TED2015
Donald Hoffman: Do we see reality as it is?
Donald Hoffman: Vidimo li stvarnost takvu kakva jeste?
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Kognitivni naučnik Donald Hoffman pokušava odgovoriti na važno pitanje: da li
mi doživljavamo svijet onakvim kakav on zaista jeste... ili kakvim ga mi trebamo? U ovom pomalo šokantnom predavanju, on promišlja o tome kako naš um konstruiše našu stvarnost.
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientist
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I love a great mystery,
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Volim veliku misteriju,
00:14
and I'm fascinated by the greatest
unsolved mystery in science,
unsolved mystery in science,
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i fasciniran sam najvećom
nerazriješenom misterijom u nauci,
nerazriješenom misterijom u nauci,
00:19
perhaps because it's personal.
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vjerovatno zato jer je lična.
00:21
It's about who we are,
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Radi se o tome ko smo mi,
00:23
and I can't help but be curious.
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i ne mogu da ne budem znatiželjan.
00:26
The mystery is this:
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Misterija je sljedeća:
00:28
What is the relationship
between your brain
between your brain
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koji je odnos između tvog mozga
00:31
and your conscious experiences,
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i tvog svjesnog iskustva,
00:33
such as your experience
of the taste of chocolate
of the taste of chocolate
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kao što je tvoje iskustvo ukusa čokolade
00:35
or the feeling of velvet?
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ili dodir baršuna?
00:38
Now, this mystery is not new.
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Ova misterija nije nova.
00:40
In 1868, Thomas Huxley wrote,
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1868. godine Thomas Huxley je napisao,
00:44
"How it is that anything so remarkable
as a state of consciousness comes about
as a state of consciousness comes about
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"Kako nešto tako izvanredno
kao što je stanje svijesti dolazi
kao što je stanje svijesti dolazi
00:49
as the result of irritating nervous tissue
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kao rezultat nadraženog živčanog tkiva
00:53
is just as unaccountable
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je podjednako neobjašnjivo
00:55
as the appearance of the genie
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
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kao pojavljivanje duha
kada Aladin protrlja svoju lampu".
kada Aladin protrlja svoju lampu".
01:01
Now, Huxley knew that brain activity
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Huxley je znao da su moždane aktivnosti
01:03
and conscious experiences are correlated,
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povezane sa svjesnim iskustvima,
01:06
but he didn't know why.
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ali nije znao zašto.
01:08
To the science of his day,
it was a mystery.
it was a mystery.
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Nauci njegovog vremena
to je bila misterija.
to je bila misterija.
01:12
In the years since Huxley,
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Godinama nakon Huxley-a,
01:14
science has learned a lot
about brain activity,
about brain activity,
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nauka je otkrila mnogo
o moždanoj aktivnosti,
o moždanoj aktivnosti,
01:17
but the relationship
between brain activity
between brain activity
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ali je odnos između moždane aktivnosti
01:19
and conscious experiences
is still a mystery.
is still a mystery.
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i svjesnih iskustava ostao misterija.
01:22
Why? Why have we made so little progress?
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Zašto?
Zašto smo smo tako malo napredovali?
Zašto smo smo tako malo napredovali?
01:26
Well, some experts think
that we can't solve this problem
that we can't solve this problem
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Pa, neki stručnjaci smatraju
da mi ne možemo riješiti ovaj problem
da mi ne možemo riješiti ovaj problem
01:31
because we lack the necessary
concepts and intelligence.
concepts and intelligence.
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zbog pomanjkanja neophodnih
koncepata i inteligencije.
koncepata i inteligencije.
01:35
We don't expect monkeys to solve
problems in quantum mechanics,
problems in quantum mechanics,
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Ne očekujemo od majmuna da riješe
probleme kvantne mehanike,
probleme kvantne mehanike,
01:39
and as it happens, we can't expect
our species to solve this problem either.
our species to solve this problem either.
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kao što ne možemo očekivati
ni od naše vrste da riješi ovaj problem.
ni od naše vrste da riješi ovaj problem.
01:44
Well, I disagree. I'm more optimistic.
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Ali, ja se ne slažem s tim.
Ja sam više optimističan.
Ja sam više optimističan.
01:47
I think we've simply
made a false assumption.
made a false assumption.
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Mislim da smo jednostavno stvorili
lažnu pretpostavku.
lažnu pretpostavku.
01:50
Once we fix it, we just
might solve this problem.
might solve this problem.
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Kada jednom to izmijenimo,
možda ćemo i moći riješiti ovaj problem.
možda ćemo i moći riješiti ovaj problem.
01:54
Today, I'd like tell you
what that assumption is,
what that assumption is,
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Danas ću vam reći
koja je to pretpostavka,
koja je to pretpostavka,
01:56
why it's false, and how to fix it.
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zašto je lažna, i kako je izmijeniti.
01:59
Let's begin with a question:
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Počnimo pitanjem:
02:01
Do we see reality as it is?
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vidimo li stvarnost
onakvu kakva ona jeste?
onakvu kakva ona jeste?
02:04
I open my eyes
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Otvorim oči
02:06
and I have an experience that I describe
as a red tomato a meter away.
as a red tomato a meter away.
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i imam iskustvo koje opisujem
kao crveni paradajz na metar od mene.
kao crveni paradajz na metar od mene.
02:12
As a result, I come to believe
that in reality,
that in reality,
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Kao rezultat ovoga,
vjerujem da se u stvarnosti,
vjerujem da se u stvarnosti,
02:15
there's a red tomato a meter away.
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crveni paradajz nalazi na metar od mene.
02:18
I then close my eyes, and my experience
changes to a gray field,
changes to a gray field,
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Onda zatvorim oči, i moje iskustvo
se mijenja u sivo polje,
se mijenja u sivo polje,
02:24
but is it still the case that in reality,
there's a red tomato a meter away?
there's a red tomato a meter away?
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ali da li je još uvijek u stvarnosti,
crveni paradajz na metar od mene?
crveni paradajz na metar od mene?
02:30
I think so, but could I be wrong?
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Mislim da jeste, ali možda griješim?
02:33
Could I be misinterpreting
the nature of my perceptions?
the nature of my perceptions?
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Možda pogrešno tumačim
prirodu svojih opažanja?
prirodu svojih opažanja?
02:39
We have misinterpreted
our perceptions before.
our perceptions before.
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Pogrešno smo tumačili
naša opažanja i ranije.
naša opažanja i ranije.
02:42
We used to think the Earth is flat,
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Mislili smo da je Zemlja ravna ploča,
jer izgleda tako.
jer izgleda tako.
02:46
Pythagorus discovered that we were wrong.
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Pitagora je otkrio da smo bili u krivu.
02:49
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
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Zatim smo mislili da je Zemlja
nepokretni centar svemira,
nepokretni centar svemira,
02:53
again because it looks that way.
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jer izgleda tako.
02:56
Copernicus and Galileo discovered,
again, that we were wrong.
again, that we were wrong.
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Kopernik i Galileo su otkrili ponovo,
da smo u krivu.
da smo u krivu.
