Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
ポーラ・ハモンド: 癌との闘いに新たな強力な武器を
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
再発するタイプのもの
and drug-resistant ones,
薬剤耐性のあるもの
アプローチにより
癌との闘いにおいて
forms of cancer.
新しい方法がもたらされるのです
how to address relatively well
drugs and surgery.
比較的よくわかっています
very aggressive forms of cancer
from a genetic mutation.
遺伝子の突然変異により生まれました
inside these tumor cells
and unimagined modes of survival,
生存方式をがん細胞に与え
可能にしているのです
in which a gene allows a cell,
がん細胞へ抗がん剤が働きかけようとも
spits out the drug.
細胞が巧みに抗がん剤を吐き出すところを
of the many genetic tricks
癌の手中にある
with incredible superpowers.
超悪玉がいるのです
mode of attack.
必要としているのです
オフにすることが出来るのです
known as siRNA.
siRNAです
特定の遺伝子をブロックさせる
can turn off a specific gene
オフにさせることが出来るのです
オフにさせることが出来るのです
these gene blockers in medicine.
とても熱心でしたが
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
最終的な目的地である がん細胞の中まで
inside the cancer cell.
保護されなければならないのです
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
siRNAを投与することにより
デザインすることが出来るのです
to get through the bloodstream,
とても小さくなければいけないし
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
小さくなければなりません
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
とても小さいものなのです
the size of a human hair.
サイズでなければならないのです
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
作り上げているのかよく見てみましょう
with the nanoparticle core.
核から始めましょうか
the chemotherapy drug.
とても小さなカプセルがあります
actually end the tumor cell's life.
とても薄いナノメートル級の
negatively charged,
of positively charged polymer.
molecules stick together
with a protective layer
from degrading in the bloodstream.
保護層を作るのです
we have to think about.
大きな障害があるのです
obstacle of all.
一番大きな障害であると言えるでしょう
needs to be targeted,
標的に照準を向けなければ―
to the supervillain cells
腫瘍に巣くっている悪玉細胞に
immune-defense system:
免疫防御システムが備わっており
is considered a foreign object.
異物として認識されてしまうのです
past the tumor defense system.
忍び込ませる必要があります
of getting rid of the foreign object
この異物を取り除こうとするメカニズムを
negatively charged layer
もう一枚の負電荷を帯びた層を
of the naturally charged,
水分を多く保持する多糖類で
that resides in our body.
around the nanoparticle
水分子の膜を作り出し
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
ナノ粒子が血流を通じ
takes up the nanoparticle,
ナノ粒子を取り込み
inside the cancer cell
さあ やりましょう!
and block those survival genes.
those genetic superpowers.
特殊能力を抑制しました
with no special defenses.
特別な防御システムもないがん細胞です
comes out of the core
cleanly and efficiently.
破壊するのです
different kinds of mutations,
対処することができ
どのように働くのでしょう?
particles in animals
浸潤性が非常に強いタイプの
of triple-negative breast cancer.
動物実験をしました
exhibits the gene
抗がん剤が届き次第
as soon as it is delivered.
遺伝子があります
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
「ドックス」としましょうか
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
ドックスの核、ドックスだけで治療しました
over a period of two weeks.
our combination superweapon.
強力な武器を組み合わせて試しました
against the chemo pump,
did the tumors stop growing,
腫瘍が成長を止めただけでなく
is that it can be personalized.
個別化が出来るところにあります
腫瘍の防御メカニズムに対処するため
and tumor defense mechanisms.
足していくことが可能です
into the nanoparticle core.
ナノ粒子の核に入れることも可能です
tumor genetic types,
can benefit from this strategy
利用できる遺伝子ブロッカーについて
a special chord with me.
at very late stages,
発見されるからでもあります
of genetic mutations.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
薬剤耐性を持っています
supervillains out there.
超悪玉の一つなのです
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
ミミです 娘さんはペイジといいました
by the optimism and strength
楽観主義と強さに
about the different technologies
様々なテクノロジーについての
about these efforts
未来の世代への
really elegant science.
作り上げていくだけではないのです
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
health problems in the world --
世界の大きな健康問題に取り組み
disorders, infectious disease --
found a way to open doors for me,
私に道を開き
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com