Donald Hoffman: Do we see reality as it is?
دونالد هافمن: آیا واقعیت را همانطور که هست می بینیم
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
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unsolved mystery in science,
between your brain
of the taste of chocolate
as a state of consciousness comes about
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
عجیب و غیر قابل باور هست."
it was a mystery.
about brain activity,
فعالیت مغز به دست اومد٬
between brain activity
is still a mystery.
that we can't solve this problem
که این مساله قابل حلی نیست
concepts and intelligence.
problems in quantum mechanics,
که مسائل مکانیک کوانتومی را حل بکنن٬
our species to solve this problem either.
که بتونن این معما را حل بکنن.
من خوشبینتر هستم.
made a false assumption.
might solve this problem.
میتونیم معما را هم حل بکنیم.
what that assumption is,
اصلاحش کرد.
as a red tomato a meter away.
مجسم میکنم.
that in reality,
changes to a gray field,
زمینه خاکستری تغییر میکنه٬
there's a red tomato a meter away?
فاصله یک ما وجود داره؟
ولی نظر من هم میتواند اشتباه باشد!
the nature of my perceptions?
صحیح نباشد؟
our perceptions before.
صحیح نبوده است!
because it looks that way.
چون همیشه صاف به نظر میرسه.
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
در مرکز جهان هستی قرار گرفته،
again, that we were wrong.
دوباره ما در اشتباهیم.
be misinterpreting our experiences
تجربیات وآگاهی هایمان هم اشتباه باشد
odors, colors, and so on
رنگ و بو و این قبیل چیزها
all these qualities would be annihilated."
تمامی این ویژگیها نیز می بایست نابود شوند."
our experiences that badly?
آگاهی هایمان میتونه غلط باشه؟
have to say about this?
that about a third of the brain's cortex
حدود یک سوم از قشر مغز
and look about this room,
به فضای این اتاق میندازین٬
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
فعال میشن.
we think about vision at all,
اطلاع داریم٬
of objective reality as it is.
شکلی که هست عکس میگیره.
that's like a camera:
دقیقا مانند دوربین است:
an image on the back of the eye
چشم متمرکز میکنه
photoreceptors,
چشم شبیه یک دروبین ۱۳۰ مگا پیکسلی هست.
the billions of neurons
that are engaged in vision.
فعالند را توجیه نمیکنن.
that they are creating, in real time,
تمامی اشکال٬ اشیاء٬ رنگها و حرکاتی را که،
and motions that we see.
برای ما خلق میکنند.
of this room the way it is,
یک عکس فوری میگیره٬
everything that we see.
به شکلی که هستن در مغز میسازیم.
the whole world at once.
بازسازی کرد.
که در لحظه بهشون نیاز داریم.
that are quite compelling
کاملا قانع کننده به نظر میرسن که
with bits cut out of them,
که یک تکه از اونا کنده شده٬
the disks a little bit,
pop out of the screen.
داره از صفحه نمایش بیرون میاد.
that you're experiencing
with pretty sharp edges
تقریبا صاف را مشاهده میکنین
is changing the colors of dots
نقطه ها را فریم به فریم عوض میکنم.
the glowing blue bars
میله های آبی درخشان را میسازه
در حال حرکت هستند.
but these are just two
در مغزتون میسازین.
که انسانها حقیقت را بازسازی میکنن.
that I describe as a red tomato,
an accurate reconstruction
even if I weren't looking.
وجود خواهد داشت.
say that we don't just construct,
ما فقط تصاویر را ساخته نمی سازیم بلکه٬
who saw more accurately
دقیق تری داشتند
to those who saw less accurately,
داشتن٬ یک مزیت رقابتی داشتن٬
to pass on their genes.
مایل به انتقال ژن های خود بودند.
who saw more accurately,
in the normal case,
متوجه میشین.
because it is so accurate."
خیلی واضح و دقیق است."
are fitter perceptions.
نگرشهای مناسبتری هستن.
of evolutionary theory?
of examples in nature.
نگاه کنیم.
of course, for a hot female.
جفت گیری میکنه.
وجود دارند٬
has a massive brain
بهره میگیره.
خالی میکنه٬
into the outback.
جای دور افتاده میندازه.
are dimpled, glossy,
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
سوسکها را به خودشون جذب میکنن.
the bottles trying to mate.
هجوم میارن.
in the real females.
سوسکهای ماده از بین بره
leaving the female for the bottle.
آبجو خانم ها را ترک میکنن.
to save its beetles.
بطری هاش را عوض کنه.
found females for thousands,
با موفقیت انسان ماده را پیدا کنه.
as it is, but apparently not.
دریافت کردن ولی ظاهرا اینطور نیست.
glossy and brown,
براق و قهوه ای هست.
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
جنس نر متوجه اشتباه خود نیست.
they're very simple creatures,
سادهای هست میتونه صحت داشته باشه٬ ولی
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
ولی منظورم را میفهمید.( خنده)
technical question:
seeing reality as it is?
را به شکلی که هست ببینه؟
to wave our hands and guess;
بدهیم و از خودمون حدس بزنیم.
precise theory.
to check this out.
