Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen: Hal yang Perlu Anda Tahu tentang CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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mendengar tentang CRISPR?
belum pernah mendengarnya.
untuk menyunting genom --
it's for genome editing --
dan juga kontroversial
yang sangat menarik.
of really interesting conversations.
mammoth berbulu?
satu spesies tertentu
wiping out an entire species
hingga lenyap dari muka bumi,
is moving much faster
jauh lebih cepat
that govern it.
as possible understand
sebanyak mungkin orang mengerti
and their implications.
banyak disorot media,
of a huge media hype,
are "easy" and "cheap."
adalah "mudah" dan "murah."
a little bit deeper
mitos dan fakta tentang CRISPR.
and the realities around CRISPR.
memakai CRISPR,
is damage the DNA.
adalah merusak DNA.
of a double-strand break
putusnya untai ganda
processes kick in,
those repair processes
proses perbaikan tersebut
and something called a guide RNA.
dengan peluru kendali.
I love to anthropomorphize --
yang mencegahnya menghancurkan genom,
that's keeping it out of the genome
where it matches.
titik yang tepat dan cocok.
is called CRISPR.
sistem imun bakteri yang sangat kuno.
bacterial immune system.
adalah RNA pemandu,
is that the guide RNA,
that is modular in the system;
dibongkar-pasang pada sistem ini;
and powerful system to use.
dan ampuh untuk digunakan.
protein complex together
bergabung membentuk kompleks
dengan RNA pemandu
where the guide RNA matches,
dua untai heliks ganda,
of the double helix,
untuk membuat potongan,
DNA yang rusak.
of DNA that's broken.
DNA yang rusak itu secara paksa.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
sometimes a base drops out
adalah menghancurkan gen,
knock out a gene,
ketika menyuting genom.
to do genome editing.
is a lot more interesting.
seperti manusia,
organism like people,
masing-masing dari ibu dan ayah.
from our mom and one from our dad,
chromosome to repair it.
untuk memperbaikinya,
pada kedua ujungnya
pada bagian tengah ini
whatever you want in the center
you can stuff new DNA in,
Anda bisa memasukkan DNA baru,
yang terwujud dengan bantuan CRISPR.
scientific advances
sistem penargetan modular ini.
is this modular targeting system.
selama bertahun-tahun, ya kan?
into organisms for years, right?
targeting system,
di tempat yang kita mau.
exactly where we want it.
murah dan mudah,
a lot of talk about it being cheap
orang-orang yang meminta,
that say stuff like,
dan merekayasa genom saya? "
and engineer my genome?"
I've heard it's easy."
materials for an experiment
bahan-bahan untuk percobaan
to hundreds of dollars,
untuk melakukannya.
to do the work in;
outside of a professional lab.
tanpa laboran profesional.
on your kitchen table.
to do this kind of work.
there's a patent battle going on,
berdebat hebat masalah paten ini.
are in this incredible patent battle.
to watch it happen,
berbuat curang satu sama lain,
of fraudulent claims
my notebook here or there."
dalam beberapa tahun.
a really hefty licensing fee
kepada pihak yang memegang lisensi
basic research and you've got a lab.
dan Anda punya lab.
Let's look at that claim.
Mari kita lihat klaim tersebut.
that much about cells.
bekerja dengan sangat baik,
why some guide RNAs work really well
suatu jalur perbaikan,
want to do one repair pathway
memilih jalur perbaikan berbeda.
memasukan sistem ini ke dalam sel.
of getting the system into the cell
tidaklah sulit,
ke organisme utuh,
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
darah atau sumsum tulang,
of a lot of research now.
seorang anak perempuan
of some little girl
disunting, lalu dimasukkan lagi,
and putting it back
that people are going to do.
untuk seluruh tubuh,
into the whole body,
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
virus di dalam tubuh,
efek jangka panjangnya,
effects of that are.
sedikit efek salah sasaran.
but they're still there.
over time with that?
sedang mencoba menyelesaikannya,
that are trying to solve them,
hopefully, be solved.
kecil kemungkinannya.
not by a long shot.
working it out in your particular system,
cukup lama di bidang ini
membuat perubahan tersebut
to make a particular thing happen
in the genome.
sayap pada babi,
for an extra leg.
saya senang punya tambahan kaki.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
yang sangat penting,
untuk penyakit hewan,
of diseases in animals, for example,
zat kimia yang berguna
that produce valuable chemicals
untuk produksi di dalam fermentor,
production and fermentation vats,
on what genes do.
mengenai bagaimana gen bekerja.
we should be telling,
yang harus diceritakan.
yang dilebih-lebihkan tentang CRISPR
that the flashier aspects of it
untuk dapat mewujudkan CRISPR,
to make CRISPR happen,
are being supported by our society.
a certain percentage of people
yang membolehkan beberapa orang
menjadi penemu CRISPR
kita jugalah yang menjadi pengendalinya.
the shepherds of CRISPR.
about these types of technologies,
sungguh-sungguh teknologi ini,
the development of these technologies,
menghasilkan sesuatu yang baik
it's a positive outcome --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com