Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
אלן יורגנסן: מה אתם צריכים לדעת על קריספר
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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it's for genome editing --
of really interesting conversations.
wiping out an entire species
is moving much faster
that govern it.
as possible understand
and their implications.
of a huge media hype,
של סערה תקשורתית ענקית,
are "easy" and "cheap."
הן "קל" ו "זול".
a little bit deeper
and the realities around CRISPR.
סביב קריספר.
is damage the DNA.
לגרום נזק לדנ"א.
of a double-strand break
processes kick in,
those repair processes
and something called a guide RNA.
I love to anthropomorphize --
אני אוהבת לעשות האנשה--
that's keeping it out of the genome
שמונעת את זה מהגנום,
where it matches.
שאליה הוא תואם.
is called CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
is that the guide RNA,
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
וקלה מאוד לשימוש
protein complex together
where the guide RNA matches,
שבה הרנ"א המכוון מתאים,
of the double helix,
של הסליל הכפול,
of DNA that's broken.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
ודוחק את שני החלקים יחד.
sometimes a base drops out
knock out a gene,
to do genome editing.
כדי לערוך את הגנום.
is a lot more interesting.
organism like people,
from our mom and one from our dad,
מאמא שלנו ואחד מאבא שלנו,
chromosome to repair it.
כדי לתקן אותו.
בפיסת דנ"א מזויפת,
whatever you want in the center
you can stuff new DNA in,
scientific advances
is this modular targeting system.
into organisms for years, right?
כבר לאורך שנים, נכון?
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
בדיוק איפה שאנחנו רוצים.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
הרבה דיבורים על כך שזה זול
that say stuff like,
שאומרים דברים כמו,
and engineer my genome?"
ולהנדס את הגנום שלי?"
I've heard it's easy."
materials for an experiment
העלות הממוצעת של החומרים לניסוי.
to hundreds of dollars,
to do the work in;
outside of a professional lab.
מחוץ למעבדה מקצועית.
on your kitchen table.
על שולחן המטבח שלכם.
to do this kind of work.
there's a patent battle going on,
are in this incredible patent battle.
נמצאים במאבק הפטנטים הבלתי-יאומן הזה.
to watch it happen,
of fraudulent claims
my notebook here or there."
a really hefty licensing fee
דמי רישוי גדולים מאוד
basic research and you've got a lab.
מחקר בסיסי ויש לכם מעבדה.
Let's look at that claim.
בואו נתבונן בטענה זו.
that much about cells.
why some guide RNAs work really well
כמה רנ"א מובילים עובדים ממש טוב
want to do one repair pathway
רוצים לעשות מסלול תיקון אחד
of getting the system into the cell
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
כמו דם או מוח עצם -
of a lot of research now.
of some little girl
and putting it back
ערכו אותו והשיבו חזרה
that people are going to do.
into the whole body,
לתוך הגוף כולו,
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
ומכניסים לתוכו את הקריספר
effects of that are.
של זה לטווח הארוך.
but they're still there.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
hopefully, be solved.
not by a long shot.
ממש לא.
working it out in your particular system,
במערכת הספציפית שלכם
to make a particular thing happen
כיצד לגרום לדבר מסוים לקרות
in the genome.
for an extra leg.
ברגל נוספת.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
על ידי אלפי אלפים של מדענים
of diseases in animals, for example,
של מחלות בבעלי חיים,
that produce valuable chemicals
production and fermentation vats,
on what genes do.
על מה שהגנים עושים.
we should be telling,
that the flashier aspects of it
שההיבטים הראוותניים של זה
to make CRISPR happen,
כדי לגרום לקריספר לקרות,
are being supported by our society.
a certain percentage of people
the shepherds of CRISPR.
למובילים של קריספר.
about these types of technologies,
של טכנולוגיות,
the development of these technologies,
של טכנולוגיות אלה,
it's a positive outcome --
התוצאה תהיה חיובית -
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com