je u srednju školu.
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
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Otišla je u strukovnu školu za računovodstvo.
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
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Tražila je posao dolje u Guangdong provinciji na jugu.
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
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Pronašla je posao, tražila je poslove
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
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za ljude iz svoga razreda i prijatelje.
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
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Slala je novac nazad svojoj obitelji.
02:37
They built a new house,
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Oni su sagradili novu kuću,
02:39
this time with running water,
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ovaj puta s tekućom vodom,
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
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strujom, biciklom,
02:43
no pig.
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bez svinje.
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
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Ono što smo vidjeli jest prirodan eksperiment.
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
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Rijetko dobijete vanjsku investiciju
02:50
in girls' education.
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za obrazovanje djevojčica.
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
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I kroz godine, dok smo pratili Dai Manju, bili smo u mogućnosti vidjeti
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
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kako se ona uspjela izvući iz začaranog kruga
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
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i ući u krug dobroćinstva.
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
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Ona ne samo da je promijenila svoju dinamiku,
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
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ona je promijenila svoje kućanstvo, obitelj, selo.
03:05
The village became a real standout.
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Selo je postalo primjerom.
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
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Naravno, većina Kine je cvjetala u to vrijeme
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
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ali oni su uspjeli sagraditi cestu,
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
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povezati se s ostatkom Kine.
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
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I to me dovodi do prve velike
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
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od dvije poruke u "Pola neba".
03:21
And that is that
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A to je
03:23
the central moral challenge
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središnji moralni izazov
03:25
of this century
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ovog stoljeća
03:27
is gender inequity.
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jest neravnopravnost spolova.
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
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U 19. stoljeću, to je bilo ropstvo.
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
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U 20. stoljeću to je bio totalitarizam.
03:34
The cause of our time
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Problem našeg doba
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
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jest brutalnost s kojom je toliki broj ljudi
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
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suočen širom svijeta zbog svog spola.
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
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Neki od vas će pomisliti,
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
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"Bože, to je hiperbola.
03:45
She's exaggerating."
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Ona pretjeruje."
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
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Dopustite mi da vam postavim ovo pitanje.
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
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Koliko vas misli da je više muškaraca ili žena na svijetu?
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
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Dozvolite da provedem glasanje. Koliko vas misli kako je više muškaraca na svijetu?
03:55
Hands up, please.
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Ruke u zrak, molim.
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
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Koliko vas misli -- nekoliko -- koliko vas misli kako je više žena na svijetu?
04:00
Okay, most of you.
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OK, većina vas.
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
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Znate, ova druga grupa, je u krivu.
04:04
There are, true enough,
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Zapravo, iskreno,
04:06
in Europe and the West,
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u Europi i na Zapadu,
04:08
when women and men
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gdje muškarci i žene
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
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imaju jednak pristup hrani i zdravstvenoj brizi,
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
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postoji više žena, duže žive.
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
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Ali u većini ostatka svijeta, to nije slučaj.
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
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U stvari, demografi su pokazali
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
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kako postoji između 60 milijuna
04:21
and 100 million
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i 100 milijuna
04:23
missing females in the current population.
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nestalih žena u sadašnjoj populaciji.
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
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I znate, to se dogodilo zbog nekoliko razloga.
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
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Na primjer, u posljednjih 50ak godina,
04:31
more girls were discriminated to death
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više cura je diskrimirano do smrti
04:34
than all the people killed on all the battlefields
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nego što je ljudi poginulo na svim bojnim poljima
04:36
in the 20th century.
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u 20. stoljeću.
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
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Ponekad je to također zbog sonograma.
04:41
Girls get aborted before they're even born
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Djevojčice se abortiraju prije nego što budu rođene
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
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kada su raspoloživi resursi oskudni.
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
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Ova djevojčica ovdje, na primjer,
04:48
is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
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je u centru za prehranu u Etiopiji.
04:50
The entire center was filled with girls like her.
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Cijeli centar je pun djevojčica poput nje.
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
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Ono što je nevjerojatno da su njena braća, iz iste obitelji,
04:56
were totally fine.
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savršeno u redu.
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
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U Indiji, u prvoj godini života,
05:00
from zero to one,
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od nula do jedan,
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
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stopa preživjelih dječaka i djevojčica je jednaka,
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
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jer ovise o dojenju,
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
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a prsa nemaju sklonost ka sinovima.
05:09
From one to five,
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Od jedan do pet,
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
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cure umiru uz 50% višu stopu smrtnosti
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
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od dječaka, u cijeloj Indiji.
