TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
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Knjiga Sheryl WuDunn z naslovom ''Half the Sky'' (Polovica neba) raziskuje zatiranje žensk po vsem svetu. Njene zgodbe šokirajo. Le takrat, ko bodo ženske v državah v razvoju imele enak dostop do izobraževalnih in gospodarskih priložnosti, bomo lahko uporabili vse človeške vire.
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
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Svetovni izziv, o katerem želim govoriti danes,
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
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se redkokdaj pojavi na naslovnicah.
00:21
It, however, is enormous
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Vendar je izjemno velik,
00:24
in both scale and importance.
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tako po obsegu kot po pomembnosti.
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
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Vsi ste že veliko potovali;
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
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to je navsezadnje TEDGlobal.
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
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Vseeno upam, da vas odpeljem v kraje,
00:34
you've never been to before.
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ki jih niste še nikoli obiskali.
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
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Tako, začnimo na Kitajskem.
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
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Ta fotografija je bila posneta pred dvema tednoma.
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
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V resnici je deček na ramenih mojega moža
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
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pravkar zaključil srednjo šolo.
00:46
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
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Kakorkoli že, to je Trg nebeškega miru.
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
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Mnogi ste že bili tam. To ni resnična Kitajska.
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
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Naj vas popeljem do resnične Kitajske.
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
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To je v gorah Dabian,
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
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v odročnem delu province Hubei v osrednji Kitajski.
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
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Dai Manju je ob začetku zgodbe stara 13 let.
01:04
She lives with her parents,
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Živi s svojimi starši,
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
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z bratoma in s staro teto.
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
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Živijo v kolibi brez elektrike,
01:11
no running water,
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brez tekoče vode,
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
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brez ure, brez kolesa.
01:15
And they share this great splendor
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In to sijajno razkošje si delijo
01:17
with a very large pig.
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z zelo velikim prašičem.
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
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Ko je bila v 6. razredu, so ji starši rekli:
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
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"Vzeli te bomo iz šole,
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
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ker je 13 dolarjev šolnine preveč za nas.
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
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Do konca življenja boš delala na riževih poljih.
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
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Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zate?"
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
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To se dogaja dekletom v odročnih predelih.
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
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Izkazalo se je, da je bila Dai Manju
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
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najboljša učenka v svojem letniku.
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
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Še vedno je dve uri hodila do šole
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
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in lovila vsak košček informacije,
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
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ki je ušel izza vrat.
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
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O njej smo pisali v New York Timesu.
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
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Dobili smo poplavo prispevkov -
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
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- večinoma čeke v vrednosti 13 dolarjev -
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
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saj so bralci New York Timesa zelo radodarni
01:57
in tiny amounts
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z majhnimi zneski.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
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Nato smo dobili nakazilo
02:04
for $10,000 --
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za 10.000 dolarjev -
02:06
really nice guy.
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zares prijazen možakar.
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
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Denar smo predali gospodu na sliki, ravnatelju šole.
02:11
He was delighted.
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Bil je presrečen.
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
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Pomislil je: "O, lahko prenovim šolo.
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
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Vsem dekletom lahko dam štipendijo."
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
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Saj veste, če so pridne in ostanejo v šoli.
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
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Tako je Dai Manju v bistvu
02:21
finished out middle school.
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dokončala osnovno šolo.
02:23
She went to high school.
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Vpisala se je
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
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v srednjo upravno administrativno šolo.
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
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Začela je iskati službo v provinci Guangdong na jugu.
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
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Našla je službo in začela iskati službe
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
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za sošolke in prijateljice.
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
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Svoji družini je poslala denar.
02:37
They built a new house,
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Zgradili so novo hišo,
02:39
this time with running water,
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tokrat z vodovodom,
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
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z elektriko, s kolesom,
02:43
no pig.
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brez prašiča.
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
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Kar smo videli, je bil naravni poskus.
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
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Redko se zgodi, da dobimo zunanjo investicijo
02:50
in girls' education.
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za šolanje deklet.
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
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Ob večletnem spremljanju Dai Manju smo videli,
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
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da se je uspela premakniti iz začaranega kroga
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
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v uspešen krog.
