Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women
אליסון מק'גרגור: מדוע יוצרות תרופות פעמים רבות תופעות לוואי אצל נשים
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio
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and the medications they're prescribing
והתרופות שהם רושמים לנו
always been the case for everyone.
over the past century
מאה השנים האחרונות
half the population?
in a medical emergency.
and stubbed toes,
through the door to the ER,
or gender of our patients.
של החולים שלנו.
any differences between men and women.
בין גברים לנשים.
revealed that 80 percent of the drugs
גילה שכ-80 אחוזים מהתרופות
side effects on women
released to the market?
for a drug to go from an idea
עבור תרופה, להפוך מרעיון
a regulatory approval process,
to prescribe to you?
of dollars of funding
ומיליארדי דולרים
unacceptable side effects
תופעות לוואי שאינן מקובלות
after that has gone through?
used in that laboratory,
בהם השתמשו במעבדה,
in the animal studies were male animals,
בניסויים בבע"ח, היו זכרים,
performed almost exclusively on men.
באופן כמעט בלעדי על גברים.
our framework for medical research?
המסגרת שלנו למחקר רפואי?
popularized in the media,
שהפכה פופולרית באמצעי התקשורת,
with the sleep aid Ambien.
over 20 years ago,
of prescriptions have been written,
suffer more sleep disorders than men.
מבעיות בשינה.
recommended cutting the dose in half
להקטין את המנה בחצי
that women metabolize the drug
שפירוק התרופה והוצאתה מהגוף
in their system.
getting behind the wheel of the car,
מאחורי ההגה של המכונית,
for motor vehicle accidents.
as an emergency physician,
בתור רופאת חירום,
that I've cared for over the years
and acted upon 20 years ago
לפני 20 שנה
to be analyzed by gender?
to protect people
without informed consent.
ללא הסכמה מדעת.
or rules were set into place,
to protect women of childbearing age
על נשים בגיל הפוריות
medical research studies.
happened to the fetus during the study?
במהלך המחקר?
at this time actually thought
are pretty homogeneous.
הם די הומוגניים.
fluctuating levels of hormones
they could get if they had only men.
לו היו להם רק גברים.
there was a general assumption
were alike in every way,
and sex hormones.
applied to women.
of women's health?
with reproduction:
to as "bikini medicine."
קוראים כיום "רפואת ביקיני".
until about the 1980s,
by the medical community
when they realized that
כשהם נוכחו לדעת
from all medical research studies
about the unique needs
על הצרכים הייחודיים
of evidence has come to light
men and women are in every way.
בכל דרך שהיא.
a different physiology than normal adults.
משל מבוגרים נורמליים.
specialty of pediatrics came to light.
in order to improve their lives.
בכדי לשפר את חייהם.
can be said about women.
את אותו הדבר על נשים.
with boobs and tubes.
anatomy and physiology
with the same intensity.
system, for example.
to try to figure out
כדי לנסות ולהבין
completely different heart attacks.
חווים התקפי לב שונים לחלוטין.
for both men and women,
עבור גברים ונשים כאחד,
of having a heart attack than men.
אחרי התקף לב מאשר גברים.
of crushing chest pain --
will complain of "just not feeling right,"
"פשוט לא מרגישות בסדר",
women do make up half the population.
נשים אכן מהוות חצי מהאוכלוסיה.
to help explain some of these differences?
שעוזרות להסביר חלק מההבדלים הללו?
are smaller in women compared to men,
הם קטנים יותר אצל נשים בהשוואה לגברים,
develop disease is different
if someone is at risk for a heart attack,
אם מישהו הוא בסיכון להתקף לב,
and tested and perfected in men,
והובאו לשלמות אצל גברים,
at determining that in women.
בלקבוע זאת אצל נשים.
about the medications --
that we use, like aspirin.
כמו אספירין.
prevent them from having a heart attack,
כדי לסייע למנוע מהם לעבור התקף לב,
give aspirin to a healthy woman,
לאשה בריאה,
is a fast-paced business.
men and women that we could be utilizing?
אותם אנחנו יכולים לנצל?
get those runny noses
חוטפים את הנזלת הזאת
to those stubbed toes
נגד הבהונות החבולות האלה
every cell has a sex.
presents themselves in society.
transgendered population.
בקהילה הטרנסג'נדרית שלנו.
that from the moment of conception,
the chromosomes that determine
male or female, man or woman.
chromosomes pictured here --
would be born with ovaries or testes,
או אשכים,
that those organs produced
we see in the opposite sex.
שאנו רואים בזוויג האחר.
that theory was wrong --
היתה שגויה --
from the Whitehead Institute,
ממכון ווייטהד
that those sex-determining chromosomes
שהכרומוזומים קובעי הזוויג ההם
for our entire lives
for the differences we see
לשוני שאנו רואים
between men and women
and severity of diseases.
that continue to find that evidence,
שממשיכים למצוא את העדויות ההן,
to start translating this data
להתחיל לתרגם את המידע הזה
of a national organization
של ארגון לאומי
Women's Health Collaborative,
so that it's available for teaching
כך שיהיה זמין להוראה
the medical educators to the table.
את מחנכי הרפואה.
has been done since its inception.
נעשה מאז ומעולם.
of incorporating the gender lens
של שילוב עדשת הזוויג
health care providers correctly.
בצורה הנכונה.
the Department of Emergency Medicine
בתוך מחלקת רפואת החירום
in Emergency Medicine,
the differences between men and women
את ההבדלים בין גברים לנשים
and sepsis and substance abuse,
that education is paramount.
model of education.
for the nurses, for the students
עבור הסטודנטים
to the health care leaders.
מנהיגי הטיפול הרפואי.
we think about medicine
בה אנחנו חושבים על רפואה
to the health care system.
on the wheels of inevitability,
על גלגלי הבלתי נמנע,
towards change is awareness.
medical care for women.
individualized health care for everyone.
medical care for men and women.
את הטיפול הרפואי לגברים ולנשים.
to ask your doctors
שתשאלו את הרופאים שלכם
are specific to your sex and gender.
מותאמים למין ולמגדר שלכם.
and together we can all learn.
אנחנו יכולים כולנו ללמוד.
and my colleagues in this field,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneerAlyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.
Why you should listen
Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com