موضوع استفاده کنیم.
in artificial worlds compete
مصنوعی با هم مقایسه کنیم و
وکدام رشد میکنه،
equations is fitness.
سازگاری است.
for the fitness of an animal?
انجام میده؟
it enhances fitness.
فیتنس را افزایش میده.
it doesn't enhance fitness.
جفت گیری کنه٬ فیتنس را افزایش نمیده.
it doesn't enhance fitness,
فیتنس را افزایش نمیده
on reality as it is, yes,
شدیدا بستگی داره٬ بله
its state and its action.
بستگی داره.
as reality as it is,
and not reality as it is,
in the equations of evolution.
of evolutionary game simulations
اجرا کردیم
randomly chosen worlds
انتخاب شده بودند
for resources in those worlds.
این دنیاها رقابت میکردن.
see all of the reality,
را میدیدن٬
از واقعیت را نمیدیدن
but perception of reality goes extinct.
that perceive reality as it is.
does not favor vertical,
the world accurately
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
of evolution are telling us
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
and hacks that keep us alive.
reality as it is be useful?
a very helpful metaphor:
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
of the desktop.
in the computer is blue,
right-hand corner of the computer?
the purpose of the interface.
the reality of the computer.
the megabytes of software.
you could never write your text file
شما هرگز قادر نبودید فایل متنی تان را بنویسید
has given us an interface
adaptive behavior.
perceive them right now,
in that desktop.
coming down the track at 200 MPH
در حال حرکت است
and your theory with you,
to that train than just an icon.
in front of that train
that icon to the trash can:
or rectangular --
that are designed to keep us alive.
and we should take them seriously.
و ما نباید آنها را شوخی بگیریم.
should take them literally.
nothing really new here.
that the metal of that train looks solid
with microscopic particles zipping around.
that blue icon on the desktop
magnifying glass and look really closely,
و به دقت از نزدیک بنگرم،
on the desktop, and that's the point.
are still in space and time:
than those physicists.
از آن فیزیک دانان به شما بگویم.
is the cube that you construct.
constructs the cube that we see.
we each see the train that we construct,
زیرا هر کدام از ما قطاری را که ساخته ایم می بینیم،
of all physical objects.
is like a window on reality as it is.
شبیه به پنجره ای به واقعیت همانگونه که است می باشد.
that this is an incorrect interpretation
the complexity of the real world
the icons in that desktop.
because it looks that way.
is the unmoving center of reality
that once again, we're wrong.
of our perceptual experiences.
when you don't look,
and physical objects.
of spacetime and objects
to let go of its bottle.
to our own blindnesses.
over the jewel beetle:
is not the unmoving center of reality,
of the theory of evolution
that I describe as a red tomato,
به صورت یک گوجه قرمز توصیفش می کنم،
and is nothing like a red tomato.
و چیزی شبیه یک گوجه قرمز نمی باشد.
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
بصورت یک شیر جنگل یا یک استیک توصیفش می کنم،
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
که بصورت مغز یا اعصاب توصیفش میکنم،
have no causal powers.
perceptual experiences,
set of symbols, a hack.
for the mystery of consciousness?
that causes our conscious experiences.
interacting network of conscious agents,
each other's conscious experiences.
an idea as it seems,
about the nature of reality,
about life's greatest mystery.
turning out to be more fascinating
with the ultimate dare:
is not about seeing truth,
is just in your head.
really you there, thank you.
may just be profoundly depressed
if evolution does not favor reality,
undermine all our endeavors here,
that we can think the truth,
your own theory, if you go there?
stop us from a successful science.
that turned out to be false,
and reality is like our perceptions.
all sorts of other theories
that one of our theories was false.
یکی از تئوری هایمان غلط بوده است.
There's no problem here.
-- (Laughter) --
I think is it's possible that evolution
احتمال دارد که تکامل
very good point.
showed were specifically about perception,
have been shaped
about our logic or mathematics.
but my bet is that we'll find
اما من شرط می بندم که آن را خواهیم یافت
for our logic and our mathematics
math and logic is not easy.
ریاضی و منطق ساده نیستند.
the selection pressures are not
to look at each cognitive faculty
what evolution does to it.
be true about math and logic.
در مورد ریاضی و منطق درست نباشد.
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
یکجور تفسیر مدرن بیشاپ برکلی
not the other way around.
different than Berkeley.
and he thought that the ultimate
and so forth,
where Berkeley's going,
different from Berkeley.
It's actually a very different approach.
این یک رویکرد واقعاً متفاوت است.
for hours, and I hope to do that.
و امیدوارم که اینگونه باشد.
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
دونالند هافمن: سپاسگزارم (تشویق)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientistDonald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality.
Why you should listen
In his research to uncover the underlying secrets of human perception, Donald Hoffman has discovered important clues pointing to the subjective nature of reality.
Rather than as a set of absolute physical principles, reality is best understood as a set of phenomena our brain constructs to guide our behavior. To put it simply: we actively create everything we see, and there is no aspect of reality that does not depend on consciousness.
Hoffman is a faculty member at UC Irvine and a recipient of the Troland Award of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Donald Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com