Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Una nueva súper-arma en la lucha contra el cáncer
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
regresa una y otra vez,
a los medicamentos,
and drug-resistant ones,
nuestras mejores medicinas.
e interesantes maneras
más agresivas de cáncer.
forms of cancer.
a tratar relativamente bien
how to address relatively well
bien definidas y establecidas.
drugs and surgery.
un tratamiento agresivo.
very aggressive forms of cancer
agresivas de cáncer
de las historietas.
los súper-villanos hoy en día
from a genetic mutation.
de una mutación genética.
inside these tumor cells
de esas células del tumor
e inimaginables maneras de sobrevivir,
and unimagined modes of survival,
a la célula cancerígena
tratamientos de quimioterapia.
in which a gene allows a cell,
un gen permite a la célula,
se acercan a la célula,
efectivamente el medicamento.
spits out the drug.
of the many genetic tricks
de los muchos trucos genéticos
súper-villano, el cáncer.
with incredible superpowers.
con increíbles superpoderes.
y poderosa para atacarlo.
mode of attack.
known as siRNA.
conocidas como ARNip.
de código genético
a bloquear cierto gen.
can turn off a specific gene
apagar un gen específico
these gene blockers in medicine.
genes bloqueadores en medicina.
dentro de la célula,
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
en su viaje por el cuerpo
dentro de la célula de cáncer.
inside the cancer cell.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
el gen bloqueador, el ARNip,
con la medicina química.
el torrente sanguíneo.
pequeña para ir por la sangre,
to get through the bloodstream,
el tejido cancerígeno
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
dentro de la célula de cáncer.
del tamaño de un cabello.
the size of a human hair.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
esta nanopartícula.
with the nanoparticle core.
núcleo de la nanopartícula.
the chemotherapy drug.
el fármaco de la quimioterapia.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
ponemos una cubierta muy fina
negatively charged,
of positively charged polymer.
molecules stick together
permanecen unidas
with a protective layer
en el flujo sanguíneo.
from degrading in the bloodstream.
que hay que superar.
we have to think about.
el más grande de todos.
obstacle of all.
tiene que apuntarse,
needs to be targeted,
a las células súper-villanas
to the supervillain cells
inmune natural de defensa:
immune-defense system:
se considera un objeto extraño.
is considered a foreign object.
past the tumor defense system.
por el sistema de defensa del tumor.
que elimina los objetos extraños,
of getting rid of the foreign object
cargada negativamente
negatively charged layer
of the naturally charged,
cargada naturalmente,
que está en nuestro cuerpo.
that resides in our body.
around the nanoparticle
alrededor de la nanopartícula
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
nos permite que la nanopartícula
como para llegar al tumor
a las células del tumor.
takes up the nanoparticle,
absorbe la nanopartícula
inside the cancer cell
y bloquear los genes que sobreviven.
and block those survival genes.
those genetic superpowers.
esos superpoderes genéticos.
with no special defenses.
sin defensas especiales.
de la quimio salen del núcleo
comes out of the core
y eficientemente.
cleanly and efficiently.
de mutaciones,
different kinds of mutations,
nuestra estrategia?
particles in animals
de nanoestructuras en animales
cáncer de mama triple negativo.
of triple-negative breast cancer.
tiene el gen
exhibits the gene
tan pronto se administra.
as soon as it is delivered.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
"dox", es el fármaco que se usa
para el cáncer de mama.
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
con un núcleo de dox, solo dox.
un período de dos semanas.
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
de nuestra súper-arma.
against the chemo pump,
la expulsión de la quimio,
dejó de crecer el tumor,
did the tumors stop growing,
is that it can be personalized.
es que se puede personalizar.
y mecanismos de defensa de los tumores.
and tumor defense mechanisms.
en el núcleo de la nanopartícula.
into the nanoparticle core.
a evaluar a los pacientes
genéticos de tumores,
tumor genetic types,
se pueden beneficiar de esta estrategia
can benefit from this strategy
a special chord with me.
me toca fibras sensibles.
en etapas tardías,
at very late stages,
mutaciones genéticas.
of genetic mutations.
de quimioterapia,
de los pacientes.
for 75 percent of patients.
resistente a los medicamentos.
in a drug-resistant form.
supervillains out there.
no trabajo con pacientes.
Mimi, y su hija Paige.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
por la fortaleza y el optimismo
about the different technologies
de diferentes tecnologías
about these efforts
a las futuras generaciones,
really elegant science.
ciencia elegante.
la vida de las personas.
the power of engineering
de la ingeniería
como Paige avanzan en sus carreras
move forward in their careers,
problemas de salud en el mundo,
health problems in the world --
psiquiátricos, enfermedades infecciosas,
disorders, infectious disease --
found a way to open doors for me,
me ha permitido
la de las moléculas,
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com