Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Паула Геммонд: Нова суперзброя у боротьбі проти раку
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
back over and over again,
повертаються знову та знову --
and drug-resistant ones,
найкращими медикаментами.
forms of cancer.
формами раку.
how to address relatively well
відносно добре
drugs and surgery.
медикаментів та хірургії.
very aggressive forms of cancer
уявити
from a genetic mutation.
мутацій.
inside these tumor cells
всередині клітин пухлини,
and unimagined modes of survival,
нечувані способи виживання,
in which a gene allows a cell,
що ген дозволяє клітині,
spits out the drug.
відштовхнути ліки.
of the many genetic tricks
генетичних витівок,
раку.
with incredible superpowers.
неймовіною суперсилою.
mode of attack.
потужний метод атаки.
known as siRNA.
генетичного коду,
певний ген.
can turn off a specific gene
вимкнути певний ген
these gene blockers in medicine.
медицині.
всередині клітини.
or our tissues,
або тканинах,
through its journey through the body
під час подорожі тілом,
inside the cancer cell.
всередині ракової клітини.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
інтерферуючими РНК, блокаторами гену,
хімії.
to get through the bloodstream,
мати змогу просуватися ним,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
тканини пухлини,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
the size of a human hair.
людської волосини.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
ці наночастинки.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
хіміотерапевтичні ліки.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
інтерферуючих РНК.
negatively charged,
негативний заряд,
of positively charged polymer.
molecules stick together
тримаються купи завдяки
with a protective layer
що запобігає
from degrading in the bloodstream.
у кров’яному потоці.
we have to think about.
замислитися.
obstacle of all.
needs to be targeted,
має мати гарний приціл.
to the supervillain cells
immune-defense system:
систему захисту:
чого у ньому не повинно бути,
is considered a foreign object.
наночастинки сторонніми об’єктами.
past the tumor defense system.
частинки повз захисну систему пухлини.
of getting rid of the foreign object
сторонніх об’єктів,
negatively charged layer
заряджений шар
of the naturally charged,
заряджене покриття
that resides in our body.
полісахаридів, які також є в тілі людини.
around the nanoparticle
води навколо наночастинок,
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
наночастинкам
takes up the nanoparticle,
приймають наночастинки,
inside the cancer cell
and block those survival genes.
гени, що вижили.
those genetic superpowers.
суперсили.
with no special defenses.
без спеціального захисту.
comes out of the core
cleanly and efficiently.
different kinds of mutations,
різних видів мутацій,
particles in animals
тваринах,
of triple-negative breast cancer.
раку молочної залози.
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
докс - ліки проти раку,
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
лише ним.
доволі швидко,
over a period of two weeks.
впродовж лише двох тижнів.
our combination superweapon.
своєю суперзброєю.
against the chemo pump,
інтерферуючими РНК, хіміо насос
did the tumors stop growing,
перестала рости,
is that it can be personalized.
персоналізувати.
малих інтерферуючих РНК,
and tumor defense mechanisms.
механізмам пухлин і мутаціям.
into the nanoparticle core.
tumor genetic types,
генетичні типи пухлин,
can benefit from this strategy
кому саме ми можемо допомогти
a special chord with me.
at very late stages,
на дуже пізніх стадіях,
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
supervillains out there.
з пацієнтами.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
доньку Пейдж.
by the optimism and strength
about the different technologies
про різні технології,
about these efforts
спрямовані на вивчення хвороби,
really elegant science.
про дуже складну науку.
людські життя.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
просуваються в кар’єрі,
health problems in the world --
в світі, пов’язаних зі здоров’ям,
disorders, infectious disease --
розлади, інфекційні захворювання -
found a way to open doors for me,
знайшла спосіб відчинити двері для мене
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com