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
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Ni spremenila samo svoje dinamike,
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
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spremenila je svoje gospodinjstvo, svojo družino, svojo vas.
03:05
The village became a real standout.
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Vas je postala res nekaj izrednega.
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
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Seveda je večina Kitajske takrat napredovala,
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
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a njim je uspelo zgraditi cesto,
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
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ki jih je povezala s preostalo Kitajsko.
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
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Prvo izmed dveh velikih načel
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
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v knjigi Polovica neba
03:21
And that is that
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se glasi:
03:23
the central moral challenge
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Osrednji moralni izziv
03:25
of this century
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tega stoletja
03:27
is gender inequity.
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je neenakost med spoloma.
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
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V 19. stoletju je to bilo suženjstvo.
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
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V 20. stoletju totalitarizem.
03:34
The cause of our time
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Današnji problem je krutost,
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
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ki jo tako veliko ljudi
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
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izkusi po vsem svetu zaradi svojega spola.
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
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Nekateri si morda mislite:
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
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''Presneto, to je hiperbola.
03:45
She's exaggerating."
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Pretirava."
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
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No, naj vas vprašam tole.
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
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Kaj mislite, je na svetu več moških ali žensk?
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
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Naredimo anketo. Koliko vas misli, da je več moških?
03:55
Hands up, please.
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Dvignite roke, prosim.
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
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Nekaj. Koliko vas misli, da je več žensk?
04:00
Okay, most of you.
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V redu, večina.
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
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No, vi v zadnji skupini se motite.
04:04
There are, true enough,
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Več žensk je, to je res,
04:06
in Europe and the West,
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v Evropi in na Zahodu,
04:08
when women and men
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kjer imajo ženske in moški
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
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enak dostop do hrane in zdravstvene oskrbe,
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
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tu je več žensk, živimo dlje.
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
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Toda v večini preostalega sveta ni tako.
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
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Pravzaprav so demografi pokazali,
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
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da manjka
04:21
and 100 million
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med 60 in 100 milijonov žensk
04:23
missing females in the current population.
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v trenutni populaciji.
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
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To, veste, se zgodi iz več razlogov.
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
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Na primer, v zadnji polovici stoletja
04:31
more girls were discriminated to death
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je bilo več deklet diskriminiranih do smrti,
04:34
than all the people killed on all the battlefields
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kot je bilo ubitih ljudi
04:36
in the 20th century.
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na vseh bojiščih v 20. stoletju.
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
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Včasih je vzrok ultrazvok.
04:41
Girls get aborted before they're even born
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Tam, kjer je malo virov,
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
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dekleta splavijo, preden se sploh rodijo.
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
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Dekle na sliki
04:48
is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
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je v centru za oskrbo s hrano v Etiopiji.
04:50
The entire center was filled with girls like her.
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Cel center je bil poln takih deklet.
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
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Presenetljivo je, da so bili njeni bratje
04:56
were totally fine.
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popolnoma v redu.
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
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V Indiji v prvem letu življenja,
05:00
from zero to one,
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od rojstva do prvega leta,
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
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fantki in punčke preživijo v približno enakem razmerju,
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
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saj so odvisni od dojenja
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
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in prsi ne dajejo prednosti sinovom.
05:09
From one to five,
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Od prvega do petega leta
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
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pa je delež smrtnosti deklet
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
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za 50 odstotkov višji od fantov.
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
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Drugo načelo knjige Polovica neba je:
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
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Pustimo ob strani moralo in pravičnost.
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
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Čisto na praktičnem nivoju menimo,
05:27
we think that
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da je en najboljših načinov
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
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za boj proti revščini in terorizmu
05:32
is to educate girls
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izobraževanje deklet
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
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in njihova vključitev v formalno delovno silo.
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
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Revščina, na primer.
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
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Obstajajo trije razlogi, zakaj je tako.
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
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Kot primer, prenaseljenost je eden
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
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od nenehnih vzrokov revščine.
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
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Ko izobraziš dečka,
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
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ima njegova družina običajno manj otrok,
05:50
but only slightly.
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a le neznatno manj.
05:52
When you educate a girl,
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Ko izobraziš deklico,
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
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ima običajno občutno manj otrok.
