ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Ziyah Gafić: Everyday objects, tragic histories

齐亚·加非克: 日常的用品,悲剧的历史

Filmed:
1,040,925 views

齐亚·加非克拍摄日常用品——手表,鞋子,眼镜。这些照片看似平常;但这些物品都是从波斯尼亚战争中的万人冢中挖掘出来的。加非克作为一个TED研究员和一个土生土长的萨拉热窝人,为了给那些身份不明的牺牲者创造一个活生生的档案,拍下了每一件坟墓里的物品。
- Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
These are simple简单 objects对象:
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这些都是普通的物品:
00:14
clocks时钟, keys按键, combs梳子, glasses眼镜.
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钟,钥匙,梳子,眼镜。
00:18
They are the things the victims受害者 of genocide种族灭绝 in Bosnia波斯尼亚
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这些是波斯尼亚大屠杀受害者
00:20
carried携带的 with them on their final最后 journey旅程.
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在他们最后旅程携带的东西。
00:23
We are all familiar with these mundane平凡,
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我们都非常熟悉这些平凡的
00:26
everyday每天 objects对象.
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日常用品。
00:27
The fact事实 that some of the victims受害者 carried携带的
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一些受害者携带
00:29
personal个人 items项目 such这样 as
toothpaste牙膏 and a toothbrush牙刷
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个人用品像是牙膏和牙刷的事实
00:32
is a clear明确 sign标志 they had no idea理念
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是一个清晰的标志,他们完全不知道
00:35
what was about to happen发生 to them.
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将要发生在他们身上的事情。
00:37
Usually平时, they were told that they were going to be
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通常,他们会被告知他们将会
00:39
exchanged交换 for prisoners囚犯 of war战争.
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被当作战俘交换。
00:42
These items项目 have been recovered恢复
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这些物品是从我的祖国
00:44
from numerous众多 mass graves坟墓 across横过 my homeland家园,
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为数众多的万人塚中寻回的,
00:47
and as we speak说话, forensics取证 are exhuming掘出 bodies身体
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就如我们所说,法医专家们正在
00:49
from newly discovered发现 mass graves坟墓,
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从新发现的万人塚中掘出遗体
00:51
20 years年份 after the war战争.
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这已是战后二十年。
00:53
And it is quite相当 possibly或者 the largest最大 ever discovered发现.
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而且这极有可能是有史以来发现的最大的一个。
00:57
During the four years年份 of conflict冲突
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在四年的冲突,
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that devastated满目疮痍 the Bosnian波斯尼亚 nation国家 in the early '90s,
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在90年代的中期,毁灭了波斯尼亚国
01:02
approximately 30,000 citizens公民, mainly主要 civilians老百姓,
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大约30,000名公民,主要是平民
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went missing失踪, presumed假定 killed杀害,
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失踪,被认定死亡
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and another另一个 100,000 were killed杀害
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另外的100,000人
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during combat战斗 operations操作.
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在战斗行动中被杀害。
01:11
Most of them were killed杀害
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他们中的很多人被杀
01:13
either in the early days of the war战争
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要么是在战争早期,
01:14
or towards the end结束 of the hostilities敌对行动,
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或者在敌对行动的尾声,
01:16
when U.N. safe安全 zones like Srebrenica斯雷布雷尼察
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当像斯雷布雷尼察这样的联合国安全区
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fell下跌 into the hands of the Serb塞尔维亚 army军队.
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落入塞族军队之手的时候。
01:22
The international国际 criminal刑事 tribunal法庭
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国际刑事法庭
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delivered交付 a number of sentences句子
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判决了若干
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for crimes犯罪 against反对 humanity人性 and genocide种族灭绝.
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针对人道主义和种族屠杀的罪名。
01:29
Genocide种族灭绝 is a systematic系统的 and deliberate商榷
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种族大屠杀是一种系统地并且蓄意地
01:32
destruction毁坏 of a racial种族, political政治, religious宗教
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对一个种族,党派,信仰
01:36
or ethnic民族 group.
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或者人种的毁灭。
01:37
As much as genocide种族灭绝 is about killing谋杀.
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种族大屠杀不单止是关于杀戮,
