Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Siêu vũ khí mới chống lại ung thư
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
diện rộng và nhờn thuốc,
tốt nhất để trị.
đáng ngạc nhiên
forms of cancer.
khủng khiếp nhất
how to address relatively well
học cách chữa trị tạm ổn
drugs and surgery.
đã được biết và xác minh.
very aggressive forms of cancer
các loại hình ung thư này
truyện tranh
from a genetic mutation.
đến từ đột biến di truyền.
inside these tumor cells
các tế bào ung thư
and unimagined modes of survival,
và không thể đoán trước,
in which a gene allows a cell,
trong đó 1 gen cho phép 1 tế bào,
spits out the drug.
of the many genetic tricks
with incredible superpowers.
với siêu năng lượng không tưởng,
mode of attack.
phản công mới và mạnh mẽ hơn.
known as siRNA.
là siRNA.
can turn off a specific gene
tắt một gen nhất định
these gene blockers in medicine.
trong y học
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
suốt tiến trình trong cơ thể
inside the cancer cell.
bên trong tế bào ung thư.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
với siRNA, bộ hãm gen,
sống sót này,
bằng hóa trị.
to get through the bloodstream,
vào đường máu
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
the size of a human hair.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
thiết lập hạt nano này.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
thuốc đặc trị.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
một lớp mỏng
negatively charged,
cực kì bất lợi
of positively charged polymer.
điện tích dương.
molecules stick together
dính vào nhau
with a protective layer
1 màng bảo vệ
from degrading in the bloodstream.
we have to think about.
chúng ta cần phải chú ý
obstacle of all.
vũ khí này?
needs to be targeted,
to the supervillain cells
cho các tế bào ác tính
immune-defense system:
có hệ thống miễn dịch tự nhiên:
is considered a foreign object.
tác nhân ngoại lai.
past the tumor defense system.
qua hệ thống miễn dịch.
of getting rid of the foreign object
đào thải tế bào ngoại lai này
negatively charged layer
âm tính bên ngoài
of the naturally charged,
trong số những lớp có chức năng tự nhiên,
that resides in our body.
cư trú trong cơ thể chúng ta
around the nanoparticle
bọc quanh hạt nano
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
các hạt nano
takes up the nanoparticle,
inside the cancer cell
vào bên trong tế bào ung thư
Tiến lên nào!
and block those survival genes.
kìm hãm các gen sống sót.
those genetic superpowers.
siêu năng lượng di truyền này.
with no special defenses.
không còn phòng thủ.
comes out of the core
cleanly and efficiently.
different kinds of mutations,
các loại đột biến,
hoạt động thế nào?
particles in animals
cấu trúc nano ở động vật
of triple-negative breast cancer.
cho ung thư vú âm tính thể bộ ba.
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
thuốc mới đưa vào
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
thuốc chống ung thư
for breast cancer.
ung thư vú
with a dox core, dox only.
cho động vật, chỉ dox thôi
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
against the chemo pump,
sự bơm hóa chất
did the tumors stop growing,
ung thư ngừng phát triển
thật sự đã bị đẩy lùi.
is that it can be personalized.
được cá nhân hóa
siRNA khác nhau
and tumor defense mechanisms.
into the nanoparticle core.
khác nhau vào nhân nano
kiểm tra bệnh nhân
tumor genetic types,
can benefit from this strategy
được lợi từ phương pháp này
có thể dùng.
a special chord with me.
đặc biệt của tôi
at very late stages,
rất trễ
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
kháng thuốc
supervillains out there.
siêu vũ khí
với bệnh nhân.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Mimi, và con gái cô ấy, Paige
by the optimism and strength
mạnh mẽ
about the different technologies
kỹ thuật khác nhau
about these efforts
nỗ lực này
really elegant science.
ngành khoa học tuyệt vời.
the power of engineering
về kỹ thuật
move forward in their careers,
sinh viên như Paige,
health problems in the world --
sức khỏe lớn trên thế giới
disorders, infectious disease --
thần kinh, các bệnh lây nhiềm--
found a way to open doors for me,
đã chỉ cách mở cánh cửa cho tôi,
that of molecules,
nhân loại.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com