03:01
Galileo then wondered if we might
be misinterpreting our experiences
be misinterpreting our experiences
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Galileo se onda zapitao, može li biti
da pogrešno tumačimo naša iskustva
da pogrešno tumačimo naša iskustva
03:05
in other ways.
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i na druge načine.
03:06
He wrote: "I think that tastes,
odors, colors, and so on
odors, colors, and so on
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Napisao je: "Mislim da okusi,
mirisi, boje itd
mirisi, boje itd
03:11
reside in consciousness.
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prebivaju u našoj svijesti.
03:14
Hence if the living creature were removed,
all these qualities would be annihilated."
all these qualities would be annihilated."
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Stoga, ako bi se živa bića uklonila,
sva ova iskustva bi bila poništena."
sva ova iskustva bi bila poništena."
03:20
Now, that's a stunning claim.
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E to je zapanjujuća tvrdnja.
03:23
Could Galileo be right?
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Je li Galileo mogao biti u pravu?
03:24
Could we really be misinterpreting
our experiences that badly?
our experiences that badly?
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Je li moguće da toliko pogrešno
tumačimo naša iskustva?
tumačimo naša iskustva?
03:29
What does modern science
have to say about this?
have to say about this?
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Šta moderna nauka ima da kaže na sve ovo?
03:32
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that about a third of the brain's cortex
that about a third of the brain's cortex
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Pa, neurolozi kažu
da je skoro trećina moždane kore
da je skoro trećina moždane kore
03:37
is engaged in vision.
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odgovorna za vid.
03:39
When you simply open your eyes
and look about this room,
and look about this room,
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Kad samo otvorite oči
i pogledate po ovoj prostoriji,
i pogledate po ovoj prostoriji,
03:43
billions of neurons
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
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milijarde neurona
i bilioni sinapsi se angažuju.
i bilioni sinapsi se angažuju.
03:47
Now, this is a bit surprising,
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Ovo je prilično iznenađujuće,
03:49
because to the extent that
we think about vision at all,
we think about vision at all,
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jer u mjeri u kojoj
mi razmišljamo o vidu uopšte,
mi razmišljamo o vidu uopšte,
03:51
we think of it as like a camera.
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zamišljamo ga kao foto aparat.
03:54
It just takes a picture
of objective reality as it is.
of objective reality as it is.
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On samo uslika objektivnu stvarnost
kakva jeste.
kakva jeste.
03:58
Now, there is a part of vision
that's like a camera:
that's like a camera:
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E sad, postoji dio vida
koji jeste poput foto aparata:
koji jeste poput foto aparata:
04:02
the eye has a lens that focuses
an image on the back of the eye
an image on the back of the eye
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oko sadrži leću koja fokusira
sliku na pozadinu oka
sliku na pozadinu oka
04:06
where there are 130 million
photoreceptors,
photoreceptors,
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gdje se nalazi 130 miliona fotoreceptora,
04:10
so the eye is like a 130-megapixel camera.
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tako da je oko nešto poput foto aparata
od 130 megapiksela.
od 130 megapiksela.
04:14
But that doesn't explain
the billions of neurons
the billions of neurons
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Ali to ne objašnjava rad milijarde neurona
04:17
and trillions of synapses
that are engaged in vision.
that are engaged in vision.
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i biliona sinapsi koje omogućuju vid.
04:21
What are these neurons up to?
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Šta rade ovi neuroni?
04:23
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that they are creating, in real time,
that they are creating, in real time,
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Pa, neurolozi nam kažu
da oni stvaraju, u realnom vremenu,
da oni stvaraju, u realnom vremenu,
04:27
all the shapes, objects, colors,
and motions that we see.
and motions that we see.
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sve oblike, predmete, boje
i pokrete koje vidimo.
i pokrete koje vidimo.
04:32
It feels like we're just taking a snapshot
of this room the way it is,
of this room the way it is,
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Čini se kako mi samo pravimo snimak
ove prostorije kakva jeste;
ove prostorije kakva jeste;
04:35
but in fact, we're constructing
everything that we see.
everything that we see.
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dok zapravo mi konstruišemo
sve što vidimo.
sve što vidimo.
04:39
We don't construct
the whole world at once.
the whole world at once.
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Ne konstruišemo cijeli svijet odjednom.
04:42
We construct what we need in the moment.
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Konstruišemo samo ono
što nam je potrebno u trenutku.
što nam je potrebno u trenutku.
04:45
Now, there are many demonstrations
that are quite compelling
that are quite compelling
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Postoje mnogi dokazi,
koji su prilično uvjerljivi,
koji su prilično uvjerljivi,
04:48
that we construct what we see.
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da mi konstruišemo ono što vidimo.
04:50
I'll just show you two.
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Pokazaću vam dva.
04:52
In this example, you see some red discs
with bits cut out of them,
with bits cut out of them,
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U ovom primjeru, vidite crvene diskove
kojima su neki dijelovi izrezani,
kojima su neki dijelovi izrezani,
04:58
but if I just rotate
the disks a little bit,
the disks a little bit,
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ali ako samo malo zarotiram ove diskove,
05:01
suddenly, you see a 3D cube
pop out of the screen.
pop out of the screen.
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odjednom vidite trodimenzionalnu kocku
koja se pojavljuje na ekranu.
koja se pojavljuje na ekranu.
05:06
Now, the screen of course is flat,
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Ekran je naravno ravan,
05:09
so the three-dimensional cube
that you're experiencing
that you're experiencing
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stoga je trodimenzionalna kocka
koju vidite
koju vidite
05:11
must be your construction.
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samo vaša konstrukcija.
05:15
In this next example,
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U sljedećem primjeru,
05:17
you see glowing blue bars
with pretty sharp edges
with pretty sharp edges
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vidite svijetleće plave trake
prilično oštrih ivica
prilično oštrih ivica
05:21
moving across a field of dots.
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kako se kreću preko polja tačaka.
05:25
In fact, no dots move.
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U stvari, nijedna tačka se ne pomiče.
05:28
All I'm doing from frame to frame
is changing the colors of dots
is changing the colors of dots
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Sve što radim, iz kadra u kadar,
jeste mijenjanje boje tačaka
jeste mijenjanje boje tačaka
05:33
from blue to black or black to blue.
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iz plave u crnu, ili iz crne u plavu.
05:35
But when I do this quickly,
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Ali kada ovo radim brzo,
05:37
your visual system creates
the glowing blue bars
the glowing blue bars
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vaš vizuelni sistem kreira
svijetleće plave trake
svijetleće plave trake
05:41
with the sharp edges and the motion.
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oštrih ivica i u pokretu.
05:44
There are many more examples,
but these are just two
but these are just two
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Postoji još mnogo primjera,
a ovo su samo dva
a ovo su samo dva
05:46
that you construct what you see.
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da vi konstruišete ono što vidite.
05:49
But neuroscientists go further.
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Međutim neurolozi idu još dalje.
05:53
They say that we reconstruct reality.