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
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Druga poruka u "Pola neba"
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
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je, stavite po strani moralnost svega ispravnog i pogrešnog ovdje.
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
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I samo na čisto praktičnoj razini,
05:27
we think that
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mislimo kako je
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
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jedan od najboljih načina za borbu protiv siromaštva i terorizma
05:32
is to educate girls
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jest edukacija djevojčica
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
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i uvođenje žena u formalnu radnu snagu.
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
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Siromaštvo, na primjer.
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
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Postoje tri razloga zbog čega se ovo događa.
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
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Prvo, prevelika populacija je jedan od
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
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stalnih razloga za siromaštvo.
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
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I znate, kada educirate dječaka,
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
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njihova obitelj ima manje djece,
05:50
but only slightly.
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ali samo neznatno manje.
05:52
When you educate a girl,
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Kada educirate curice,
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
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ona ima tendenciju imanja značajno manje djece.
05:57
The second reason is
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Drugi razlog je
06:00
it has to do with spending.
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povezan s potrošnjom.
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
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To je na neki način prljava, mala tajna siromaštva,
06:04
which is that,
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a to je,
06:06
not only do poor people
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ne samo da siromašni ljudi
06:08
take in very little income,
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zarađuju manje,
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
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ali također, ono što zarade,
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
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ne potroše pametno.
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
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I na nesreću, većina te potrošnje je napravljena od strane muškaraca.
06:18
So research has shown,
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Tako su istraživanja pokazala,
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
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ako pogledate ljude koji žive s manje od dva dolara dnevno --
06:23
one metric of poverty --
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jedna od metrika siromaštva --
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
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dva posto od te plaće
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
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ide u ovu košaru ovdje, edukaciju.
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
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20 posto ide u košaru koja je kombinacija
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
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alkohola, duhana, šećernih pića,
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
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te prostitucije i festivala.
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
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Ako uzmete samo četiri postotna boda
06:40
and put it into this basket,
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i stavite to u ovu košaru,
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
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imali biste transformacijski efekt.
06:46
The last reason has to do
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Zadnja lekcija ima veze
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
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s ženama koje su dio rješenja, a ne problema.
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
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Morate koristiti oskudne resurse.
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
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To je bacanje resursa ako ne koristite nekoga poput Dai Manju.
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
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Bill Gates je jako dobro rekao
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
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kada je putovao kroz Saudijsku Arabiju.
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
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Govorio je publici poput vas.
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
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Kakobilo, na dvije trećine se nalazilo ograničenje.
07:06
On this side was men,
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Na ovoj strani su bili muškarci,
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
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i onda ograničenje, i na ovoj strani žene.
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
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I netko s ove strane sobe se ustao i rekao,
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
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"Gosp. Gates, mi u Saudijskoj Arabiji imamo cilj
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
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biti u 10 najuspješnijih zemalja
07:17
when it comes to technology.
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kada je riječ o tehnologiji.
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
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Mislite li da ćemo to ostvariti?"
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
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Bill Gates, dok je gledao u publiku, odgovori,
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
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"Ako do kraja ne koristite pola resursa vaše zemlje,
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
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nema šanse da dođete niti blizu 10 najboljih."
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
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Dakle tu je Bill od Arabije.
07:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
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Dakle kako bi neki od specifičnih izazova
07:37
look like?
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izgledali?
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
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Rekla bih, na vrhu agende
07:43
is sex trafficking.
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je trgovina ljudima.
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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I o tome ću reći samo dvije stvari.
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
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Ropstvo na vrhu trgovine robljem
07:50
in the 1780s:
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u 1780im:
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
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bilo je oko 80.000 robova
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
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transportirano iz Afrike u Novi svijet.
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
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Moderno ropstvo:
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
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prema gruboj statistici Državne uprave,
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
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postoji oko 800.000 -- 10 puta više --
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
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kojima se trguje preko međunarodnih granica.
08:10
And that does not even include those
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A to niti ne uključuju one
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
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kojima se trguje unutar granica pojedine zemlje,
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
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što predstavlja značajan udio.
08:17
And if you look at
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I ako pogledate na
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
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drugi čimbenik, drugi kontrast,
08:22
a slave back then is worth
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robovi tada su vrijedili
08:24
about $40,000
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oko 40.000 US$
08:26
in today's money.
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današnjeg novca.
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
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Danas, možete kupiti curicu
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
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za nekoliko stotina dolara,
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
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što znači da je dostupnija.
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
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Ali znate, napravljen je napredak
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
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na mjestima poput Kambodže i Tajlanda.
