Joanne Chory: How supercharged plants could slow climate change
جوان خوري: كيف يمكن لنباتات معزَّزة أن تبطئ من التغير المناخي
Recognized as one of the greatest scientific innovators of our time, Joanne Chory studies the genetic codes of plants. Her goal: to use plants to help fight climate change. Full bio
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actually play a role
that faces mankind today,
التي تواجهها الإنسانية اليوم،
I had been working for 30 years or more
لأكثر من 30 عامًا
this contribution to a bigger problem.
في حل مشكلة معقدة.
that I have done in my lab
did in my lab over the last 30 years
في مختبري خلال الثلاثين سنة الماضية
the really big experiment,
too much CO2 in the atmosphere
من ثنائي أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي
to just suck up CO2.
على امتصاص ثتائي أكسيد الكربون.
for over 500 million years.
I want to tell you about.
أريد إخباركم عنه.
my two children a better world
in the right direction,
في الاتجاه الصحيح،
for the last 15 years,
that I want to do this now,
في إنجاز هذا الآن،
to really be part of this team.
تمكنني من المشاركة كجزء من هذا الفريق.
because we have fun.
لأننا نستمتع خلال ذلك.
five people trying to save the planet,
يحاولون إنقاذ الكوكب،
a lot of time together.
of CO2 as a pollutant.
أن ثنائي أكسيد الكربون ملوِّث.
as the villain in the novel, you know?
هو الشرير في الرواية، أليس كذلك؟
من ثنائي أكسيد الكربون.
I see the other side of CO2, actually.
الجانب الآخر من ثنائي أكسيد الكربون.
I think we remember, as plant biologists,
كعلماء نباتات،
do this process called photosynthesis.
بتلك العملية المسماة التمثيل الضوئي.
على سطح كوكبنا
and other photosynthetic microbes
النباتات وميكروبات التمثيل الضوئي
that was in the atmosphere.
في الغلاف الجوي.
came from air, basically.
is they use the energy in sunlight,
هو أنها تستخدم طاقة ضوء الشمس،
لإنتاج السكريات.
that is really important
photosynthetic microbes
وميكروبات التمثيل الضوئي الأخرى
of CO2 that we put up
من ثنائي أكسيد الكربون الذي ننتجه
we're not doing a great job
a little ourselves,
is put most of the CO2 into sugars.
معظم ثنائي أكسيد الكربون إلى سكريات.
of the growing season comes,
to suck out the CO2 from the atmosphere
الذي امتصته من الغلاف الجوي
in the atmosphere as CO2.
كثنائي أكسيد كربون من جديد.
the CO2 they bring in
ثنائي أكسيد الكربون الذي تمتصه
a little more stable?
that plants make this product,
that is in all plant roots.
في جذور جميع النباتات.
that's a carbon.
a perfect carbon storage device.
the carbon that gets fixed by the plant
على استقرار الكربون الذي تنتجه النبتة
better for the plant.
a biological solution to this problem?
لإيجاد حل بيولوجي لهذه المشكلة؟
30 or so years --
أو ما يقاربها...
you're saying, "Why now?" --
لا بد أنك تتساءلون: "لماذا الآن؟"...
that are in an organism in general.
للكائن الحي بشكل عام.
على حد سواء.
ثمانينيات القرن العشرين؟
that are in a plant
with the fact that we can do genomics
لعلم الجينوم
than we ever did before.
all life on earth is really related,
على سطح الأرض مرتبطة بعضها ببعض،
than other organisms.
ببعضها البعض من باقي الكائنات.
that you know from one plant
that it'll do the same thing.
genetic tricks that came along,
that allows us to do editing
from the normal state in the plant.
عن الوضع الطبيعي للنبتة.
I'm proposing a solution
organism on earth to do it -- plants.
النباتات.
three simple things from my talk, OK?
than they normally make,
من السوبرين تفوق إنتاجها الطبيعي،
a little better than what they are.
أفضل مما هي عليه الآن.
we can make more suberin --
أكبر من السوبرين...
that suberin likes to accumulate in.
التي يحب السوبرين التكاثر فيها.
we want the plants to have deeper roots.
أن تتوفر على جذور أعمق.