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Oni tvrde da mi rekonstruišemo stvarnost.
05:58
So, when I have an experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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Tako kada imam iskustvo
koje opisujem kao crveni paradajz,
koje opisujem kao crveni paradajz,
06:02
that experience is actually
an accurate reconstruction
an accurate reconstruction
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to iskustvo je zapravo
tačna rekonstrukcija
tačna rekonstrukcija
06:06
of the properties of a real red tomato
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svojstava stvarnog crvenog paradajza
06:08
that would exist
even if I weren't looking.
even if I weren't looking.
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koji bi postojao čak i ako ne gledam.
06:13
Now, why would neuroscientists
say that we don't just construct,
say that we don't just construct,
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E sad, zašto neurolozi kažu
da mi ne samo da konstruišemo,
da mi ne samo da konstruišemo,
06:16
we reconstruct?
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nego i rekonstruišemo?
06:18
Well, the standard argument given
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Pa, standardni argument
06:21
is usually an evolutionary one.
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je uglavnom evolucioni.
06:24
Those of our ancestors
who saw more accurately
who saw more accurately
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Oni naši preci koji su vidjeli preciznije,
06:27
had a competitive advantage compared
to those who saw less accurately,
to those who saw less accurately,
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imali su konkurentsku prednost u odnosu
na one koji su vidjeli manje precizno,
na one koji su vidjeli manje precizno,
06:32
and therefore they were more likely
to pass on their genes.
to pass on their genes.
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i zato su su imali više izgleda
da prenose svoje gene.
da prenose svoje gene.
06:34
We are the offspring of those
who saw more accurately,
who saw more accurately,
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Mi smo potomci onih
koji su vidjeli preciznije,
koji su vidjeli preciznije,
06:38
and so we can be confident that,
in the normal case,
in the normal case,
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tako da možemo biti sigurni da su,
u normalnom slučaju,
u normalnom slučaju,
06:41
our perceptions are accurate.
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naše percepcije tačne.
06:43
You see this in the standard textbooks.
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Ovo piše u standardnim udžbenicima.
06:47
One textbook says, for example,
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U jednom udžbeniku stoji, na primjer, da
06:49
"Evolutionarily speaking,
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"U kontekstu evolucije,
06:51
vision is useful precisely
because it is so accurate."
because it is so accurate."
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vid je koristan baš zato
što je tako tačan."
što je tako tačan."
06:55
So the idea is that accurate perceptions
are fitter perceptions.
are fitter perceptions.
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Dakle ideja je da su tačne percepcije
pogodnije percepcije.
pogodnije percepcije.
07:00
They give you a survival advantage.
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Daju vam prednost za opstanak.
07:02
Now, is this correct?
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Ipak, da li je ovo ispravno?
07:04
Is this the right interpretation
of evolutionary theory?
of evolutionary theory?
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Je li ovo ispravna interpretacija
teorije evolucije?
teorije evolucije?
07:06
Well, let's first look at a couple
of examples in nature.
of examples in nature.
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Pa, prvo pogledajmo nekoliko primjera
iz prirode.
iz prirode.
07:10
The Australian jewel beetle
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Australijski krasnik
07:13
is dimpled, glossy and brown.
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je jamičast, sjajan i braon.
07:16
The female is flightless.
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Ženka ne može letjeti.
07:18
The male flies, looking,
of course, for a hot female.
of course, for a hot female.
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Mužjak leti, u potrazi, naravno,
za primamljivom ženkom.
za primamljivom ženkom.
07:22
When he finds one, he alights and mates.
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Kada je pronađe, sleti i pare se.
07:26
There's another species in the outback,
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Postoje još neke vrste
u australskoj divljni,
u australskoj divljni,
07:29
Homo sapiens.
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Homo sapiensi.
07:30
The male of this species
has a massive brain
has a massive brain
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Mužjak ove vrste ima masivan mozak
07:33
that he uses to hunt for cold beer.
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koji koristi za lov na hladno pivo.
07:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:39
And when he finds one, he drains it,
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Kada ga pronađe, iskapi ga,
07:41
and sometimes throws the bottle
into the outback.
into the outback.
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i ponekad baci flašu nazad u divljinu.
07:44
Now, as it happens, these bottles
are dimpled, glossy,
are dimpled, glossy,
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E sad ove boce imaju sitna ispupčenja,
sjajne su
sjajne su
07:49
and just the right shade of brown
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
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i takve nijanse smeđe
da zagolicaju maštu ovih buba.
da zagolicaju maštu ovih buba.
07:54
The males swarm all over
the bottles trying to mate.
the bottles trying to mate.
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Mužjaci se počnu rojiti
oko ovih boca, pokušavajući ih pariti.
oko ovih boca, pokušavajući ih pariti.
07:59
They lose all interest
in the real females.
in the real females.
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Gube sav interes za stvarne ženke.
08:02
Classic case of the male
leaving the female for the bottle.
leaving the female for the bottle.
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Klasični slučaj kad muškarac
napusti ženu zbog boce.
napusti ženu zbog boce.
08:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Aplauz)
08:11
The species almost went extinct.
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Ova vrsta insekata je skoro izumrla.
08:14
Australia had to change its bottles
to save its beetles.
to save its beetles.
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Australija je morala da promijeni
boce za pivo, kako bi spasila svoje bube.
boce za pivo, kako bi spasila svoje bube.
08:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:21
Now, the males had successfully
found females for thousands,
found females for thousands,
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Mužjaci su uspješno pronalazili ženke
08:25
perhaps millions of years.
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hiljadama, vjerovatno i milionima godina.
08:28
It looked like they saw reality
as it is, but apparently not.
as it is, but apparently not.
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Činilo se da su oni vidjeli stvarnost
onakvu kakva jeste, ali očigledno nisu.
onakvu kakva jeste, ali očigledno nisu.
08:32
Evolution had given them a hack.
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Evolucija im je omogućila hakovanje.
08:35
A female is anything dimpled,
glossy and brown,
glossy and brown,
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Ženka je sve što je bradavičasto,
sjajno i smeđe,
sjajno i smeđe,
08:40
the bigger the better.
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što veća to bolja.
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:44
Even when crawling all over the bottle,
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
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Čak i puzajući po cijeloj boci,
mužjak nije uvidio svoju grešku.
mužjak nije uvidio svoju grešku.
08:49
Now, you might say, beetles, sure,
they're very simple creatures,
they're very simple creatures,
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E sada, možete reći, bube, naravno,
one su veoma jednostavna stvorenja,
one su veoma jednostavna stvorenja,
08:53
but surely not mammals.
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ali takvi sigurno nisu sisari.
08:55
Mammals don't rely on tricks.
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Sisari se ne oslanjaju na trikove.
08:58
Well, I won't dwell on this,
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
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Pa ne bih se baš zadržavao na ovome,
ali ideja vam je jasna. (Smijeh)
ali ideja vam je jasna. (Smijeh)
09:04
So this raises an important
technical question:
technical question:
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Ovim se postavlja važno tehničko pitanje:
09:07
Does natural selection really favor
seeing reality as it is?
seeing reality as it is?