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
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Ne moramo čekati svijet
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
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u kojem se djevojke kupuju i prodaju ili ubijaju.
08:46
The second item on the agenda
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Druga stvar na agendi
08:48
is maternal mortality.
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jest smrtnost majki.
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
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Znate, rođenje djeteta u tim dijelovima svijeta
08:54
is a wonderful event.
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je prekrasan događaj.
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
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U Nigeru, jedna od sedam žena
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
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može očekivati da će umrijeti tijekom poroda.
09:02
Around the world,
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Širom svijeta,
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
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svaku minutu i pol jedna žena umre od posljedica poroda.
09:08
You know, it's not as though
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Znate, nije da
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
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nemamo tehnološka rješenja,
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
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ali te žene imaju tri otežavajuće okolnosti:
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
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siromašne su, dolaze iz ruralnih područja
09:18
and they are female.
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i žene su.
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
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Znate, na svaku ženu koja umre,
09:23
there are 20 who survive
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postoji njih 20 koje prežive
09:25
but end up with an injury.
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ali s ranama.
09:27
And the most devastating injury
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A najrazornija rana
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
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je porodiljska fistula.
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
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To je kidanje prilikom poroda
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
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koje ostavlja žene nesposobnima da se kontroliraju.
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
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Dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o Mahabuba-i.
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
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Ona živi u Etiopiji.
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
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Udala se protiv svoje volje s 13 godina.
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
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Zatrudnjela je, otrčala u grmlje da bi se porodila,
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
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ali znate, njeno tijelo je bilo nezrelo,
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
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i završila je s ometenim porodom.
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
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Beba je umrla, a ona je završila s fistulom.
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
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To znači da je ona postala inkontinentna;
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
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nije više mogla kontrolirati svoju funkciju izlučivanja.
10:00
In a word, she stank.
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Drugim riječima, smrdjela je.
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
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Suseljani su mislili kako je prokleta; nisu znali što bi s njom.
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
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Na kraju, su je stavili u kolibu na rub sela.
10:08
They ripped off the door
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Strgali su joj vrata
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
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kako bi je se hijene dočepale tijekom noći.
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
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Te noći, imala je štap u svojoj kolibi.
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
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Obranila se od hijena tim štapom.
10:19
And the next morning,
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I slijedeće jutro,
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
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znala je ako se može dočepati drugog sela sa stranom misijom,
10:24
she would be saved.
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mogla je biti spašena.
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
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Zbog toga što je imala nekakvo oštećenje živaca,
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
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puzala je cijelim putem -- nekih 50ak kilometara --
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
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do tog praga, polumrtva.
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
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Strani misionari su otvorili vrata,
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
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znali su točno što se dogodilo,
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
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odveli su je do obližnje bolnice u Addis Ababa-i,
10:41
and she was repaired
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i tamo su je izliječili
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
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s operacijom od 350 US$.
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
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Tamošnji doktori i sestre su primjetili
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
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da ona nije samo borac,
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
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bila je također jako pametna, i od nje su napravili sestru.
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
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Tako sada, Mahabuba,
10:55
she is saving the lives
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ona spašava živote
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
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stotinama, tisućama, žena.
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
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Ona je postala dio rješenja, a ne problema.
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
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Izvukla se iz začaranog kruga
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
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i uvukla se u krug čestitosti.
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
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Govorila sam o nekim izazovima,
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
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dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o rješenjima,
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
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a tu postoje predvidiva rješenja.
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
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Nagovijestila sam ih: obrazovanje
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
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i također ekonomska prilika.
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
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Tako naravno, kada educirate curu,
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
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ona ima želju udati se kasnije u životu,
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
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želi imati djecu kasnije u životu, ona želi imati manje djece,
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
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i ta djeca koju će imati,
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
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obrazovati će ih na prosvjetljeniji način.
11:31
With economic opportunity,
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S ekonomskom prilikom,
11:33
it can be transformative.
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to može biti transformativno.
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
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Dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o Saima-i.
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ona živa u malom selu izvan Lahore-a, Pakistan.
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
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I u to vrijeme, ona je bila očajna.
11:43
She was beaten every single day
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Bila je pretučena svaki dan
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
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od strane muža, koji je bio nezaposlen.
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
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On je bio neka vrsta kockara -- i nezaposlen, stoga --
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
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je dio svoje frustracije iskaljivao na njoj.
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
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Kada je dobila drugu kćer,
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
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njena svekrva je rekla sinu,
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
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"Mislim da bi trebao uzeti drugu ženu.
