Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Paula Hammond: Uma nova superarma na luta contra o câncer
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
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back over and over again,
and drug-resistant ones,
e os resistentes às drogas,
nossas melhores drogas.
forms of cancer.
mais agressivos de câncer.
how to address relatively well
como tratar relativamente bem
drugs and surgery.
e eficientes, e cirurgia.
very aggressive forms of cancer
muito agressivos de câncer
de histórias em quadrinhos.
dos supervilões hoje em dia,
from a genetic mutation.
de uma mutação genética.
inside these tumor cells
dentro das células do tumor
and unimagined modes of survival,
e inimagináveis modos de sobrevivência,
sobreviver a até mesmo
tratamentos quimioterápicos.
in which a gene allows a cell,
no qual um gene permite a uma célula,
spits out the drug.
cospe a droga.
of the many genetic tricks
dos muitos truques genéticos
with incredible superpowers.
com superpoderes inacreditáveis,
mode of attack.
e poderoso modo de ataque.
known as siRNA.
conhecidas como siRNA.
pequenas de código genético
para bloquear um certo gene.
can turn off a specific gene
desligar um gene específico
these gene blockers in medicine.
bloqueadores genéticos na medicina.
or our tissues,
through its journey through the body
protegida em sua jornada pelo corpo
inside the cancer cell.
dentro da célula cancerosa.
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
com siRNA, o bloqueador de gene,
to get through the bloodstream,
para atravessar o sangue,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
para penetrar no tecido do tumor,
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
dentro da célula cancerosa.
the size of a human hair.
que a espessura de um cabelo humano.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
construir esta nanopartícula.
with the nanoparticle core.
the chemotherapy drug.
que contém a droga quimioterápica.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
com a vida da célula do tumor.
vamos envolver uma muito fina,
negatively charged,
fortemente negativa,
de polímero com carga positiva.
of positively charged polymer.
molecules stick together
com cargas opostas ficam juntas
with a protective layer
da siRNA na corrente sanguínea.
from degrading in the bloodstream.
we have to think about.
em que temos que pensar.
obstacle of all.
o maior obstáculo de todos.
precisa ser direcionada,
needs to be targeted,
para as células supervilãs
to the supervillain cells
immune-defense system:
imunológico de defesa natural:
é considerada um objeto estranho.
is considered a foreign object.
past the tumor defense system.
o sistema de defesa do tumor..
de se livrar do objeto estranho,
of getting rid of the foreign object
negatively charged layer
com carga negativa
o que serve a dois objetivos.
of the naturally charged,
altamente hidratados,
that resides in our body.
que vivem no nosso corpo.
around the nanoparticle
de água ao redor da nanopartícula
cloaking effect.
de capa de invisibilidade.
the nanoparticle
permite a nanopartícula
para alcançar o tumor,
à nossa célula do tumor.
takes up the nanoparticle,
do câncer aceita a nanopartícula,
dentro da célula do câncer
inside the cancer cell
que vocês. Vamos lá!
and block those survival genes.
e bloquear os genes sobreviventes.
those genetic superpowers.
os superpoderes genéticos.
with no special defenses.
sem defesas especiais.
comes out of the core
sai do núcleo
cleanly and efficiently.
pura e eficientemente.
different kinds of mutations,
de mutações diferentes,
particles in animals
de nanoestrutura em animais
de câncer de mama triplo-negativo.
of triple-negative breast cancer.
triplo-negativo contém o gene
exhibits the gene
as soon as it is delivered.
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
vamos chamá-la de "dox",
no tratamento de câncer de mama.
for breast cancer.
with a dox core, dox only.
com um núcleo de dox, somente dox.
dobrando de tamanho em duas semanas.
over a period of two weeks.
combinação de superarma.
our combination superweapon.
against the chemo pump,
contra a bomba quimioterápica,
did the tumors stop growing,
não apenas pararam de crescer,
is that it can be personalized.
é que pode ser personalizada.
camadas diferentes de siRNA
and tumor defense mechanisms.
e mecanismos de defesa do tumor.
into the nanoparticle core.
no núcleo da nanopartícula.
como testar os pacientes
tumor genetic types,
genéticos de tumor,
can benefit from this strategy
podem se beneficiar dessa estratégia
de genes podemos usar.
a special chord with me.
de uma maneira especial.
em fases muito avançadas,
at very late stages,
of genetic mutations.
de mutações genéticas.
de quimioterapia,
for 75 percent of patients.
in a drug-resistant form.
numa forma resistente à droga.
supervillains out there.
nossa superarma para vencê-lo.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
de ovário, Mimi, e sua filha, Paige.
by the optimism and strength
pelo otimismo e força
about the different technologies
sobre as diferentes tecnologias
sobre esses esforços
about these efforts
para as gerações futuras,
uma ciência realmente elegante.
really elegant science.
the power of engineering
move forward in their careers,
avancem em suas carreiras,
health problems in the world --
problemas de saúde do mundo,
disorders, infectious disease --
neurológicas, doenças contagiosas,
found a way to open doors for me,
uma forma de abrir portas para mim,
that of molecules,
no nível das moléculas,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com