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da li prirodna selekcija zaista favorizuje
viđenje stvarnosti onakve kakva ona jeste?
viđenje stvarnosti onakve kakva ona jeste?
09:13
Fortunately, we don't have
to wave our hands and guess;
to wave our hands and guess;
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Srećom, ne moramo mahati rukama
i pogađati;
i pogađati;
09:17
evolution is a mathematically
precise theory.
precise theory.
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evolucija je matematički precizna teorija.
09:20
We can use the equations of evolution
to check this out.
to check this out.
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Možemo da ovo provjerimo
koristeći jednačine evolucije.
koristeći jednačine evolucije.
09:24
We can have various organisms
in artificial worlds compete
in artificial worlds compete
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Možemo, tako, da imamo različite organizme
koji se takmiče u vještačkim okruženjima
koji se takmiče u vještačkim okruženjima
09:28
and see which survive and which thrive,
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i da vidimo koji od njih će preživjeti
a koji će napredovati,
a koji će napredovati,
09:30
which sensory systems are more fit.
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čiji senzorni sistemi su podobniji.
09:33
A key notion in those
equations is fitness.
equations is fitness.
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Ključni pojam u ovim jednačinama
je podobnost.
je podobnost.
09:37
Consider this steak:
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Pogledajmo ovaj odrezak:
09:41
What does this steak do
for the fitness of an animal?
for the fitness of an animal?
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šta ovaj odrezak predstavlja
u kontekstu podobnosti životinje?
u kontekstu podobnosti životinje?
09:45
Well, for a hungry lion looking to eat,
it enhances fitness.
it enhances fitness.
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Pa, za gladnog lava koji traži hranu,
on povećava podobnost.
on povećava podobnost.
09:52
For a well-fed lion looking to mate,
it doesn't enhance fitness.
it doesn't enhance fitness.
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Za dobro uhranjenog lava koji je
u potrazi za parom, ne povećava podobnost.
u potrazi za parom, ne povećava podobnost.
09:58
And for a rabbit in any state,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
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I za zeca u bilo kojem stanju,
odrezak ne povećava podobnost,
odrezak ne povećava podobnost,
10:01
so fitness does depend
on reality as it is, yes,
on reality as it is, yes,
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tako da podobnost ne zavisi
od stvarnosti kakva jeste, da,
od stvarnosti kakva jeste, da,
10:06
but also on the organism,
its state and its action.
its state and its action.
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ali takođe i od organizma,
njegovog stanja i njegovog djelovanja.
njegovog stanja i njegovog djelovanja.
10:10
Fitness is not the same thing
as reality as it is,
as reality as it is,
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Podobnost nije isto
što i stvarnost kakva jeste,
što i stvarnost kakva jeste,
10:13
and it's fitness,
and not reality as it is,
and not reality as it is,
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i podobnost je ta,
ne stvarnost kakva jeste,
ne stvarnost kakva jeste,
10:17
that figures centrally
in the equations of evolution.
in the equations of evolution.
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koja je centralna tačka
u jednačini evolucije.
u jednačini evolucije.
10:21
So, in my lab,
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Tako, u mojoj laboratoriji,
10:24
we have run hundreds of thousands
of evolutionary game simulations
of evolutionary game simulations
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izvodili smo stotine hiljada
simulacija evolucijskih igara
simulacija evolucijskih igara
10:28
with lots of different
randomly chosen worlds
randomly chosen worlds
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sa mnogo različitih,
nasumice odabranih okruženja
nasumice odabranih okruženja
10:31
and organisms that compete
for resources in those worlds.
for resources in those worlds.
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i organizama koji se takmiče
za resurse u ovim okruženjima.
za resurse u ovim okruženjima.
10:35
Some of the organisms
see all of the reality,
see all of the reality,
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Neki organizmi vide cjelokupnu stvarnost,
10:39
others see just part of the reality,
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drugi vide samo njene dijelove,
10:41
and some see none of the reality,
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2105
dok drugi ne vide ništa od stvarnosti,
10:43
only fitness.
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samo podobnost.
10:46
Who wins?
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Ko pobjeđuje?
10:48
Well, I hate to break it to you,
but perception of reality goes extinct.
but perception of reality goes extinct.
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5965
Pa, mrzim što ovo moram da kažem,
ali percepcija stvarnosti izumire.
ali percepcija stvarnosti izumire.
10:54
In almost every simulation,
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1909
U skoro svakoj simulaciji,
10:56
organisms that see none of reality
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2182
organizmi koji nisu vidjeli
ništa od stvarnosti,
ništa od stvarnosti,
10:58
but are just tuned to fitness
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2090
ali su podobni
11:00
drive to extinction all the organisms
that perceive reality as it is.
that perceive reality as it is.
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5224
istrijebili su sve organizme
koji su vidjeli stvarnost kakva jeste.
koji su vidjeli stvarnost kakva jeste.
11:05
So the bottom line is, evolution
does not favor vertical,
does not favor vertical,
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4590
Tako da je zaključak
da evolucija ne favorizuje vertikalne,
da evolucija ne favorizuje vertikalne,
11:10
or accurate perceptions.
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ili tačne percepcije.
11:11
Those perceptions of reality go extinct.
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3762
Ovakve percepcije stvarnosti izumiru.
11:15
Now, this is a bit stunning.
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2020
Ovo je pomalo zapanjujuće.
11:17
How can it be that not seeing
the world accurately
the world accurately
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3682
Kako može biti da nam
to što ne vidimo svijet precizno
to što ne vidimo svijet precizno
11:21
gives us a survival advantage?
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1820
daje prednost za opstanak?
11:23
That is a bit counterintuitive.
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2113
Ovo je pomalo kontraproduktivno.
11:25
But remember the jewel beetle.
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1835
Ali, sjetite se australskog krasnika.
11:27
The jewel beetle survived
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
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3761
Krasnik je preživjeo
hiljadama, vjerovatno milionima godina,
hiljadama, vjerovatno milionima godina,
11:30
using simple tricks and hacks.
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2694
koristeći se jednostavim trikovima
i hakovima.
i hakovima.
11:33
What the equations
of evolution are telling us
of evolution are telling us
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3177
Ono što nam jednačine evolucije govore
11:36
is that all organisms, including us,
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
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5643
je da su svi organizmi uključujući i nas,
u istoj situaciji kao i buba krasnik.
u istoj situaciji kao i buba krasnik.
11:42
We do not see reality as it is.
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1930
Mi ne vidimo stvarnost kakva jeste.
11:44
We're shaped with tricks
and hacks that keep us alive.
and hacks that keep us alive.
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4272
Oblikovani smo trikovima i hakovima
koji nas održavaju u životu.
koji nas održavaju u životu.
11:48
Still,
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2020
Ipak,
11:50
we need some help with our intuitions.
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2067
potrebna je pomoć našim intuicijama.
11:52
How can not perceiving
reality as it is be useful?
reality as it is be useful?