05:57
The second reason is
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Drugi razlog
06:00
it has to do with spending.
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je povezan z zapravljanjem.
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
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To je majhna, umazana skrivnost revščine.
06:04
which is that,
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Ne samo,
06:06
not only do poor people
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da imajo revni ljudje
06:08
take in very little income,
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zelo malo dohodkov,
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
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tudi tistih dohodkov, ki jih prejmejo,
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
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ne zapravijo preveč modro.
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
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In na žalost večino denarja zapravijo moški.
06:18
So research has shown,
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Raziskava je pokazala,
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
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da ljudje, ki imajo manj kot 2 dolarja na dan -
06:23
one metric of poverty --
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- kar je eno merilo revščine -
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
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dajo 2 odstotka dohodka
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
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v košaro za izobraževanje.
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
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20 odstotkov gre v košaro, ki je kombinacija
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
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alkohola, tobaka, sladkih pijač,
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
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prostitucije in zabav.
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
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Če bi vzeli samo 4 odstotke
06:40
and put it into this basket,
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in jih položili v to košaro,
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
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bi se veliko spremenilo.
06:46
The last reason has to do
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Ta zadnji razlog je povezan s tem,
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
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da so ženske del rešitve, ne problema.
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
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Moramo uporabiti omejene vire.
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
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Škoda je, če ne uporabiš nekoga, kot je Dai Manju.
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
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Bill Gates je to lepo povedal,
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
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ko je potoval skozi Saudovo Arabijo.
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
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Govoril je pred občinstvom, podobnim vam.
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
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Vendar je prostor delila pregrada.
07:06
On this side was men,
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Na eni strani so bili moški,
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
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nato pregrada in na drugi strani ženske.
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
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Nekdo s te strani je vstal in vprašal:
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
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"G. Gates, naš cilj je,
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
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da bi bili ena izmed 10 top držav,
07:17
when it comes to technology.
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kar zadeva tehnologijo.
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
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Mislite, da nam bo uspelo?"
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
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Bill Gates je, medtem ko je opazoval občinstvo, rekel:
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
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"Če ne boste povsem izkoristili polovice virov v državi,
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
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nimate možnosti, da bi prišli med najboljših 10."
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
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Tukaj je Bil Arabski.
07:33
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
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Kako torej izgledajo nekateri
07:37
look like?
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specifični izzivi?
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
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Rekla bi, da je po pomembnosti na vrhu
07:43
is sex trafficking.
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trgovanje z belim blagom.
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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O tem bom povedala samo dve stvari.
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
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Suženjstvo na vrhuncu trgovine s sužnji
07:50
in the 1780s:
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okrog leta 1780:
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
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Okrog 80.000 sužnjev
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
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je bilo prepeljanih iz Afrike v Novi svet.
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
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Zdaj, moderno suženjstvo:
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
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Po okvirni statistiki notranjega ministrstva
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
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je okrog 800.000 ljudi - 10-krat več -
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
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prepeljanih preko mednarodnih meja.
08:10
And that does not even include those
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To niti ne vključuje tistih,
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
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s katerimi trgujejo znotraj meja,
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
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kar predstavlja znaten delež.
08:17
And if you look at
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Poglejmo
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
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še en dejavnik, še eno nasprotje:
08:22
a slave back then is worth
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Suženj je bil v tistih časih vreden
08:24
about $40,000
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okrog 40.000 dolarjev
08:26
in today's money.
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v današnjem denarju.
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
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Danes lahko kupiš dekle
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
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za nekaj sto dolarjev,
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
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kar pomeni, da jo je manj škoda.
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
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Ampak napredek je opazen v državah,
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
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kot sta Kambodža in Tajska.
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
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Ni nam treba sprejemati sveta,
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
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v katerem so dekleta kupljena, prodana ali ubita.
08:46
The second item on the agenda
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Druga pomembna stvar
08:48
is maternal mortality.
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je umrljivost žensk med porodom.
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
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Rojstvo otroka je v tem delu sveta
08:54
is a wonderful event.
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čudovit dogodek.
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
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V Nigru lahko ena od sedmih žensk pričakuje,
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
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da bo umrla med porodom.
09:02
Around the world,
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Po vsem svetu vsako minuto in pol
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
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ena ženska umre med porodom.
