Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Una nuova super-arma nella lotta contro il cancro
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
con i migliori farmaci.
forms of cancer.
how to address relatively well
a domare abbastanza bene
drugs and surgery.
da parte dei farmaci
very aggressive forms of cancer
from a genetic mutation.
di una mutazione genetica.
inside these tumor cells
nelle cellule tumorali
and unimagined modes of survival,
nuovi modi di sopravvivenza,
di sopravvivere
in which a gene allows a cell,
un gene permette ad una cellula,
spits out the drug.
efficacemente.
of the many genetic tricks
dei diversi trucchi geneteci
with incredible superpowers.
con poteri incredibili.
mode of attack.
di una nuova e potente arma.
noi possiamo disattivare un gene.
known as siRNA.
conosciute come siRNA.
di codice genetico
a bloccare un determinato gene
can turn off a specific gene
può disattivare un gene specifico
these gene blockers in medicine.
questi geni bloccanti in medicina.
all'interno di una cellula.
or our tissues,
o nei nostri tessuti,
through its journey through the body
per affrontare il suo viaggio nel corpo
inside the cancer cell.
della cellula cancerogna.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
il siRNA, il gene bloccante,
attraverso i vasi sanguigni.
to get through the bloodstream,
per passare nei vasi sanguigni,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
per penetrare il tessuto cancerogeno
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
l'interno della cellula tumorale.
the size of a human hair.
della grandezza di un capello umano.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
questa nano-particella.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
il farmaco chemioterapico.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
alla vita della cellula tumorale.
negatively charged,
of positively charged polymer.
di polimeri caricati positivamente.
molecules stick together
rimangono attaccate
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
all'interno del sangue.
we have to think about.
che dobbiamo risolvere.
obstacle of all.
needs to be targeted,
to the supervillain cells
le cellule supercattive
immune-defense system:
il corpo umano ha il sistema immunitario:
che non vi appartengono,
is considered a foreign object.
La nostra particella è vista come estranea
past the tumor defense system.
attraverso il sistema di difesa del tumore
of getting rid of the foreign object
si possa disfare dell'oggetto estraneo
negatively charged layer
caricato negativamente
of the naturally charged,
di quelli caricati naturalmente,
that resides in our body.
presente nel nostro corpo.
around the nanoparticle
attorno la nanoparticella
cloaking effect.
del mantello dell'invisibilità.
the nanoparticle
fino a raggiungere il tumore,
con la cellula tumorale.
takes up the nanoparticle,
assorbe la nanoparticella,
inside the cancer cell
all'interno della cellula cancerogena
and block those survival genes.
e bloccare quei geni sopravvissuti.
those genetic superpowers.
with no special defenses.
senza difese speciali.
comes out of the core
viene rilasciato dal nucleo
cleanly and efficiently.
con precisione ed efficacia.
different kinds of mutations,
particles in animals
sugli animali
of triple-negative breast cancer.
di cancro al seno.
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
non appena è immesso.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
chiamiamola "dox", è il farmaco
for breast cancer.
nella terapia per il cancro al seno.
with a dox core, dox only.
solo con la dox.
il tasso di crescita,
over a period of two weeks.
in due settimane.
our combination superweapon.
ad utilizzare le nostre superarmi.
against the chemo pump,
contro la pompa chemioterapica,
did the tumors stop growing,
che il tumore smette di crescer
is that it can be personalized.
è che può essere personalizzato.
diversi strati di siRNA
and tumor defense mechanisms.
e diversi meccanismi di difesa tumorali.
into the nanoparticle core.
nel nucleo della nanoparticella.
tumor genetic types,
can benefit from this strategy
quale paziente può beneficiare
e quale gene utilizzare.
a special chord with me.
mi tocca particolarmente.
at very late stages,
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
nel 75% dei pazienti.
in a drug-resistant form.
supervillains out there.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Mimi, e sua figlia, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
ricca di coraggio e resistenza.
about the different technologies
abbiamo parlato delle diverse tecnologie
about these efforts
che conoscere questi risultati
really elegant science.
scienza raffinata.
la vita delle persone,
the power of engineering
il potere dell'ingegneria
move forward in their careers,
faranno progressi nelle loro carriere,
health problems in the world --
problemi di salute del mondo,
disorders, infectious disease --
patologie neurologiche ed infettive,
found a way to open doors for me,
un modo per aprirmi le porte,
verso l'ingegneria
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com