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
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Saima ti neće dati sina."
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
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To je bilo kada je dobila svoju drugu kćer.
12:05
At the time, there was
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U to vrijeme, bila je
12:07
a microlending group in the village
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grupa za mikrokreditiranje u selu
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
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koja joj je dala zajam od 65 US$.
12:12
Saima took that money,
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Saima je uzela taj novac,
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
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i započela s poslom vezenja.
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
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Trgovci su voljeli ono što je radila; prodavalo se jako dobro,
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
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i oni su nastavili tražiti još.
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
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I kada više nije mogla proizvesti dovoljno,
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
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zaposlila je druge žene iz sela.
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
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Jako brzo je imala 30 žena iz sela
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
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koje su radile u poslu vezenja.
12:31
And then,
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I onda,
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
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kada je trebala prevesti su to robu koju su izvezle
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
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od sela do tržnice,
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
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trebala je nekoga tko će joj pomoći oko transporta,
12:40
so she hired her husband.
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tako je uposlila svog muža.
12:42
So now they're in it together.
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Sada su u tome zajedno.
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
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On se brine o transportu i distribuciji,
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
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a ona o proizvodnji i nabavi.
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
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I sada imaju treću kćerku,
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
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a kćeri, sve uče i obrazuju se
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
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jer Saima zna što je stvarno važno.
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
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Što me dovodi do konačnog elementa, a to je obrazovanje.
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
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Larry Summers, kada je bio glavni ekonomist Svjetske banke,
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
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jednom je izjavio, "Možda je
13:07
that the highest return on investment
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najveća stopa povrata na investiciju
13:09
in the developing world
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u zemljama u razvoju
13:11
is in girls' education."
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u obrazovanju djevojčica."
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
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Dozvolite mi da vam ispričam o Beatrice Birra-i.
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
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Beatrice je živjela u Ugandi,
13:19
near the Congo border,
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blizu granice s Kongom.
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
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i kao Dai Manju, nije išla u školu.
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
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U stvari, ona nikada nije niti bila u školi,
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
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niti najmanje, niti jedan dan.
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
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Njeni roditelji, su opet, rekli,
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
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"Zašto bismo trošili novce na nju?
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
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Većinu života će ionako provesti tegleći vodu naprijed, nazad."
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
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I tako se dogodilo, u to vrijeme,
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
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postojala je grupa u Connecticut-u
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
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koja se zvala Niantic Community Church Group u Connecticut-u.
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
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Oni su dali donaciju jednoj organizaciji
13:46
based in Arkansas
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iz Arkansas-a
13:48
called Heifer International.
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koja se zvala Heifer International.
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
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Heifer je poslao dvije koze u Afriku.
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
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Jedna od njih završila je kod roditelja od Beatrice.
13:56
and that goat had twins.
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I ta je koza imala blizance.
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
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Blizanci su započeli proizvoditi mlijeko.
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
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Prodavali su mlijeko za gotovinu.
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
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Gotovine je bilo sve više,
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
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i jako brzo su roditelji rekli,
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
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"Znaš, imamo dovoljno novca. Hajdemo poslati Beatrice u školu."
14:09
So at nine years of age,
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I tako s devet godina,
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
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Beatrice je krenula u prvi razred --
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
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napokon, nikada prije toga nije bila u školi --
14:15
with a six year-old.
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sa šestogodišnjacima.
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
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Bez obzira, ona je bila oduševljena što je u školi.
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
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Bila je u vrhu svog razreda.
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
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Ostala je u vrhu svog razreda
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
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i u osnovnoj i u srednjoj školi,
14:26
and then in high school,
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i onda u srednjoj školi,
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
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imala je sjajan uspjeh na državnom testiranju,
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
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tako je postala prva osoba u njenom selu,
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
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ikada, koja je dospjela u Sjedinjene Države
14:36
on scholarship.
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temeljem stipendije.
14:38
Two years ago,
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Prije dvije godine,
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
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diplomirala je na Connecticut College-u.
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
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Na dan kada je diplomirala,
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
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rekla je, "Ja sam najsretnija živuča cura
14:48
because of a goat."
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zbog koze."
14:50
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:52
And that goat was $120.
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I ta je koza koštala 120 US$.
14:54
So you see how transformative
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Vidite koliko transformativna
14:57
little bits of help can be.
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mala pomoć može biti.
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
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Ali ja vas želim podsjetiti na realnost.
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
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Gledajte: USAID, pomaganje ljudi nije lagano.