09:08
You know, it's not as though
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Veste, ne gre za to,
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
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da ne bi imeli tehnološke rešitve,
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
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a te ženske zadanejo trije udarci:
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
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so revne, živijo na podeželju
09:18
and they are female.
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in so ženske.
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
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Veste, za vsako žensko, ki umre,
09:23
there are 20 who survive
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je 20 takih, ki preživijo,
09:25
but end up with an injury.
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a so poškodovane.
09:27
And the most devastating injury
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In najhujša poškodba
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
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je poporodna fistula.
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
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To je raztrganina med oviranim porodom,
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
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zaradi katere so ženske inkontinentne.
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
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Naj vam povem o Mahabubi.
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
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Živi v Etiopiji.
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
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Proti svoji volji se je morala poročiti pri trinajstih.
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
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Zanosila je, se skrila za grm, da je rodila,
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
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a njeno telo je bilo zelo nezrelo
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
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in porod je bil zelo težek.
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
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Otrok je umrl, ona pa je dobila fistulo.
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
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To je pomenilo, da je bila inkontinentna
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
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in ni mogla zadržati blata in vode.
10:00
In a word, she stank.
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Preprosto, smrdela je.
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
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Vaščani so mislili, da je prekleta; niso vedeli, kaj naj z njo.
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
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Na koncu so jo poslali v barako ob robu vasi.
10:08
They ripped off the door
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Odtrgali so vrata,
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
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da bi jo ponoči napadle hijene.
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
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Tisto noč je bila v koči palica.
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
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Z njo je Mahabuba odgnala hijene.
10:19
And the next morning,
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Naslednje jutro je vedela,
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
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da bo rešena, če ji uspe priti do bližnje vasi,
10:24
she would be saved.
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kjer je živel tuji misijonar.
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
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Ker je imela poškodovane živce,
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
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se je celo pot - 48 km - plazila
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
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do tistega praga, napol mrtva.
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
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Tuji misijonar je odprl vrata
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
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in takoj vedel, kaj se je zgodilo.
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
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Odpeljal jo je v bližnjo bolnišnico v Adis Abebo,
10:41
and she was repaired
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kjer so jo pozdravili
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
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z operacijo, vredno 350 dolarjev.
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
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Zdravniki in sestre so opazili,
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
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da ni le preživela, ampak je bila zelo bistra.
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
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Usposobili so jo za medicinsko sestro.
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
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Tako zdaj Mahabuba
10:55
she is saving the lives
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rešuje življenja
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
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stotin, tisočih žensk.
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
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Postala je del rešitve, ne problema.
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
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Premaknila se je iz začaranega kroga
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
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v uspešen krog.
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
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Govorila sem o nekaterih izzivih,
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
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naj vam povem še o nekaterih rešitvah,
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
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saj obstajajo predvidljive rešitve.
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
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Kot sem že namignila: izobrazba
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
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in tudi gospodarske priložnosti.
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
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Seveda, če izobraziš dekle,
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
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se običajno poroči kasneje v življenju,
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
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ima kasneje otroke, ima manj otrok
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
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in tiste otroke, ki jih ima,
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
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izobrazi na bolj razsvetljen način.
11:31
With economic opportunity,
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Z gospodarsko priložnostjo
11:33
it can be transformative.
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to lahko povzroči spremembe.
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
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Naj vam povem o Saimi.
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
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Živi v vasici blizu Lahoreja v Pakistanu.
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
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Nekoč je bila obupana.
11:43
She was beaten every single day
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Njen mož, ki je bil brez zaposlitve,
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
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jo je vsak dan pretepel.
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
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Bil je hazarder - zato ni dobil zaposlitve -
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
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in svoje frustracije je znašal nad njo.
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
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No, ko se je rodila njuna druga hči,
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
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je njena tašča rekla svojemu sinu:
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
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''Mislim, da bo bolje, če si najdeš drugo ženo.
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
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Saima ti ne bo dala sina.''
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
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To je bilo, ko se je rodila druga hči.
12:05
At the time, there was
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Takrat je bila v vasi skupina,
12:07
a microlending group in the village
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ki je posojala majhne zneske
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
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in ji dala 65 dolarjev vredno posojilo.