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4783
Kako može biti korisno
da ne vidimo stvarnost kakva jeste?
da ne vidimo stvarnost kakva jeste?
11:57
Well, fortunately, we have
a very helpful metaphor:
a very helpful metaphor:
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Pa srećom, imamo veoma korisnu
metaforu:
metaforu:
12:01
the desktop interface on your computer.
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sučelje desktopa na vašem kompjuteru.
12:03
Consider that blue icon
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
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4133
Zamislite plavu ikonicu
za TED govor kojeg pišete.
za TED govor kojeg pišete.
12:08
Now, the icon is blue and rectangular
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4004
Ikonica je plava i pravougaona
12:12
and in the lower right corner
of the desktop.
of the desktop.
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2381
i nalazi se u donjem desnom uglu
na desktopu.
na desktopu.
12:15
Does that mean that the text file itself
in the computer is blue,
in the computer is blue,
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4186
Da li to znači da je i sam tekst
u kompjuteru plav,
u kompjuteru plav,
12:20
rectangular, and in the lower
right-hand corner of the computer?
right-hand corner of the computer?
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pravougaon,
i u donjem desnom dijelu kompjutera?
i u donjem desnom dijelu kompjutera?
12:23
Of course not.
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1323
Naravno da nije.
12:25
Anyone who thought that misinterprets
the purpose of the interface.
the purpose of the interface.
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4709
Svako ko tako misli
je pogrešno shvatio svrhu sučelja.
je pogrešno shvatio svrhu sučelja.
12:29
It's not there to show you
the reality of the computer.
the reality of the computer.
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2768
Ono nije tu da vam pokaže
stvarnost kompjutera.
stvarnost kompjutera.
12:32
In fact, it's there to hide that reality.
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2925
Ono je tu, zapravo,
da sakrije tu stvarnost.
da sakrije tu stvarnost.
12:35
You don't want to know about the diodes
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1875
Ne želite znati o diodama
12:37
and resistors and all
the megabytes of software.
the megabytes of software.
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2250
rezistorima i svim megabajtima softvera.
12:39
If you had to deal with that,
you could never write your text file
you could never write your text file
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3131
Ako biste se bavili ovim
nikada ne biste napisali tekst
nikada ne biste napisali tekst
12:42
or edit your photo.
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1475
ili uredili fotografiju.
12:44
So the idea is that evolution
has given us an interface
has given us an interface
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4717
Stoga, ideja je da nam je
evolucija omogućila sučelje
evolucija omogućila sučelje
12:49
that hides reality and guides
adaptive behavior.
adaptive behavior.
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4315
koje prikriva stvarnost
i vodič je prilagodljivom ponašanju.
i vodič je prilagodljivom ponašanju.
12:53
Space and time, as you
perceive them right now,
perceive them right now,
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Prostor i vrijeme,
kako ih vi sada doživljavate,
kako ih vi sada doživljavate,
12:56
are your desktop.
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su vaš desktop.
12:58
Physical objects are simply icons
in that desktop.
in that desktop.
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4737
Fizički objekti su samo ikonice
na desktopu.
na desktopu.
13:04
There's an obvious objection.
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2221
To je očigledno.
13:06
Hoffman, if you think that train
coming down the track at 200 MPH
coming down the track at 200 MPH
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3948
Hoffman, ako misliš da je voz
koji juri prugom 200 milja/h
koji juri prugom 200 milja/h
13:10
is just an icon of your desktop,
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2461
samo ikonica na tvom kompjuteru,
13:12
why don't you step in front of it?
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2125
zašto ne staneš pred njega?
13:14
And after you're gone,
and your theory with you,
and your theory with you,
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2293
I nakon što te više ne bude,
kao ni tvoje teorije,
kao ni tvoje teorije,
13:17
we'll know that there's more
to that train than just an icon.
to that train than just an icon.
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3314
znaćemo da je taj voz
nešto više od ikonice.
nešto više od ikonice.
13:20
Well, I wouldn't step
in front of that train
in front of that train
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2043
Pa, ja ne bih stao pred taj voz
13:22
for the same reason
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1556
iz istog razloga
13:24
that I wouldn't carelessly drag
that icon to the trash can:
that icon to the trash can:
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4295
iz kojeg ne bih neoprezno tu ikonicu
bacio u kantu za smeće:
bacio u kantu za smeće:
13:28
not because I take the icon literally --
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3181
ne zato što doživljavam samu
ikonicu doslovno -
ikonicu doslovno -
13:31
the file is not literally blue
or rectangular --
or rectangular --
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3005
fajl nije doslovno plav ili pravougaon -
13:34
but I do take it seriously.
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2326
ali je ipak ozbiljno tretiram.
13:37
I could lose weeks of work.
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2031
Mogao bih izgubiti sedmice rada.
13:39
Similarly, evolution has shaped us
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2554
Slično tome, evolucija nas je oblikovala
13:41
with perceptual symbols
that are designed to keep us alive.
that are designed to keep us alive.
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4436
uz pomoć simbola opažanja
dizajniranih da nas održe živima.
dizajniranih da nas održe živima.
13:46
We'd better take them seriously.
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2465
Bolje da ih shvatimo ozbiljno.
13:49
If you see a snake, don't pick it up.
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2205
Ako ugledate zmiju, nemojte je podizati.
13:52
If you see a cliff, don't jump off.
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2759
Ako ugledate liticu,
nemojte skočiti s nje.
nemojte skočiti s nje.
13:55
They're designed to keep us safe,
and we should take them seriously.
and we should take them seriously.
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823150
3576
Ovi simboli su dizajnirani zbog naše
bezbjednosti i treba ih shvatati ozbiljno.
bezbjednosti i treba ih shvatati ozbiljno.
13:58
That does not mean that we
should take them literally.
should take them literally.
247
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2691
To ipak ne znači da ih trebamo
shvatati doslovno.
shvatati doslovno.
14:01
That's a logical error.
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2254
To je logička greška.
14:03
Another objection: There's
nothing really new here.
nothing really new here.
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3205
Još jedna primjedba: ništa od ovog
nije zapravo novo.
nije zapravo novo.
14:06
Physicists have told us for a long time
that the metal of that train looks solid
that the metal of that train looks solid
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3924
Fizičari nam već dugo ukazuju na to
da metal tog voza djeluje čvrsto
da metal tog voza djeluje čvrsto
14:10
but really it's mostly empty space
with microscopic particles zipping around.
with microscopic particles zipping around.
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4388
ali je zapravo najviše prazan prostor sa
mikroskopskim česticama koje jure naokolo.
mikroskopskim česticama koje jure naokolo.
14:15
There's nothing new here.
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1488
Ovdje ništa nije novo.
14:16
Well, not exactly.
253
844676
2204
Pa, i ne baš.
