Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Uma nova superarma na luta contra o cancro
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
que voltam vezes sem conta,
and drug-resistant ones,
e os que resistem às drogas,
com as melhores drogas que temos.
novas formas entusiasmantes
forms of cancer.
mais agressivas do cancro.
how to address relatively well
a tratar relativamente bem
drugs and surgery.
conhecidas e estabilizadas.
very aggressive forms of cancer
muito agressivas de cancro
dum história de banda desenhada.
dos supervilões dos nossos dias,
from a genetic mutation.
provêm duma mutação genética.
inside these tumor cells
no interior das células deste tumor
and unimagined modes of survival,
inimagináveis de sobrevivência,
de quimioterapia.
in which a gene allows a cell,
em que um gene permite que uma célula,
spits out the drug.
of the many genetic tricks
das muitas artimanhas genéticas
with incredible superpowers.
com superpoderes incríveis.
mode of attack.
novo e poderoso.
known as siRNA.
conhecidas por siRNA.
de código genético
um determinado gene.
can turn off a specific gene
pode desligar um gene específico
depois desta descoberta,
these gene blockers in medicine.
estes bloqueadores de genes.
no interior da célula.
or our tissues,
ou nos tecidos,
through its journey through the body
durante toda a viagem pelo corpo
inside the cancer cell.
no interior da célula cancerosa.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
o gene bloqueador, à célula cancerosa
para entrar na corrente sanguínea,
to get through the bloodstream,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
para penetrar no tecido do tumor,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
para penetrar na célula cancerosa.
the size of a human hair.
de um centésimo dum cabelo humano.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
como construímos esta nanopartícula.
with the nanoparticle core.
com o núcleo da nanopartícula.
the chemotherapy drug.
a droga da quimioterapia.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
com a vida da célula do tumor.
de nanómetros, de siRNA.
negatively charged,
of positively charged polymer.
de um polímero com carga positiva.
molecules stick together
ficam coladas,
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
se degrade na corrente sanguínea.
we have to think about.
em que temos que pensar.
obstacle of all.
é o maior obstáculo de todos.
needs to be targeted,
precisa de ser direcionada,
to the supervillain cells
para as células malignas
immune-defense system:
imuno-defensivo natural:
is considered a foreign object.
é considerada um objeto estranho.
past the tumor defense system.
por entre o sistema de defesa do tumor.
of getting rid of the foreign object
por esse mecanismo
negatively charged layer
mais uma camada de carga negativa
of the naturally charged,
é um dos polissacarídeos
that resides in our body.
que residem no nosso corpo.
around the nanoparticle
em volta da nanopartícula
cloaking effect.
de capa de invisibilidade.
permite que a nanopartícula
the nanoparticle
para chegar ao tumor
à célula do tumor.
takes up the nanoparticle,
agarra na nanopartícula
inside the cancer cell
no interior da célula cancerosa
and block those survival genes.
e bloquear os genes sobreviventes.
those genetic superpowers.
já estão fora de ação.
with no special defenses.
sem defesas especiais.
comes out of the core
sai do núcleo
cleanly and efficiently.
de modo limpo e eficaz.
different kinds of mutations,
diferentes de mutações,
de erradicar tumores,
particles in animals
de nano-estrutura em animais
of triple-negative breast cancer.
de cancro da mama triplamente negativo.
exhibits the gene
triplamente negative exibe o gene
as soon as it is delivered.
logo que ela é ministrada.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
— chamemos-lhe "dox" — a droga
for breast cancer.
do cancro da mama.
with a dox core, dox only.
com um núcleo de dox, dox apenas.
over a period of two weeks.
durante um período de duas semanas.
our combination superweapon.
a nossa superarma combinada.
against the chemo pump,
contra a bomba química,
did the tumors stop growing,
que os tumores deixaram de crescer
is that it can be personalized.
é que pode ser personalizada.
muitas camadas diferentes de siRNA
and tumor defense mechanisms.
e mecanismos de defesa de tumores.
into the nanoparticle core.
no núcleo da nanopartícula.
a testar os doentes
tumor genetic types,
tipos genéticos de tumores,
can benefit from this strategy
beneficiar desta estratégia
que podemos usar.
a special chord with me.
vibra em mim uma corda especial.
at very late stages,
em fases muito tardias,
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
resistente às drogas.
supervillains out there.
sobrevivente dum cancro do ovário.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
pelo otimismo e força
about the different technologies
das diversas tecnologias
about these efforts
que ouvir falar destes esforços
really elegant science.
de criar uma ciência elegante,
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
avançam nas suas carreiras,
health problems in the world --
problemas de saúde mundiais
disorders, infectious disease --
os distúrbios neurológicos,
encontrou forma de me abrir algumas portas
found a way to open doors for me,
that of molecules,
a das moléculas,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com