12:12
Saima took that money,
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Saima je vzela denar
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
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in se lotila posla z vezenjem.
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
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Vezenine so se dobro prodajale
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
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in trgovci so jih želeli vedno več.
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
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Ko jih sama ni zmogla izdelati dovolj,
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
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je zaposlila druge ženske iz vasi.
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
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Kaj kmalu je 30 žensk iz vasi
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
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delalo zanjo.
12:31
And then,
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Potem ko je bilo treba
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
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prepeljati vezenine
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
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iz vasi do tržnice,
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
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je potrebovala nekoga, ki ji bo pomagal,
12:40
so she hired her husband.
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zato je zaposlila moža.
12:42
So now they're in it together.
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Zdaj sta torej skupaj v tem.
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
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On skrbi za prevoz in prodajo,
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
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ona za proizvodnjo in vire.
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
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Rodila se jima je še tretja hči
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
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in vse tri se izobražujejo,
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
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saj Saima ve, kaj je zares pomembno.
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
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S tem pridemo do zadnjega elementa - izobrazbe.
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
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Ko je bil glavni ekonomist pri Svetovni banki,
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
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je Larry Summers enkrat rekel: ''Možno je,
13:07
that the highest return on investment
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da se največji donos pri vlaganju
13:09
in the developing world
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v države v razvoju
13:11
is in girls' education."
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skriva v izobraževanju deklet.''
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
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Naj vam povem o Beatrice Biira.
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
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Beatrice je živela v Ugandi,
13:19
near the Congo border,
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blizu meje s Kongom
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
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in tako kot Dai Manju ni hodila v šolo.
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
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Pravzaprav ni bila nikoli v šoli,
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
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niti en sam dan.
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
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Tudi njeni starši so rekli:
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
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''Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zanjo?
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
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Večino življenja bo nosila vodo sem in tja.''
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
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No, slučajno je prav takrat
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
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v Connecticutu obstajala skupina,
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
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ki se je imenovala Niantic Community Church Group.
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
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Dali so donacijo
13:46
based in Arkansas
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organizaciji Heifer International,
13:48
called Heifer International.
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ki ima sedež v Arkansasu .
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
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Heifer je v Afriko poslal dve kozi.
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
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Eno so dobili Beatricini starši.
13:56
and that goat had twins.
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Koza je imela dvojčke.
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
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Dvojčici sta začeli proizvajati mleko.
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
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Mleko so prodali.
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
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Denar se je začel nabirati
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
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in kmalu so starši rekli:
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
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''Denarja je dovolj. Pošljimo Beatrice v šolo.''
14:09
So at nine years of age,
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Tako je šla Beatrice
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
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pri devetih letih v prvi razred -
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
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konec koncev, prej ni bila nikoli v šoli -
14:15
with a six year-old.
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skupaj s šestletniki.
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
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A vseeno je bila presrečna, da je bila v šoli.
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
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Hitro je postala najboljša v razredu.
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
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Ostala je najboljša v razredu
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
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skozi celo osnovno šolo
14:26
and then in high school,
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in kasneje v srednji šoli.
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
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Dosegla je izvrstne rezultate na državnih izpitih
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
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in postala prva oseba iz svoje vasi,
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
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ki je kadarkoli dobila štipendijo
14:36
on scholarship.
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za študij v ZDA.
14:38
Two years ago,
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Dve leti nazaj
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
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je diplomirala na Connecticut kolidžu.
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
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Na dan, ko je prejela diplomo,
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
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je rekla: ''Sem najsrečnejše dekle na svetu
14:48
because of a goat."
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zaradi koze.''
14:50
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
14:52
And that goat was $120.
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In tista koza je stala 120 dolarjev.
14:54
So you see how transformative
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Tako vidite, kakšno spremembo lahko povzročijo
14:57
little bits of help can be.
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majhni delčki pomoči.
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
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A vrnimo se k realnosti.
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
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USAID je Agencija za mednarodno pomoč, a pomagati ni enostavno.
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
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Obstajajo knjige, ki kritizirajo USAID.
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
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Bill Easterly je napisal eno.
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
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Obstaja knjiga ''Dead Aid'' (Mrtva pomoč).