14:18
It's like saying, I know that
that blue icon on the desktop
that blue icon on the desktop
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4040
To je kao da kažete,
znam da ta plava ikonica na desktop-u
znam da ta plava ikonica na desktop-u
14:22
is not the reality of the computer,
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2299
ne predstavlja stvarnost tog kompjutera,
14:25
but if I pull out my trusty
magnifying glass and look really closely,
magnifying glass and look really closely,
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3459
ali ako bih uzeo lupu i zagledao
se u nju izbliza,
se u nju izbliza,
14:28
I see little pixels,
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1811
vidio bih sitne piksele,
14:30
and that's the reality of the computer.
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858489
2461
i to je stvarnost kompjutera.
14:32
Well, not really -- you're still
on the desktop, and that's the point.
on the desktop, and that's the point.
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3808
Pa, i ne baš - još uvijek
ste na desktop-u, i to je sva poenta.
ste na desktop-u, i to je sva poenta.
14:36
Those microscopic particles
are still in space and time:
are still in space and time:
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864758
2996
Ove mikrosopske čestice i dalje postoje
u prostoru i vremenu
u prostoru i vremenu
14:39
they're still in the user interface.
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867754
2391
još uvijek su u sučelju korisnika.
14:42
So I'm saying something far more radical
than those physicists.
than those physicists.
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Tako da ja iznosim nešto znatno
radikalnije od ovih fizičara.
radikalnije od ovih fizičara.
14:46
Finally, you might object,
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Napokon, možete mi prigovoriti,
14:48
look, we all see the train,
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vidi, svi mi vidimo voz,
14:50
therefore none of us constructs the train.
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samim tim niko od nas ne konstruiše voz.
14:53
But remember this example.
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Ali, zapamtite ovaj primjer.
14:55
In this example, we all see a cube,
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U ovom primjeru, svi mi vidimo kocku,
14:59
but the screen is flat,
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ali ekran je ravan,
15:01
so the cube that you see
is the cube that you construct.
is the cube that you construct.
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tako da je kocka koju vidite
kocka koju ste sami stvorili.
kocka koju ste sami stvorili.
15:05
We all see a cube
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2043
Svi vidimo kocku
15:07
because we all, each one of us,
constructs the cube that we see.
constructs the cube that we see.
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4859
jer smo svi mi, svi do jednog,
stvorili kocku koju vidimo.
stvorili kocku koju vidimo.
15:12
The same is true of the train.
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Isto važi i za voz.
15:14
We all see a train because
we each see the train that we construct,
we each see the train that we construct,
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Svi vidimo voz jer
svi vidimo voz koji smo konstruisali,
svi vidimo voz koji smo konstruisali,
15:19
and the same is true
of all physical objects.
of all physical objects.
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i isto vrijedi za sve fizičke predmete.
15:24
We're inclined to think that perception
is like a window on reality as it is.
is like a window on reality as it is.
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Skloni smo da mislimo da je opažanje nešto
poput prozora u stvarnost kakva jeste.
poput prozora u stvarnost kakva jeste.
15:29
The theory of evolution is telling us
that this is an incorrect interpretation
that this is an incorrect interpretation
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Teorija evolucije nam govori da je ovo
pogrešno tumačenje
pogrešno tumačenje
15:34
of our perceptions.
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naših opažanja.
15:37
Instead, reality is more like a 3D desktop
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Naprotiv, stvarnost je više poput
trodimenzionalnog desktop-a
trodimenzionalnog desktop-a
15:40
that's designed to hide
the complexity of the real world
the complexity of the real world
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dizajniranog tako da sakrije
složenost realnog svijeta
složenost realnog svijeta
15:43
and guide adaptive behavior.
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i usmjerava prilagodljivo ponašanje.
15:46
Space as you perceive it is your desktop.
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Prostor kako ga opažate je desktop.
15:49
Physical objects are just
the icons in that desktop.
the icons in that desktop.
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Fizički predmeti su samo ikonice
na tom dekstop-u.
na tom dekstop-u.
15:53
We used to think that the Earth is flat
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Nekad smo mislili da je Zemlja ravna ploča
jer je tako izgledalo.
jer je tako izgledalo.
15:57
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of reality
is the unmoving center of reality
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3134
Onda smo mislili da je Zemlja
nepokretni centar stvarnosti
nepokretni centar stvarnosti
16:00
because it looks that way.
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jer je tako izgledalo.
16:02
We were wrong.
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Pogriješili smo.
16:03
We had misinterpreted our perceptions.
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Pogrešno smo protumačili naša opažanja,
16:06
Now we believe that spacetime and objects
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Sada vjerujemo da su
vrijeme/prostor i predmeti
vrijeme/prostor i predmeti
16:10
are the nature of reality as it is.
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2614
priroda stvarnosti kakva jeste.
16:13
The theory of evolution is telling us
that once again, we're wrong.
that once again, we're wrong.
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3924
Teorija evolucije nam kaže
da opet griješimo.
da opet griješimo.
16:17
We're misinterpreting the content
of our perceptual experiences.
of our perceptual experiences.
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965377
5039
Pogrešno tumačimo sadržaj
naših perceptivnih iskustava.
naših perceptivnih iskustava.
16:22
There's something that exists
when you don't look,
when you don't look,
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2531
Nešto postoji kada ne gledate
16:24
but it's not spacetime
and physical objects.
and physical objects.
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3403
ali to nije vrijeme/prostor
niti su to fizički objekti.
niti su to fizički objekti.
16:28
It's as hard for us to let go
of spacetime and objects
of spacetime and objects
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3028
Ali nama je teško otpustiti
vrijeme/prostor i predmete
vrijeme/prostor i predmete
16:31
as it is for the jewel beetle
to let go of its bottle.
to let go of its bottle.
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979378
3483
kao što je teško za bubu krasnika
da pusti svoju flašu.
da pusti svoju flašu.
16:34
Why? Because we're blind
to our own blindnesses.
to our own blindnesses.
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Zašto? Zato što smo slijepi
za naše sopstveno sljepilo.
za naše sopstveno sljepilo.
16:40
But we have an advantage
over the jewel beetle:
over the jewel beetle:
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988409
2347
Ali, imamo prednost
u odnosu na bubu krasnika:
u odnosu na bubu krasnika:
16:42
our science and technology.
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u našoj nauci i tehnologiji.
16:44
By peering through the lens of a telescope
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2391
Gledajući kroz leće teleskopa
16:46
we discovered that the Earth
is not the unmoving center of reality,
is not the unmoving center of reality,
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4636
otkrili smo da Zemlja
nije nepokretni centar stvarnosti,
nije nepokretni centar stvarnosti,
16:51
and by peering through the lens
of the theory of evolution
of the theory of evolution
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2878
i gledajući kroz leće teorije evolucije,
16:54
we discovered that spacetime and objects
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2322
otkrili smo da vrijeme/prostor i predmeti
16:56
are not the nature of reality.
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2368
nisu prava priroda stvarnosti.
16:59
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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4285
Kada proživljavam perceptivno iskustvo
koje opisujem kao crveni paradajz,
koje opisujem kao crveni paradajz,
17:03
I am interacting with reality,
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2937
ja sam u interakciji sa stvarnošću,
17:06
but that reality is not a red tomato
and is nothing like a red tomato.
and is nothing like a red tomato.