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
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I postoje knjige koje su kritizirale USAID.
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
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Tu je knjiga Bill-a Easterly-a.
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
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Tu je knjiga naslova "Mrtva pomoć".
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
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Znate, kritika je pravedna;
15:14
it isn't easy.
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nije lagana.
15:16
You know, people say how
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Znate, ljudi kažu kako
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
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je polovica projekata za čistu vodu, godinu kasnije, propala.
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
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Kada sam bila u Zimbabveu,
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
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obilazili smo selo sa seoskim poglavarom --
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
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on je htio skupiti novac za srednju školu --
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
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i tamo je nedaleko bila nekakva konstrukcija,
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
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te sam rekla, "Što je to?"
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
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On je nešto promrmljao.
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
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Ispalo je kako je to bio propali projekt navodnjavanja.
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
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Nekoliko metara dalje je bio propali kokošinjac.
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
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Jedne godine, sve su kokoši umrle, i nitko više nije želio staviti kokoši tamo.
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
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Istina je, ali mi mislimo kako se prvi mačići ne bacaju u vodu;
15:44
you actually improve.
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pokušate poboljšati stvari.
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
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Učite iz svojih grešaka, i stalno unapređujete.
15:49
We also think that individuals
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Također mislimo kako pojedinci
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
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mogu napraviti razliku, i trebali bi,
15:54
because individuals, together,
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jer pojedinci, zajednički,
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
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mogu pomoći da se kreira pokret.
15:59
And a movement of men and women
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A pokret muškaraca i žena
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
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je ono što je potrebno kako bi se dogodila društvena promjena,
16:03
change that will address
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promjena koja će riješiti
16:06
this great moral challenge.
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taj veliki moralni izazov.
16:08
So then, I ask,
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Dakle, pitam se,
16:11
what's in it for you?
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gdje ste tu vi?
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
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Vjerojatno se pitate. Zašto biste se vi brinuli?
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
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Ostaviti ću vas s dvije stvari.
16:18
One is that research shows
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Jedna je da istraživanja pokazuju
16:21
that once you have
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da jednom kada imate
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
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sve svoje materijalne potrebe zbrinute --
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
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što većina nas, svi mi, u ovoj sobi imamo --
16:29
research shows that
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istraživanja pokazuju kako
16:31
there are very few things in life
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postoji malo stvari u životu
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
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koje u stvari mogu povećati osjećaj sreće.
16:36
One of those things
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Jedna od tih stvari
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
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jest doprinos stvarima koje su veće od nas samih.
16:43
And the second thing,
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I druga stvar.
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
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To je anegdota s kojom ću vas ostaviti.
16:47
And that is the story
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I to je priča
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
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medicinskog radnika u Darfur-u.
16:52
Here was a woman
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Tu je bila žena
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
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koja je radila u Darfur-u,
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
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i vidjela je stvari koje niti jedno ljudsko biće ne bi trebalo vidjeti.
17:00
Throughout her time there,
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Tijekom njezina vremena tamo,
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
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bila je jaka, bila je nepokolebljiva.
17:05
She never broke down.
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Nikada se nije raspala.
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
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I onda se vratila nazad u Sjedinjene Države
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
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i bila je na odmoru, Božićnom odmoru.
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
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Bila je u bakinom dvorištu,
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
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i vidjela je nešto što ju je dovelo do suza.
17:19
What that was
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To je bila
17:21
was a bird feeder.
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hranilica za ptice.
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
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I shvatila je kako ima veliko bogatstvo
17:27
to be born in a country
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da se rodila u zemlji
17:29
where we take security for granted,
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u kojoj sigurnost uzimamo pod normalno,
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
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gdje se ne samo možemo prehraniti, obući
17:34
and house ourselves,
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i udomiti,
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
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već i osigurati hranu za divlje ptice
17:40
so they don't go hungry in the winter.
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tako da nisu gladne preko zime.
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
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I shvatila je da s tako velikim bogatstvom
17:47
comes great responsibility.
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dolazi i velika odgovornost.
17:50
And so, like her,
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I tako, poput nje,
17:53
you, me,
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vi, ja,
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
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svi smo mi dobili lutriju života.
17:58
And so the question becomes:
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A to nas dovodi do pitanja:
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
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kako možemo razriješiti tu odgovornost?
18:03
So, here's the cause.
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Dakle, tu je uzrok.
18:05
Join the movement.
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Pridružite se pokretu.
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
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Osjećajte se sretnijim i pomozite spasiti svijet.
18:10
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam jako puno.
18:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com