01:40
It is also about destroying销毁 their property属性,
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它还是关于摧毁他们的财产,
01:43
their cultural文化 heritage遗产,
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他们的文化遗产,
01:45
and ultimately最终 the very notion概念 that they ever existed存在.
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以及最终抹杀他们曾经存在过的观念。
01:48
Genocide种族灭绝 is not only about the killing谋杀;
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种族大屠杀不只是关于杀戮;
01:51
it is about the denied否认 identity身分.
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它是关于否认身份。
01:54
There are always traces痕迹
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永远都有踪迹可循——
01:55
no such这样 thing as a perfect完善 crime犯罪.
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世上没有完美的犯罪。
01:57
There are always remnants残余 of the perished遇难 ones那些
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总是有一些遇难者的遗物
02:00
that are more durable耐用 than their fragile脆弱 bodies身体
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远比主人脆弱的身体坚固,
02:02
and our selective可选择的 and fading衰退 memory记忆 of them.
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以及我们对他们选择及褪色的记忆。
02:06
These items项目 are recovered恢复
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这些物品,
02:09
from numerous众多 mass graves坟墓,
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从众多的万人塚里被挖掘出来,
02:10
and the main主要 goal目标 of this collection采集 of the items项目
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收集这些物品的主要目的
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is a unique独特 process处理
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是一个独特的过程,
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of identifying识别 those who disappeared消失 in the killings杀人,
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来验明那些在大屠杀中消失者的身份,
02:18
the first act法案 of genocide种族灭绝 on European欧洲的 soil
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这是欧洲大陆之上的第一起种族灭绝事件,
02:21
since以来 the Holocaust大屠杀.
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自犹太人大屠杀之后。
02:22
Not a single body身体 should remain undiscovered未被发现
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没有一具遗体应该不被发现
02:25
or unidentified未确认的.
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或者被辨明身份。
02:27
Once一旦 recovered恢复,
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一旦被挖掘出来,
02:28
these items项目 that the victims受害者 carried携带的 with them
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这些受害者带着
02:31
on their way to execution执行
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陪他们走上刑场的物品,
02:33
are carefully小心 cleaned清洗, analyzed分析,
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被仔细地清洗,分析,
02:35
catalogued编目 and stored存储.
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分类以及储存。
02:37
Thousands成千上万 of artifacts文物 are
packed打包 in white白色 plastic塑料 bags包装袋
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成千上万的出土物被包在白色的塑料袋中,
02:40
just like the ones那些 you see on CSICSI.
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就像你在CSI犯罪现场里看到的那样。
02:43
These objects对象 are used as a forensic法庭的 tool工具
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这些物品被用作
02:45
in visual视觉 identification鉴定 of the victims受害者,
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视觉识别受害者的法医鉴定工具,
02:48
but they are also used as
very valuable有价值 forensic法庭的 evidence证据
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但是它们也被当作非常有价值的法医证据,
02:51
in the ongoing不断的 war战争 crimes犯罪 trials试验.
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在持续进行的战犯审判呈堂。
02:54
Survivors幸存者 are occasionally偶尔 called
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幸存者偶尔会被传召
02:56
to try to identify鉴定 these items项目 physically物理,
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去试图亲自辨认这些物品,
02:59
but physical物理 browsing浏览 is extremely非常 difficult,
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但是亲自浏览极其困难,
03:02
an ineffective不灵 and painful痛苦 process处理.
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一个既无效又痛苦的过程。
03:05
Once一旦 the forensics取证 and doctors医生 and lawyers律师
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一旦法医人员,医生,以及律师
03:09
are doneDONE with these objects对象,
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不再需要这些物品,
03:10
they become成为 orphans孤儿 of the narrative叙述.
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它们变成了这些故事的孤儿。
03:13
Many许多 of them get destroyed销毁, believe it or not,
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它们很多都被销毁,信不信由你,
03:16
or they get simply只是 shelved搁置,
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或者束之高阁,
03:17
out of sight视力 and out of mind心神.
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眼不见为净。
03:20
I decided决定 a few少数 years年份 ago
