Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Une nouvelle super-arme dans la lutte contre le cancer
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
encore et encore,
and drug-resistant ones,
et résistent aux médicaments,
nos meilleurs médicaments.
d'excitantes nouvelles façons
les plus agressives de cancer.
forms of cancer.
très intelligente.
how to address relatively well
nous avons appris à agir plutôt bien
drugs and surgery.
établies et validées.
very aggressive forms of cancer
ces formes de cancer très agressives
de bandes dessinées.
ils s'adaptent
des super-méchants de nos jours,
from a genetic mutation.
viennent d'une mutation génétique.
inside these tumor cells
dans ces cellules cancéreuses
and unimagined modes of survival,
de nouveaux modes de survie inimaginables,
de survivre
de chimiothérapie.
in which a gene allows a cell,
par un gène permet à la cellule,
spits out the drug.
vraiment le médicament.
of the many genetic tricks
des nombreuses ruses génétiques
le cancer, a dans son sac.
with incredible superpowers.
avec des super-pouvoirs incroyables.
mode of attack.
d'un nouveau mode d'attaque puissant.
known as siRNA.
connues sous le nom d'ARNsi.
de code génétique
un certain gène.
can turn off a specific gene
peut désactiver un gène en particulier
ces gènes bloqueurs en médecine.
these gene blockers in medicine.
or our tissues,
ou nos tissus,
through its journey through the body
lors de son voyage dans le corps
dans la cellule cancéreuse.
inside the cancer cell.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
cancéreuse d'ARNsi, le gène bloqueur,
un agent chimiothérapeutique.
to get through the bloodstream,
pour passer dans les veines,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
les tissus tumoraux,
dans la cellule cancéreuse.
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
the size of a human hair.
de la taille d'un cheveu humain.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
nous pouvons créer cette nanoparticule.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
l'agent chimiothérapeutique.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
nous emballerons d'une très fine couche
negatively charged,
fortement chargé négativement,
de polymères chargés positivement.
of positively charged polymer.
molecules stick together
se collent ensemble
with a protective layer
une couche protectrice
dans le courant sanguin.
from degrading in the bloodstream.
à un dernier gros obstacle.
we have to think about.
obstacle of all.
doit pouvoir viser,
needs to be targeted,
to the supervillain cells
viser les cellules super-méchantes
de défense immunitaire naturel :
immune-defense system:
celles qui ne devraient pas être là
ou les éliminer.
est considérée comme un corps étranger.
is considered a foreign object.
past the tumor defense system.
à travers les défenses du corps.
of getting rid of the foreign object
du mécanisme éliminant ces corps étrangers
negatively charged layer
autour de cette nanoparticule,
of the naturally charged,
est naturellement chargée,
présents dans le corps.
that resides in our body.
around the nanoparticle
autour de la nanoparticule,
et la rendant invisible.
cloaking effect.
the nanoparticle
permet à la nanoparticule
pour atteindre la tumeur,
contient des molécules
à la cellule tumorale.
takes up the nanoparticle,
assimile la nanoparticule,
à l'intérieur de la cellule cancéreuse,
inside the cancer cell
Allons-y !
pour faire taire et bloquer
and block those survival genes.
those genetic superpowers.
ces super-pouvoirs génétiques.
sans défenses particulières.
with no special defenses.
sort du noyau
comes out of the core
proprement et efficacement.
cleanly and efficiently.
different kinds of mutations,
de nombreux types de mutations,
particles in animals
sur des animaux
of triple-negative breast cancer.
de cancer du sein triple négatif.
possède le gène
exhibits the gene
dès qu'ils arrivent.
as soon as it is delivered.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
est le médicament
for breast cancer.
pour le cancer du sein.
with a dox core, dox only.
animaux avec un noyau de dox uniquement.
over a period of two weeks.
en l'espace de deux semaines.
our combination superweapon.
notre super-combinaison.
against the chemo pump,
contre la pompe à chimio,
did the tumors stop growing,
leur croissance
est qu'elle peut être personnalisée.
is that it can be personalized.
différentes couches d'ARNsi
and tumor defense mechanisms.
et différents mécanismes tumoraux.
into the nanoparticle core.
médicaments dans le noyau aussi.
à tester leurs patients
tumor genetic types,
de tumeurs génétiques,
can benefit from this strategy
de cette stratégie
nous pouvons utiliser.
a special chord with me.
touche une corde sensible pour moi.
à des stages très tardifs,
at very late stages,
mutations génétiques.
of genetic mutations.
chez 75% des patientes.
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
sous une forme résistante aux médicaments.
supervillains out there.
notre super-arme
avec des patients.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Mimi, et sa fille, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
par l'optimisme et la force
de courage et de soutien.
about the different technologies
des différentes technologies
about these efforts
qu'entendre parler de ces efforts
pour les générations futures,
really elegant science.
de la science très élégante
the power of engineering
le pouvoir de l'ingiénerie
move forward in their careers,
comme Paige avancent dans leur carrière,
de santé du monde --
health problems in the world --
disorders, infectious disease --
les maladies infectieuses --
found a way to open doors for me,
m'a ouvert des portes
de faire de l'ingénierie
celle des molécules,
that of molecules,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com