Joanne Chory: How supercharged plants could slow climate change
Joanne Chory: Superplantas que podrían retardar el cambio climático
Recognized as one of the greatest scientific innovators of our time, Joanne Chory studies the genetic codes of plants. Her goal: to use plants to help fight climate change. Full bio
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actually play a role
that faces mankind today,
problemas que enfrenta la humanidad:
I had been working for 30 years or more
trabajado por 30 años o más
this contribution to a bigger problem.
a resolver un problema mayor.
that I have done in my lab
did in my lab over the last 30 years
the really big experiment,
un experimento muy importante,
en la genética de plantas.
too much CO2 in the atmosphere
demasiado CO2 en la atmósfera
to just suck up CO2.
en absorber el CO2.
for over 500 million years.
de años dedicándose a eso.
sobre un asunto urgente.
I want to tell you about.
my two children a better world
a mis dos hijos un mundo mejor
in the right direction,
en la dirección correcta
por los últimos 15 años,
for the last 15 years,
that I want to do this now,
parar hacer esto ahora mismo,
to really be part of this team.
para ser parte de este equipo.
because we have fun.
porque nos divierte.
five people trying to save the planet,
tratarán de salvar el planeta,
porque pasarán mucho tiempo juntos.
a lot of time together.
of CO2 as a pollutant.
al CO2 como un contaminante.
as the villain in the novel, you know?
como el villano de la historia.
I see the other side of CO2, actually.
yo veo el otro lado del CO2.
I think we remember, as plant biologists,
nosotros recordamos algo
do this process called photosynthesis.
el proceso llamado fotosíntesis.
que se basa en carbono en nuestra Tierra
and other photosynthetic microbes
y otros microbios fotosintéticos
that was in the atmosphere.
came from air, basically.
proviene, básicamente, del aire.
y eso se debe a la fotosíntesis,
is they use the energy in sunlight,
la energía de la luz solar,
that is really important
del tema que desarrollaré hoy
photosynthetic microbes
y otros microbios fotosintéticos
para hacer esa tarea:
of CO2 that we put up
de CO2 que creamos
we're not doing a great job
haciendo un buen trabajo
como organismos fotosintéticos,
a little ourselves,
is put most of the CO2 into sugars.
la mayor parte del CO2 en azúcares.
de crecimiento llega a su fin,
of the growing season comes,
to suck out the CO2 from the atmosphere
para absorber el CO2 de la atmósfera
in the atmosphere as CO2.
a la atmósfera como CO2.
the CO2 they bring in
redistribuyan el CO2 que absorben
a little more stable?
that plants make this product,
fabrican un producto
that is in all plant roots.
en las raíces de las plantas.
that's a carbon.
negros son carbono.
encontrar oxígeno
a perfect carbon storage device.
perfecto para almacenar carbono.
the carbon that gets fixed by the plant
el carbono fijado por la planta
better for the plant.
que beneficie a la planta.
a biological solution to this problem?
una solución biológica a este problema?
30 or so years --
30 años aproximadamente,
you're saying, "Why now?" --
y se dirán "¿Por qué ahora?",
that are in an organism in general.
que tienen los organismos en general,
humanos y a las plantas
que en la década de los 80
la función de muchos genes
that are in a plant
y las hacen crecer.
with the fact that we can do genomics
de que podemos usar la genómica
than we ever did before.
all life on earth is really related,
de vida en la Tierra están relacionadas,
than other organisms.
entre ellas que otros organismos.
that you know from one plant
conocida de una planta
that it'll do the same thing.
genetic tricks that came along,
trucos genéticos que han surgido,
that allows us to do editing
from the normal state in the plant.
de las plantas se puedan modificar.
de nuestro lado.
I'm proposing a solution
proponiendo una solución
organism on earth to do it -- plants.
evolucionados del planeta: las plantas.
three simple things from my talk, OK?
cosas sencillas de mi charla, ¿sí?
than they normally make,
produzcan más suberina de lo normal
a little better than what they are.
más eficientes de lo que ya son.
we can make more suberin --
produciríamos más suberina,
that suberin likes to accumulate in.
la suberina se acumularía.
we want the plants to have deeper roots.
deben tener raíces más profundas.
pidiendo a la planta:
"OK, make stable carbon,
más de lo normal,
if they make roots that go deep
si producen raíces profundas
on the surface of the soil.
en la superficie del suelo.
we want to change:
que queremos cambiar:
and the last one, deep roots.
y, por último, raíces profundas.
all those traits in one plant,
características en una planta,
and we will do it,
in the model plant, Arabidopsis,
en la planta modelo Arabidopsis,
experiments much faster
estos experimentos más rápido
con otra planta grande.
where traits all add up
con todas esas características,
more suberin in those plants,
habrá más suberina en esas plantas.
we're beginning to do this --
crop plants to do the work for us
de cultivo para que hagan este trabajo
behind the whole thing.
que hay detrás de todo esto.
