Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen: Qué se debe saber sobre CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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it's for genome editing --
para editar el genoma,
of really interesting conversations.
conversaciones muy interesantes.
wiping out an entire species
la eliminación de toda una especie,
para los humanos,
is moving much faster
se mueve mucho más rápido
that govern it.
que la rigen.
as possible understand
de personas entienda
and their implications.
of a huge media hype,
un enorme bombo mediático,
are "easy" and "cheap."
con algo "fácil" y "barato".
a little bit deeper
and the realities around CRISPR.
y realidades en torno a CRISPR.
is damage the DNA.
of a double-strand break
de rotura de la doble cadena
processes kick in,
el proceso de reparación
those repair processes
a los procesos de reparación
and something called a guide RNA.
y algo que se llama un ARN guía.
I love to anthropomorphize --
me encanta antropomorfizar,
that's keeping it out of the genome
que está fuera del genoma
where it matches.
donde coincide.
is called CRISPR.
se llama CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
muy, muy antiguo.
is that the guide RNA,
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
muy potente y fácil de usar.
protein complex together
del ARN guía y el Cas9
where the guide RNA matches,
donde coincide el ARN guía,
of the double helix,
de la doble hélice,
of DNA that's broken.
una parte del ADN.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
y une las dos piezas nuevamente.
sometimes a base drops out
knock out a gene,
to do genome editing.
editar el genoma de esa forma.
is a lot more interesting.
es mucho más interesante.
organism like people,
como las personas,
from our mom and one from our dad,
de nuestra madre y una de nuestro padre,
chromosome to repair it.
cromosoma para repararlo.
whatever you want in the center
lo que se quiera en el centro
you can stuff new DNA in,
podemos añadir nuevo ADN,
scientific advances
de avances científicos
is this modular targeting system.
de focalización modular.
into organisms for years, right?
organismos durante años, ¿sí?
de focalización modular,
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
exactamente donde queramos.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
de que es barato
that say stuff like,
de personas que dicen cosas como:
and engineer my genome?"
para diseñar mi genoma?"
I've heard it's easy."
Oí que es fácil".
materials for an experiment
para un experimento
to hundreds of dollars,
to do the work in;
profesional para hacer el trabajo;
outside of a professional lab.
fuera de un laboratorio profesional.
on your kitchen table.
en la mesa de la cocina.
to do this kind of work.
una batalla de patentes en curso,
there's a patent battle going on,
are in this incredible patent battle.
están en esta batalla de patentes.
to watch it happen,
of fraudulent claims
my notebook here or there."
desde aquí o allá".
a really hefty licensing fee
una cuota de licencia muy alta
basic research and you've got a lab.
y tienes un laboratorio.
Let's look at that claim.
that much about cells.
why some guide RNAs work really well
algunas guías de ARN funcionan muy bien
want to do one repair pathway
quieren una vía de reparación
of getting the system into the cell
el sistema en la célula
no es tan difícil,
en un organismo completo,
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
of a lot of research now.
of some little girl
and putting it back
su edición y su transfusión de nuevo
that people are going to do.
a seguir.
into the whole body,
llegar a todo el cuerpo,
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
effects of that are.
sus efectos a largo plazo.
efectos secundarios,
but they're still there.
pero sigue estando allí.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
tratando de resolverlas,
que se resuelvan.
hopefully, be solved.
not by a long shot.
ni por asomo.
working it out in your particular system,
en su sistema particular,
to make a particular thing happen
cómo hacer que ocurra algo particular
in the genome.
en el genoma.
por ejemplo.
me conformaría con una pierna extra.
for an extra leg.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
están usando CRISPR
of diseases in animals, for example,
en animales, por ejemplo,
that produce valuable chemicals
productos químicos valiosos
production and fermentation vats,
y producción industrial,
on what genes do.
sobre lo que hacen los genes.
we should be telling,
que deberíamos contar,
that the flashier aspects of it
más llamativos de CRISPR
to make CRISPR happen,
para que ocurra CRISPR,
are being supported by our society.
a estos científicos.
a certain percentage of people
que un cierto porcentaje de personas
the shepherds of CRISPR.
pastores de CRISPR.
about these types of technologies,
sobre este tipo de tecnologías,
the development of these technologies,
de estas tecnologías,
it's a positive outcome --
dé un resultado positivo
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com