Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
엘렌 요르겐센(Ellen Jorgensen): 유전자 가위(CRISPR)에 대해 알아야 하는 것
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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들어본 적 있나요?
it's for genome editing --
of really interesting conversations.
불러일으키고 있죠.
제일 좋아하는 건데요.
wiping out an entire species
해롭다고 여겨지는 종 전체를
is moving much faster
그걸 통제하는 규제보다
that govern it.
as possible understand
and their implications.
of a huge media hype,
과대 포장되는 주제였습니다.
are "easy" and "cheap."
"쉽다"와 "저렴"이었죠.
a little bit deeper
and the realities around CRISPR.
진실을 알아보려합니다.
is damage the DNA.
DNA를 손상시키는 것입니다.
of a double-strand break
두 가닥의 사슬을 깨뜨리는 것입니다.
processes kick in,
those repair processes
원하는 편집을 하도록
and something called a guide RNA.
가이드 RNA라는 것이 있습니다.
I love to anthropomorphize --
that's keeping it out of the genome
정확한 위치를 찾을 때까지
where it matches.
is called CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
차용한 시스템입니다.
is that the guide RNA,
that is modular in the system;
조립식인 부분입니다.
and powerful system to use.
사용하기 쉽고 강력합니다.
protein complex together
Cas9 단백질 복합체는
where the guide RNA matches,
지점을 찾게 되면
of the double helix,
절단하도록 촉발시킵니다.
of DNA that's broken.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
가져다가 다시 붙이는 겁니다.
sometimes a base drops out
떨어져 나오거나 추가되거든요.
knock out a gene,
괜찮은 방법일 수도 있지만
to do genome editing.
원하는 방법은 아닙니다.
is a lot more interesting.
organism like people,
유전체 복사본이
from our mom and one from our dad,
아빠에게서 받은 것이 하나 있습니다.
chromosome to repair it.
whatever you want in the center
중간에 넣을 수 있고
you can stuff new DNA in,
넣을 수 있습니다.
scientific advances
is this modular targeting system.
모듈식 표적 시스템입니다.
into organisms for years, right?
DNA를 주입해왔잖아요?
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
넣을 수 있습니다.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
쉽고 저렴하다는 말이
that say stuff like,
이런 이메일을 받고 있어요.
and engineer my genome?"
조작해봐도 되나요?"
I've heard it's easy."
쉽다던데요."
materials for an experiment
to hundreds of dollars,
줄여줄 겁니다.
to do the work in;
전문적인 연구실이 필요하고
outside of a professional lab.
하나도 할 수 없습니다.
on your kitchen table.
말은 듣지 마세요.
to do this kind of work.
there's a patent battle going on,
are in this incredible patent battle.
엄청난 특허전쟁을 치르고 있습니다.
to watch it happen,
of fraudulent claims
이런 말을 하고 있어요.
my notebook here or there."
판결이 나지 않을 겁니다.
a really hefty licensing fee
승소한 쪽에게 특허권 사용료를
basic research and you've got a lab.
갖고 있다면 저렴할 거예요.
Let's look at that claim.
이 주장을 한 번 살펴보죠.
that much about cells.
많은 것을 알고 있지 않아요.
why some guide RNAs work really well
가이드 RNA는 잘 작동하면서
않는지 모릅니다.
want to do one repair pathway
교정하는지도 몰라요.
of getting the system into the cell
시스템을 주입시키는것도
어렵지 않아요.
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
of a lot of research now.
of some little girl
and putting it back
다시 넣어 소녀를 구했다는
that people are going to do.
연구를 할 겁니다.
into the whole body,
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
감염시키게 하는 거죠.
effects of that are.
나타날지 모릅니다.
표적을 벗어나기도 합니다.
but they're still there.
여전히 존재합니다.
over time with that?
무슨 일이 벌어질까요?
that are trying to solve them,
노력하는 과학자들도 있고요.
hopefully, be solved.
그러길 바래요.
not by a long shot.
working it out in your particular system,
몇 년동안 해보는 거라면
to make a particular thing happen
특정한 현상이 일어나게
in the genome.
잘 알고 있지 못하다는 것입니다.
아직 멀었습니다.
for an extra leg.
저는 그거로라도 만족할 거예요.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
중요한 작업을 하는 데에
of diseases in animals, for example,
that produce valuable chemicals
production and fermentation vats,
on what genes do.
기본적인 연구에까지도요.
we should be telling,
해야 하는 이야기입니다.
that the flashier aspects of it
이 모든 걸 묻어버리고 있다는 게
to make CRISPR happen,
실현시키기 위해 많은 일을 했어요.
are being supported by our society.
지원을 받고 있다는 겁니다.
a certain percentage of people
모든 시간을 연구에 할애하게 해주는
the shepherds of CRISPR.
about these types of technologies,
기술에 대해 배우세요.
the development of these technologies,
it's a positive outcome --
확실히 긍정적인 결과를
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com