Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
بولا هاموند: سلاح قوي خارق في مكافحة السرطان
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
أخرى مراراً وتكراراً،
and drug-resistant ones,
الأدوية والعقاقير،
لعلاجها.
forms of cancer.
عدوانية.
how to address relatively well
ومعالجتها بشكل جيد نسبياً
drugs and surgery.
والناشئة.
مرة أخرى،
very aggressive forms of cancer
السرطانية العدوانية
الخارقة في كتاب فكاهي.
from a genetic mutation.
inside these tumor cells
هذه الخلايا السرطانية
and unimagined modes of survival,
جديدة من البقاء،
الجين للخلية،
in which a gene allows a cell,
spits out the drug.
الخارج بفعالية.
of the many genetic tricks
الجينية
with incredible superpowers.
لا يُمكن تخيلها.
mode of attack.
known as siRNA.
المعروفة كسيرنا.
قصيرة من الشفرة الوراثية
can turn off a specific gene
إيقاف جين معين
these gene blockers in medicine.
الجينات هذه في الطب.
or our tissues,
أو في أنسجتنا،
through its journey through the body
خلال رحلتها في الجسم
داخل الخلية السرطانية.
inside the cancer cell.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
المانع الجيني-
to get through the bloodstream,
ليدخل مجرى الدم،
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
ليخترق أنسجة الورم.
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
الخلية السرطانية.
the size of a human hair.
شعر الإنسان.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
بناء هذا الجسيم النانوي المتناهي الصغر
with the nanoparticle core.
الجسيم النانوي.
the chemotherapy drug.
تحتوي على عقار العلاج الكيماوي.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
إلى إنهاء حياة الخلية السرطانية.
نانومتر من السيرنا.
negatively charged,
سلبية.
of positively charged polymer.
الجزيئي (بوليمر).
molecules stick together
للجزئيئات معاً
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
في مجرى الدم.
we have to think about.
علينا التفكير حولها.
obstacle of all.
needs to be targeted,
to the supervillain cells
للخلايا السرطانية الخارقة.
immune-defense system:
المناعي الطبيعي:
is considered a foreign object.
الصغر جسم غريب.
past the tumor defense system.
النظام الدفاعي للورم.
of getting rid of the foreign object
من الجسم الغريب
negatively charged layer
سلبية الشحن
of the naturally charged,
بشكل طبيعي،
that resides in our body.
في أجسامنا.
around the nanoparticle
حول الجسيم النانوي متناهي الصغر
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
المتناهي الصغر
ليصل الورم،
السرطانية.
takes up the nanoparticle,
النانوي المتناهي الصغر،
inside the cancer cell
الخلية السرطانية
and block those survival genes.
الجينات التي بقيت على قيد الحياة.
those genetic superpowers.
تمّ تعطيلها وإصابتها بالعجز.
with no special defenses.
نظام دفاعي خاص.
comes out of the core
النواة
cleanly and efficiently.
وفعالية.
different kinds of mutations,
من الطفرات الجينية،
particles in animals
على الحيوانات
of triple-negative breast cancer.
سرطان الثدي الثلاثي السلبي.
exhibits the gene
الجين
as soon as it is delivered.
يتمُ حقنه.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
- دعونا نسميه دوكس-
for breast cancer.
لسرطان الثدي.
with a dox core, dox only.
دوكس فقط لا غير.
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
القوي الخارق.
against the chemo pump,
ضد تدفق العلاج الكيماوي،
النواة.
did the tumors stop growing,
توقفت الأورام عن النمو،
is that it can be personalized.
يمكنها أن تناسب الطبيعة البشرية.
and tumor defense mechanisms.
الدفاع الخاصة بالأورام.
into the nanoparticle core.
نواة الجسيم النانوي متناهي الصغر.
المرضى
tumor genetic types,
can benefit from this strategy
الذين يُمكن لهم الإستفادة من هذه الخطة
a special chord with me.
وشعور خاص معي.
at very late stages,
جداً،
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
من المرضى.
in a drug-resistant form.
supervillains out there.
الموجودة هناك
الخارق
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
وابنتها بيج.
by the optimism and strength
about the different technologies
المختلفة
about these efforts
really elegant science.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
نحو حياتهم المهنية.
health problems in the world --
disorders, infectious disease --
والأمراض المعدية --
found a way to open doors for me,
الأبواب لي،
that of molecules,
والدقة للجزئيات،
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com