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我数年前决定了
03:22
to photograph照片 every一切 single exhumed挖出 item项目
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去拍摄每一件被挖掘出来的物品,
03:25
in order订购 to create创建 a visual视觉 archive档案
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为了创造一个视像档案馆
03:27
that survivors幸存者 could easily容易 browse浏览.
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让幸存者很容易地浏览。
03:30
As a storyteller说故事的人, I like to give back to the community社区.
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作为一个讲故事的人,我喜欢回馈社区。
03:34
I like to move移动 beyond raising提高 awareness意识.
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我喜欢做超越唤醒意识的事情。
03:37
And in this case案件, someone有人 may可能
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假若这样,有人或许能够
03:39
recognize认识 these items项目
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辨认出这些物品
03:41
or at least最小 their photographs照片 will remain
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或者至少它们的照片将会保存
03:43
as a permanent常驻, unbiased不偏不倚 and accurate准确 reminder提醒
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成为一个永久的,不偏不倚的,以及准确的纪念
03:47
of what happened发生.
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去提醒我们发生了什么事情。
03:49
Photography摄影 is about empathy同情,
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摄影是有关于同理心,
03:51
and the familiarity熟悉 of these
items项目 guarantee保证 empathy同情.
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而这些熟悉的物品保证了同理心的产生。
03:54
In this case案件, I am merely仅仅 a tool工具,
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在这种情况下,我仅仅只是一个工具,
03:57
a forensic法庭的, if you like,
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一个法医鉴定人员,如果你愿意这样称呼我,
03:59
and the result结果 is a photography摄影 that is as close
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而结果是拍摄出尽可能
04:01
as possible可能 of being存在 a document文件.
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写实的文物照片。
04:04
Once一旦 all the missing失踪 persons are identified确定,
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一旦所有的失踪人员被识别,
04:07
only decaying衰减 bodies身体 in their graves坟墓
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只有在他们的坟墓里腐化的尸体
04:09
and these everyday每天 items项目 will remain.
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以及他们的日常物品会留下。
04:11
In all their simplicity简单,
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就是因为它们很普通,
04:13
these items项目 are the last testament遗嘱
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这些物品是最后的遗嘱,
04:15
to the identity身分 of the victims受害者,
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证明着受害者的身份,
04:17
the last permanent常驻 reminder提醒
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是最后的永恒的提醒,
04:19
that these people ever existed存在.
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这些人们曾经存在过。
04:21
Thank you very much.
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谢谢。
04:23
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Weiqi (Vickie) Huang
Reviewed by Vivian Tsai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ziyah Gafić - Photographer + storyteller
To help him come to terms with the tragedy of his own homeland, Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić turns his camera on the aftermath of conflict, showing his images in galleries, in books and on Instagram.

Why you should listen

Ziyah Gafić uses his camera to capture the aftermath of war. He has traveled to Pakistan, Iraq and Chechnya to capture beautiful portraits of people carrying on with their lives in the face of destruction; he has photographed the everyday lives of children in Rwanda, a generation born from the widespread use of rape as a weapon during the Rwandan genocide. A moving question runs through his work: After war, how do people manage to keep the fabric of society together?

Gafić's interest in this subject comes from his own biography. Born in Sarajevo, he was a teenager during the Bosnian War of the 1990s. Through photography, he parses what happened in his homeland. For his book Quest for Identity, Gafić photographed the watches, keys, shoes, combs and glasses exhumed from mass graves 20 years after the Bosnian War. These objects are cleaned, catalogued and used to help identify the bodies found with them, but afterwards, they become what Gafić calls “orphans of the narrative,” either destroyed or stored away out of sight and out of mind. His quest is to keep them in view as a last testament to the fact that these people existed, preserving them as an easily accessible visual archive that tells the story of what happened—integrating an objective forensic perspective with human compassion.

More profile about the speaker
Ziyah Gafić | Speaker | TED.com

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