I feel pretty confident about that.
de ello porque el año pasado
just in the last year,
that affect each of those three traits.
de esas tres características.
two out of the three,
to even combine within a trait
combinaciones dentro de una característica
produce más del doble de raíces
the amount of root
we expressed one gene
que usualmente está en la planta
ligeramente diferente
than the plant usually does on its own.
expresar por su cuenta.
I wanted to show you.
que quería mostrarles.
of challenges, actually,
cuando lleguemos a este problema.
a los agricultores de comprar las semillas
to actually buy the seeds,
las semillas para los agricultores.
these experiments,
even more than it is right now.
será aún mayor a la actual.
we have 11 billion people,
de personas al final del siglo,
really going to be able to handle
que no podrán lidiar
from agriculture.
this competition for land.
compitiendo por las tierras.
carbon sequestration experiment
experimento de retención de carbono
a las destinadas para alimento
that are also going to be on the earth
a la población mundial
causing loss of yield all over the earth.
pérdida de producción en todo el mundo.
want to buy seeds
querrían comprar semillas
checks and balances
de control y equilibrio
when a plant actually makes more carbon
una planta produce más carbono
are actually depleted of carbon
están desprovistos de carbono
para 8000 millones de personas,
on the earth right now.
los suelos se enriquecen con carbono.
those soils become enriched in carbon.
actually hold nitrogen
sulfuro y fosfato,
and they hold phosphate --
for plants to grow and have a good yield.
crezcan y tengan buen rendimiento.
in the soil as well.
into little particles
en pequeñas partículas
una textura nueva.
we can get more carbon in that soil,
más carbono en el suelo,
to measure all that,
us solve the problem.
a resolver el problema.
a lot of land that we need to use,
de las tierras que debemos usar,
the hard thing for us, I think,
rather than meet them,
en vez de conocerlo en persona,
no one can really deny --
que el clima está cambiando.
everyone knows that.
and it's serious,
y debemos hacer algo al respecto.
that we can do this.
de que podremos hacerlo.
as a character witness for plants.
de lo que son las plantas.
that plants are going to do it for us,
harán esto por nosotros.
is give them a little help,
a gold medal for humanity.
de oro para la humanidad.
like -- what? -- wheat, corn, maybe rice,
cultivos, como trigo, maíz, tal vez arroz,
el mismo rendimiento,
more carbon than they currently do?
más carbono del que retienen ahora?
that number, really.
no sabemos la cifra.
farmers have more fertile?
de esos agricultores sea más fértil?
and a solution that can scale
que ofrece una solución escalable
bueno para ser verdad.
the research in your lab
en tu laboratorio,
some of these pilots
estos proyectos piloto
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joanne Chory - Plant geneticistRecognized as one of the greatest scientific innovators of our time, Joanne Chory studies the genetic codes of plants. Her goal: to use plants to help fight climate change.
Why you should listen
Joanne Chory grew up in Boston in a close-knit Lebanese-American family who helped her develop the self-confidence to venture into the unknown -- college away from home (where she fell in love with genetics) and graduate school where she learned the value of doing a good experiment and the joy that brings. Over three decades, she's built a career at the forefront of plant biology, pursuing fundamental questions of how plants perceive and adapt to changing environments.
Chory is the Director of the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. She's received many of science's top distinctions -- she is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a 2018 Breakthrough Prize winner, as well as winner of the 2018 Gruber Genetics Prize. Recently, she realized that her work could address the critical problem of climate change. Plants already take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere; we just need to help them adapt to storing the CO2 in a more stable form. With support from the Audacious Project at TED, she and her Salk colleagues are taking on this challenge in a project she sees as the culmination of her career. Chory is excited to take one more step into the unknown, with a chance to change our planet's future.
Joanne Chory | Speaker | TED.com