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5210
ali ta stvarnost nije crveni paradajz
i nije ni slična crvenom paradajzu.
i nije ni slična crvenom paradajzu.
17:11
Similarly, when I have an experience
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
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5401
Slično tome, kada imam iskustvo
koje opisujem kao lav ili odrezak,
koje opisujem kao lav ili odrezak,
17:16
I'm interacting with reality,
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1848
ja sam u inetarkciji sa stvarnošću,
17:18
but that reality is not a lion or a steak.
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3158
ali ta stvarnost nije lav ili odrezak.
17:21
And here's the kicker:
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1029978
2020
U ovome je fora:
17:23
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
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4690
kada imam perceptivno iskustvo
koje opisujem kao mozak, ili neurone,
koje opisujem kao mozak, ili neurone,
17:28
I am interacting with reality,
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2090
ja sam u interakciji sa stvarnošću,
17:30
but that reality is not a brain or neurons
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3529
ali ta stvarnost nije mozak ili neoroni,
17:34
and is nothing like a brain or neurons.
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3498
niti je slična mozgu ili neuronima.
17:37
And that reality, whatever it is,
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1045805
4779
I ta stvarnost, što god ona bila,
17:42
is the real source of cause and effect
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3611
je stvarni izvor uzroka i posljedice
17:46
in the world -- not brains, not neurons.
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1054195
4032
u svijetu -
to nije mozak niti su to neuroni.
to nije mozak niti su to neuroni.
17:50
Brains and neurons
have no causal powers.
have no causal powers.
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1058227
2600
Mozak i neuroni nemaju uzročne moći.
17:52
They cause none of our
perceptual experiences,
perceptual experiences,
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1060827
2601
Oni nisu uzrokom nijednog
od naših perceptivnih iskustava,
od naših perceptivnih iskustava,
17:55
and none of our behavior.
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1063428
1788
niti našeg ponašanja.
17:57
Brains and neurons are a species-specific
set of symbols, a hack.
set of symbols, a hack.
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1065216
5376
Mozak i neuroni su vrste - specifični skup
simbola, hakovanje.
simbola, hakovanje.
18:02
What does this mean
for the mystery of consciousness?
for the mystery of consciousness?
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2681
Šta ovo znači za misteriju svjesnosti?
18:05
Well, it opens up new possibilities.
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3993
Pa, otvara nove mogućnosti.
18:09
For instance,
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1077916
1695
Na primjer,
18:11
perhaps reality is some vast machine
that causes our conscious experiences.
that causes our conscious experiences.
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1079611
6979
uzmimo da je stvarnost neka ogromna mašina
koja uzrokuje naša svjesna iskustva.
koja uzrokuje naša svjesna iskustva.
18:18
I doubt this, but it's worth exploring.
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1086590
3670
Sumnjam u to, ali je vrijedno istražiti.
18:22
Perhaps reality is some vast,
interacting network of conscious agents,
interacting network of conscious agents,
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1090260
5349
Pretpostavimo da je stvarnost velika mreža
interakcija između agenata svjesnosti,
interakcija između agenata svjesnosti,
18:27
simple and complex, that cause
each other's conscious experiences.
each other's conscious experiences.
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1095609
5573
jednostavna i kompleksna, koja uzrokuje
međusobna iskustva svjesnosti.
međusobna iskustva svjesnosti.
18:33
Actually, this isn't as crazy
an idea as it seems,
an idea as it seems,
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1101182
3250
Zapravo, ovo nije tako blesava ideja
kao što se čini,
kao što se čini,
18:36
and I'm currently exploring it.
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1104432
1620
i ja je trenutno istražujem,
18:38
But here's the point:
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1106592
2066
Ali, u ovome je poenta:
18:40
Once we let go of our massively intuitive
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1108658
3321
jednom kada se odreknemo
naše uveliko intuitivne
naše uveliko intuitivne
18:43
but massively false assumption
about the nature of reality,
about the nature of reality,
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1111979
3924
ali jako pogrešne pretpostavke
o prirodi same stvarnosti,
o prirodi same stvarnosti,
18:47
it opens up new ways to think
about life's greatest mystery.
about life's greatest mystery.
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1115903
4388
otvoriće se nove perspektive
o najvećoj misteriji života.
o najvećoj misteriji života.
18:53
I bet that reality will end up
turning out to be more fascinating
turning out to be more fascinating
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1121251
4609
Kladim se da će se stvarnost
pokazati fascinantnijom
pokazati fascinantnijom
18:57
and unexpected than we've ever imagined.
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1125860
3974
i više nepredvidivom
nego što smo ikada zamišljali.
nego što smo ikada zamišljali.
19:01
The theory of evolution presents us
with the ultimate dare:
with the ultimate dare:
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1129834
4388
Teorija evolucije daje nam konačni izazov:
19:06
Dare to recognize that perception
is not about seeing truth,
is not about seeing truth,
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1134222
5142
usudi se prepoznati da opažanje
nije u tome da se spozna istina,
nije u tome da se spozna istina,
19:11
it's about having kids.
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1139364
4096
nego da se rađaju djeca.
19:15
And by the way, even this TED
is just in your head.
is just in your head.
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1143460
4740
I usput, čak je ovaj TED
samo u vašim glavama.
samo u vašim glavama.
19:20
Thank you very much.
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1148200
2044
Hvala vam mnogo.
19:22
(Applause)
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1150244
3388
(Aplauz)
19:32
Chris Anderson: If that's
really you there, thank you.
really you there, thank you.
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1160786
3435
Chris Anderson: Ako ste to stvarno
Vi tamo, hvala Vam.
Vi tamo, hvala Vam.
19:36
So there's so much from this.
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1164221
2931
Toliko toga je u ovome.
19:39
I mean, first of all, some people
may just be profoundly depressed
may just be profoundly depressed
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1167152
3269
Mislim, prije svega, neki ljudi
mogu postati duboko depresivni
mogu postati duboko depresivni
19:42
at the thought that,
if evolution does not favor reality,
if evolution does not favor reality,
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1170421
5549
razmišljajući o tome da,
ako evolucija ne favorizuje stvarnost,
ako evolucija ne favorizuje stvarnost,
19:47
I mean, doesn't that to some extent
undermine all our endeavors here,
undermine all our endeavors here,
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1175970
3330
zar to u nekoj mjeri,
ne podriva sva naša nastojanja,
ne podriva sva naša nastojanja,
19:51
all our ability to think
that we can think the truth,
that we can think the truth,
348
1179300
2684
našu sposobnost da mislimo
da možemo saznati istinu,
da možemo saznati istinu,
19:53
possibly even including
your own theory, if you go there?
your own theory, if you go there?
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1181984
3506
vjerovatno ukjučujući i vašu teoriju,
ako idemo tako daleko?
ako idemo tako daleko?
19:57
Donald Hoffman: Well, this does not
stop us from a successful science.
stop us from a successful science.
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1185490
4454
Donald Hoffman: Pa, ovo ne sprečava
uspjeh u nauci.
uspjeh u nauci.