"OK, make stable carbon,
هو إنتاج كربون مستقر
if they make roots that go deep
on the surface of the soil.
we want to change:
and the last one, deep roots.
all those traits in one plant,
في نبتة واحدة،
and we will do it,
in the model plant, Arabidopsis,
في النبتة النموذج رشاد الصخر
experiments much faster
هذه التجارب بسرعة أكبر
where traits all add up
يمكنها الجمع بين هذه السمات
more suberin in those plants,
وتنتج نسبة أكثر من السوبرين،
we're beginning to do this --
لقد باشرنا القيام بذلك...
crop plants to do the work for us
للقيام بهذا
behind the whole thing.
I feel pretty confident about that.
بالجانب العلمي منه، أنا واثقة من ذلك.
just in the last year,
that affect each of those three traits.
التأثير على كل سمة من تلك السمات الثلاثة.
two out of the three,
في اثنين من أصل ثلاثة،
بأكثر من طريقة.
to even combine within a trait
الدمج داخل سمة واحدة
the amount of root
we expressed one gene
than the plant usually does on its own.
التي تعبر بها عنه النبتة.
I wanted to show you.
of challenges, actually,
في الحقيقة،
to actually buy the seeds,
these experiments,
even more than it is right now.
we have 11 billion people,
11 مليار شخص،
really going to be able to handle
from agriculture.
this competition for land.
carbon sequestration experiment
المخصصة لزراعة الغذاء،
that are also going to be on the earth
الذين سيتواجدون على سطح الأرض
causing loss of yield all over the earth.
على مستوى الغلة عبر جميع أنحاء العالم.
want to buy seeds
checks and balances
المضي قدمًا في التجربة أم لا.
when a plant actually makes more carbon
نسبة أكبر من الكربون
are actually depleted of carbon
على سطح الأرض
on the earth right now.
على سطح الأرض حاليًا.
those soils become enriched in carbon.
هي التي تصبح تربتها أغنى كربونًا.
actually hold nitrogen
تحتوي على النيتروجين
and they hold phosphate --
for plants to grow and have a good yield.
وإنتاج غلة جيدة.
in the soil as well.
into little particles
we can get more carbon in that soil,
من الكربون في تلك التربة،
to measure all that,
us solve the problem.
a lot of land that we need to use,
التي يجب علينا استعمالها،
the hard thing for us, I think,
على ما أظن،
rather than meet them,
في محرك غوغل عوض الالتقاء به شخصيًّا،
no one can really deny --
بإمكانه إنكار تغير المناخ،
everyone knows that.
and it's serious,
that we can do this.
القيام بذلك.
as a character witness for plants.
لصالح النباتات.
that plants are going to do it for us,
ستفعل هذا من أجلنا،
is give them a little help,
هو تقديم بعض المساعدة لها،
a gold medal for humanity.
like -- what? -- wheat, corn, maybe rice,
مثل...ماذا؟...القمح والذرة وربما الأرز،
more carbon than they currently do?
من الكربون من الكمية الحالية؟
that number, really.
farmers have more fertile?
and a solution that can scale
له تأثير أكبر
the research in your lab
خاصتك هو تسريع وتيرة بحثك في مختبرك
some of these pilots
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joanne Chory - Plant geneticistRecognized as one of the greatest scientific innovators of our time, Joanne Chory studies the genetic codes of plants. Her goal: to use plants to help fight climate change.
Why you should listen
Joanne Chory grew up in Boston in a close-knit Lebanese-American family who helped her develop the self-confidence to venture into the unknown -- college away from home (where she fell in love with genetics) and graduate school where she learned the value of doing a good experiment and the joy that brings. Over three decades, she's built a career at the forefront of plant biology, pursuing fundamental questions of how plants perceive and adapt to changing environments.
Chory is the Director of the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. She's received many of science's top distinctions -- she is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a 2018 Breakthrough Prize winner, as well as winner of the 2018 Gruber Genetics Prize. Recently, she realized that her work could address the critical problem of climate change. Plants already take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere; we just need to help them adapt to storing the CO2 in a more stable form. With support from the Audacious Project at TED, she and her Salk colleagues are taking on this challenge in a project she sees as the culmination of her career. Chory is excited to take one more step into the unknown, with a chance to change our planet's future.
Joanne Chory | Speaker | TED.com