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
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Veste, kritike so poštene,
15:14
it isn't easy.
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ni enostavno.
15:16
You know, people say how
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Veste, ljudje rečejo,
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
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kako je polovica projektov gradnje vodnjakov propadla.
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
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Ko sem bila v Zimbabveju,
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
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smo si ogledovali vas z lokalnim poglavarjem,
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
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ki je hotel zbrati denar za srednjo šolo.
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
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V bližini smo opazili gradbišče.
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
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Vprašala sem: ''Kaj je to?''
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
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V odgovor je nekaj zamomljal.
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
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Izkazalo se je, da gre za propadel projekt za namakanje.
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
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Nekaj metrov stran je bil propadel kurnik.
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
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Eno leto so kokoši pomrle in nihče jih ni hotel več naseliti tja.
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
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Menimo, da zaradi tega ne smemo zavreči vseh projektov,
15:44
you actually improve.
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ampak se moramo izboljšati.
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
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Učimo se na napakah in se nenehno izboljšujemo.
15:49
We also think that individuals
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Mislimo tudi, da lahko posamezniki
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
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veliko spremenijo, in morali bi,
15:54
because individuals, together,
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saj lahko posamezniki
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
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ustvarimo gibanje.
15:59
And a movement of men and women
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Gibanje moških in žensk
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
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je potrebno za družbene spremembe,
16:03
change that will address
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ki se bodo lotile
16:06
this great moral challenge.
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tega velikega moralnega izziva.
16:08
So then, I ask,
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Tako, vprašanje je,
16:11
what's in it for you?
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kaj to prinaša vam?
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
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Verjetno se sprašujete, zakaj bi vas brigalo.
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
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Povedala bom samo dve stvari.
16:18
One is that research shows
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Prva je ta, da so raziskave pokazale,
16:21
that once you have
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da ko poskrbimo
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
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za vse svoje materialne potrebe -
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
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kar velja za vse nas v tej sobi -
16:29
research shows that
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raziskave so torej pokazale,
16:31
there are very few things in life
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da je zelo malo reči v življenju,
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
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ki lahko dejansko dvignejo naš nivo sreče.
16:36
One of those things
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Ena teh reči je prispevanje k cilju,
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
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večjemu od sebe.
16:43
And the second thing,
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Druga stvar je anekdota,
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
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s katero bom zaključila.
16:47
And that is the story
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To je zgodba
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
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humanitarne delavke v Darfurju.
16:52
Here was a woman
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Ta ženska je delala v Darfurju
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
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in videla stvari,
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
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ki jih nobeno človeško bitje ne bi smelo videti.
17:00
Throughout her time there,
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Med tamkajšnjim bivanjem
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
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je bila močna, neomajna.
17:05
She never broke down.
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Ni se zlomila.
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
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Nato se je vrnila v ZDA.
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
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Bilo je v času božičnih počitnic.
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
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Stala je na dvorišču svoje babice
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
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in videla nekaj, kar jo je spravilo v jok.
17:19
What that was
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Videla je
17:21
was a bird feeder.
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ptičjo hranilnico.
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
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Spoznala je, da ima veliko srečo,
17:27
to be born in a country
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da se je rodila v državi,
17:29
where we take security for granted,
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kjer je varnost samoumevna,
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
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kjer lahko prehranjujemo, oblačimo
17:34
and house ourselves,
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in nastanimo ne samo sebe,
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
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ampak poskrbimo tudi za divje ptice,
17:40
so they don't go hungry in the winter.
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da niso lačne med hudo zimo.
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
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In spoznala je, da velika sreča
17:47
comes great responsibility.
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prinaša tudi veliko odgovornost.
17:50
And so, like her,
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Tako kot ona,
17:53
you, me,
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smo tudi vi in jaz
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
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zadeli na loteriji življenja.
17:58
And so the question becomes:
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In tako se postavi vprašanje:
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
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Kako naj prevzamemo odgovornost?
18:03
So, here's the cause.
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Tako, to je naš namen.
18:05
Join the movement.
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Pridružite se gibanju.
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
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Bodite srečnejši in pomagajte rešiti svet.
18:10
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
18:12
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com