20:01
What we have is one theory
that turned out to be false,
that turned out to be false,
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1189944
2812
Ono što imamo je jedna teorija,
koja se pokazala krivom,
koja se pokazala krivom,
20:04
that perception is like reality
and reality is like our perceptions.
and reality is like our perceptions.
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4459
da je opažanje isto što stvarnost,
i da je stvarnost ono što opažamo.
i da je stvarnost ono što opažamo.
20:09
That theory turns out to be false.
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1685
Ta teorija se pokazala pogrešnom.
20:10
Okay, throw that theory away.
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1198900
1418
OK, odbacimo tu teoriju.
20:12
That doesn't stop us from now postulating
all sorts of other theories
all sorts of other theories
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1200318
3254
To nas ne sprečava da postulišemo
razne vrste drugih teorija,
razne vrste drugih teorija,
20:15
about the nature of reality,
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1203572
1358
o prirodi stvarnosti,
20:16
so it's actually progress to recognize
that one of our theories was false.
that one of our theories was false.
357
1204930
3605
tako da je napredak prepoznati
da je jedna od naših teorija neispravna.
da je jedna od naših teorija neispravna.
20:20
So science continues as normal.
There's no problem here.
There's no problem here.
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1208535
2658
Nauka nastavlja kao i inače.
Nema problema tu.
Nema problema tu.
20:23
CA: So you think it's possible
-- (Laughter) --
-- (Laughter) --
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1211193
2601
CA: Znači mislite da je moguće
- (Smijeh) -
- (Smijeh) -
20:25
This is cool, but what you're saying
I think is it's possible that evolution
I think is it's possible that evolution
360
1213794
4110
To je cool, ali ono što Vi kažete,
mislim, da je moguće da vas evolucija
mislim, da je moguće da vas evolucija
20:29
can still get you to reason.
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1217904
2647
ipak može urazumiti.
20:32
DH: Yes. Now that's a very,
very good point.
very good point.
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1220551
2313
DH: Da. To je vrlo, vrlo dobra poenta.
20:34
The evolutionary game simulations that I
showed were specifically about perception,
showed were specifically about perception,
363
1222864
4527
Simulacije evolucijskih igara koje sam
pokazao su konkretno o našim opažanjima,
pokazao su konkretno o našim opažanjima,
20:39
and they do show that our perceptions
have been shaped
have been shaped
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1227391
2578
i one pokazuju da naša opažanja
nisu oblikovana tako
nisu oblikovana tako
20:41
not to show us reality as it is,
365
1229969
1880
da nam pokažu stvarnost kakva jeste,
20:43
but that does not mean the same thing
about our logic or mathematics.
about our logic or mathematics.
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1231849
4273
ali to nije ista stvar sa našom logikom
ili matematikom.
ili matematikom.
20:48
We haven't done these simulations,
but my bet is that we'll find
but my bet is that we'll find
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1236122
3622
Nismo radili takve simulacije,
ali se kladim da ćemo otkriti
ali se kladim da ćemo otkriti
20:51
that there are some selection pressures
for our logic and our mathematics
for our logic and our mathematics
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1239744
3622
da postoje određeni selekcijski pritisci
na našu logiku i matematiku
na našu logiku i matematiku
20:55
to be at least in the direction of truth.
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1243366
2206
da se makar kreću u pravcu istine.
20:57
I mean, if you're like me,
math and logic is not easy.
math and logic is not easy.
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1245572
2647
Mislim, ako ste poput mene,
matematika i logika nisu lagane.
matematika i logika nisu lagane.
21:00
We don't get it all right, but at least
the selection pressures are not
the selection pressures are not
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1248219
3351
Ne shvatamo ih kako treba,
ali barem selekcijski pritisci
ali barem selekcijski pritisci
nisu ravnomjerno daleko
od stvarne matematike i logike.
od stvarne matematike i logike.
21:03
uniformly away from true math and logic.
372
1251570
2338
21:05
So I think that we'll find that we have
to look at each cognitive faculty
to look at each cognitive faculty
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1253908
3320
Mislim da ćemo otkriti da moramo
posmatrati svaku kognitivnu sposobnost
posmatrati svaku kognitivnu sposobnost
21:09
one at a time and see
what evolution does to it.
what evolution does to it.
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1257228
2624
pojedinačno, i vidjeti šta
evolucija radi svakoj od njih.
evolucija radi svakoj od njih.
21:11
What's true about perception may not
be true about math and logic.
be true about math and logic.
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1259852
3761
Ono što je istinito za opažanje, možda
nije istinito i za matematiku i logiku.
nije istinito i za matematiku i logiku.
21:15
CA: I mean, really what you're proposing
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
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1263613
3994
CA: Mislim, zaista, ono što Vi predlažete
je nešto poput savremene
je nešto poput savremene
interpretacije svijeta biskupa Berkeley-a:
21:19
interpretation of the world:
377
1267607
2391
21:21
consciousness causes matter,
not the other way around.
not the other way around.
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1269998
2949
svijest kreira materiju, ne obratno.
21:24
DH: Well, it's slightly
different than Berkeley.
different than Berkeley.
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2392
DH: Pa, malo je drugačije od Berkeley-a.
21:27
Berkeley thought that, he was a deist,
and he thought that the ultimate
and he thought that the ultimate
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1275339
3362
Berkley je smatrao da, on je bio vjernik,
i mislio je da je krajnja
i mislio je da je krajnja
21:30
nature of reality is God
and so forth,
and so forth,
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1278701
2039
priroda stvarnosti bog i tako dalje,
21:32
and I don't need to go
where Berkeley's going,
where Berkeley's going,
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1280740
3110
i ja ne idem tamo gdje je on išao,
21:35
so it's quite a bit
different from Berkeley.
different from Berkeley.
383
1283850
2695
tako da je malo drugačije od Berkeley-a.
21:39
I call this conscious realism.
It's actually a very different approach.
It's actually a very different approach.
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1287725
3510
Ja ovo zovem realizmom svjesnosti.
Zapravo je veoma drugačiji pristup.
Zapravo je veoma drugačiji pristup.
21:43
CA: Don, I could literally talk with you
for hours, and I hope to do that.
for hours, and I hope to do that.
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1291235
3590
CA: Don, ja doslovno mogu pričati s Vama
satima, i nadam se da će biti tako.
satima, i nadam se da će biti tako.
21:46
Thanks so much for that.
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
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1294825
2473
Hvala mnogo na tome.
DH: Hvala Vama. (Aplauz)
DH: Hvala Vama. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientistDonald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality.
Why you should listen
In his research to uncover the underlying secrets of human perception, Donald Hoffman has discovered important clues pointing to the subjective nature of reality.
Rather than as a set of absolute physical principles, reality is best understood as a set of phenomena our brain constructs to guide our behavior. To put it simply: we actively create everything we see, and there is no aspect of reality that does not depend on consciousness.
Hoffman is a faculty member at UC Irvine and a recipient of the Troland Award of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Donald Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com