Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
إلين يورجنسن: ما ينبغي عليكم معرفته حول تقنية الكريسبر
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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it's for genome editing --
تتعلق بتعديل الجينوم --
of really interesting conversations.
من التساؤلات المثيرة للاهتمام.
wiping out an entire species
is moving much faster
يتطور بشكل سريع جداً
that govern it.
التي تسيرها.
as possible understand
and their implications.
of a huge media hype,
are "easy" and "cheap."
هما "سهلة" و"رخيصة."
a little bit deeper
and the realities around CRISPR.
والحقائق المتعلقة بالكريسبر.
is damage the DNA.
هو إتلاف الحمض النووي.
of a double-strand break
كسر مزدوج في السلستين
processes kick in,
those repair processes
and something called a guide RNA.
وما يسمى بالحمض النووي الريبوزي الموجه.
I love to anthropomorphize --
أحب تجسيم الأشياء --
that's keeping it out of the genome
هو الحائل الذي يتركه خارج الجينوم
where it matches.
is called CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
is that the guide RNA,
الحمض النووي الريبوزي الموجه،
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
وقوياً للاستخدام.
protein complex together
وبروتين كاس9 معاً
where the guide RNA matches,
للحمض النووي الريبوزي الموجه،
of the double helix,
of DNA that's broken.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
وإعادة وصل القطعتين معاً،
sometimes a base drops out
knock out a gene,
للقضاء على مورثة ما،
to do genome editing.
من أجل تعديل الجينوم.
is a lot more interesting.
هي أكثر إثارة للاهتمام.
organism like people,
from our mom and one from our dad,
وأخرى من آبائنا،
chromosome to repair it.
whatever you want in the center
في الوسط
you can stuff new DNA in,
بحمض نووي جديد،
scientific advances
is this modular targeting system.
into organisms for years, right?
منذ سنوات، صحيح؟
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
that say stuff like,
يطلبون أموراً مثل،
خلال تنظيمكم للأبواب المفتوحة
and engineer my genome?"
I've heard it's easy."
materials for an experiment
متوسط الأدوات اللازمة لتجربة ما
to hundreds of dollars,
to do the work in;
لإنجاز العمل؛
outside of a professional lab.
دون مختبر محترف.
on your kitchen table.
على طاولة مطبخكم.
to do this kind of work.
للقيام بهذا النوع من العمل،
there's a patent battle going on,
الدائرة حوله،
are in this incredible patent battle.
يخوضان معركة براءات اختراع مدهشة.
to watch it happen,
of fraudulent claims
my notebook here or there."
هنا أو هناك."
a really hefty licensing fee
رسوم ترخيص جد ضخمة
basic research and you've got a lab.
بأبحاث أساسية ولديكم مختبر.
Let's look at that claim.
دعونا نتحدث عن هذا الإدعاء.
that much about cells.
why some guide RNAs work really well
الأحماض النووية الريبوزية بشكل جيد
want to do one repair pathway
اتباع طريقة إصلاح معينة
of getting the system into the cell
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
الدم أو نخاع العظام --
of a lot of research now.
of some little girl
and putting it back
ثم إعادته
that people are going to do.
الذي سيتخذه الباحثون.
into the whole body,
إن أردتم الدخول إلى الجسم بالكامل،
to have to use a virus.
استعمال الفيروسات.
you put the CRISPR into it,
effects of that are.
على المدى البعيد.
but they're still there.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
hopefully, be solved.
not by a long shot.
working it out in your particular system,
تعملون على الأمر في نظامكم الخاص،
to make a particular thing happen
حول كيفية جعل أمر معين يقع
in the genome.
for an extra leg.
كنت سأختار الرجل الإضافية.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
من قبل الآلاف من العلماء
of diseases in animals, for example,
في الحيوانات،
that produce valuable chemicals
production and fermentation vats,
بخزانات التخمير،
on what genes do.
حول عمل الجينات.
we should be telling,
عن كريسبر،
that the flashier aspects of it
to make CRISPR happen,
لإخراج كريسبر إلى الوجود،
are being supported by our society.
لأولئك العلماء.
a certain percentage of people
the shepherds of CRISPR.
رعاةً لتقنية كريسبر.
about these types of technologies,
على هذا النوع من التقنيات،
the development of these technologies,
it's a positive outcome --
سنحصل على نتيجة إيجابية --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com