Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women
Alyson McGregor: Mengapa obat-obatan sering punya dampak berbahaya bagi wanita
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio
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penuh dan keyakinan buta
and the medications they're prescribing
obat yang mereka berikan
always been the case for everyone.
sama bagi setiap orang.
over the past century
di lebih dari satu abad terakhir
half the population?
in a medical emergency.
dalam keadaan darurat.
Keren bukan?
and stubbed toes,
atau jari kaki tersandung,
through the door to the ER,
lewat pintu UGD,
or gender of our patients.
pasien kami.
any differences between men and women.
ada beda antara pria dan wanita.
revealed that 80 percent of the drugs
Pemerintah menemukan bahwa 80% obat
terhadap wanita.
side effects on women
samping terhadap wanita
released to the market?
diluncurkan di pasaran?
for a drug to go from an idea
bagi suatu obat untuk menjelma dari ide
a regulatory approval process,
persetujuan peraturan,
to prescribe to you?
dan menjadi resep bagi Anda?
of dollars of funding
dolar pendanaan
unacceptable side effects
efek samping berbahaya
after that has gone through?
setelah semua proses itu?
used in that laboratory,
laboratorium itu,
in the animal studies were male animals,
adalah yang berkelamin jantan,
performed almost exclusively on men.
laki-laki hampir secara eksklusif.
our framework for medical research?
kerangka bagi penelitian medis?
popularized in the media,
populer di media,
with the sleep aid Ambien.
pembantu tidur, Ambien.
over 20 years ago,
lebih dari 20 tahun lalu,
of prescriptions have been written,
telah dikeluarkan,
suffer more sleep disorders than men.
kelainan tidur lebih banyak dari pria.
recommended cutting the dose in half
menggunakan setengah dosis
karena mereka
that women metabolize the drug
memetabolisme obat tersebut
in their system.
di tubuh mereka.
getting behind the wheel of the car,
mereka mengemudi mobil,
for motor vehicle accidents.
dalam kecelakaan kendaraan.
as an emergency physician,
saya jadi berpikir
that I've cared for over the years
yang saya tangani selama ini
and acted upon 20 years ago
dan ditindaklanjuti 20 tahun yang lalu
to be analyzed by gender?
dianalisa berdasarkan gender?
to protect people
untuk melindungi orang
without informed consent.
tanpa persetujuan mereka.
or rules were set into place,
peraturan yang dibuat,
to protect women of childbearing age
untuk melindungi wanita usia subur
medical research studies.
penelitian medis apapun.
happened to the fetus during the study?
terjadi pada fetus selama penelitian?
at this time actually thought
ini sebenarnya berpikir
are pretty homogeneous.
tubuh pria cukup homogen.
fluctuating levels of hormones
naik turun secara konstan
they could get if they had only men.
yang mereka bisa dapat jika semuanya pria.
there was a general assumption
were alike in every way,
sama di segala hal,
and sex hormones.
dan hormon seksual mereka.
applied to women.
diaplikasikan pada wanita.
of women's health?
pada kesehatan wanita?
with reproduction:
sama dengan reproduksi:
to as "bikini medicine."
"kedokteran bikini".
until about the 1980s,
tahun 1980 an,
by the medical community
oleh komunitas kedokteran
when they realized that
ketika mereka menyadari bahwa
from all medical research studies
semua penelitian medis
about the unique needs
tersendiri yang diketahui
of evidence has come to light
bukti-bukti yang muncul
men and women are in every way.
pria dan wanita di segala hal.
dalam dunia kesehatan:
orang dewasa berukuran kecil.
a different physiology than normal adults.
yang berbeda dari orang dewasa normal.
specialty of pediatrics came to light.
kedokteran pediatri muncul.
in order to improve their lives.
anak-anak untuk memperbaiki hidup mereka.
can be said about women.
with boobs and tubes.
payudara dan ovarium.
anatomy and physiology
dan fisiologi sendiri
with the same intensity.
dengan internsitas yang sama.
system, for example.
kardiovaskular misalnya.
to try to figure out
banyak penelitian tentang
completely different heart attacks.
serangan jantung yang sangat berbeda.
for both men and women,
baik bagi pria maupun wanita,
of having a heart attack than men.
meninggal di tahun pertama mengidap.
of crushing chest pain --
sakit yang menekan di dada --
diduduki seekor gajah.
will complain of "just not feeling right,"
yang mengeluh "ada yang salah,"
menganggap ini atipikal,
women do make up half the population.
wanita tidak sampai setengah populasi.
to help explain some of these differences?
beberapa perbedaan ini?
are smaller in women compared to men,
jantung lebih kecil dari pria,
develop disease is different
pembuluh darah tersebut berbeda
if someone is at risk for a heart attack,
jika seseorang punya resiko sakit jantung,
and tested and perfected in men,
disempurnakan pada pria,
at determining that in women.
diaplikasikan pada wanita.
about the medications --
pengobatannya --
that we use, like aspirin.
seperti aspirin.
prevent them from having a heart attack,
untuk mencegah mereka dari sakit jantung,
give aspirin to a healthy woman,
aspirin pada wanita sehat,
is a fast-paced business.
bisnis yang berkembang pesat.
yang menyelamatkan jiwa,
men and women that we could be utilizing?
pria yang bisa kita manfaatkan?
get those runny noses
lebih sering pilek
to those stubbed toes
kita berikan untuk luka di jari kaki
dan tidak untuk yang lain?
every cell has a sex.
bahwa tiap sel punya jenis kelamin.
presents themselves in society.
menampilkan diri di masyarakat.
transgendered population.
populasi transgender kita.
that from the moment of conception,
bahwa sejak masa pembuahan,
the chromosomes that determine
kromosom yang menentukan
male or female, man or woman.
pria atau wanita.
chromosomes pictured here --
yang di gambar ini --
would be born with ovaries or testes,
punya ovarium ataus testis,
that those organs produced
diproduksi organ tersebutlah
we see in the opposite sex.
dengan jenis kelamin yang berbeda.
that theory was wrong --
teori tersebut salah --
tidak lengkap.
from the Whitehead Institute,
dari Institut Whitehead,
that those sex-determining chromosomes
kromosom penentu jenis kelamin
for our entire lives
for the differences we see
dari perbedaan yang kita lihat
between men and women
antara pria dan wanita
and severity of diseases.
dan tingkat keseriusan penyakit.
that continue to find that evidence,
menemukan bukti-bukti tersebut,
to start translating this data
untuk mulai menerjemahkan data ini
of a national organization
pendiri organisasi nasional
Women's Health Collaborative,
Jenis Kelamin dan Gender Wanita,
so that it's available for teaching
yang tersedia untuk tujuan pembelajaran
the medical educators to the table.
untuk mengumpulkan pengajar medis.
has been done since its inception.
yang ada sejak pendiriannya.
of incorporating the gender lens
penggabungan gender
health care providers correctly.
kesehatan masa depan dengan benar.
the Department of Emergency Medicine
dalam Departemen Pengobatan Darurat
in Emergency Medicine,
dalam Pengobatan Darurat,
the differences between men and women
perbedaan antara pria dan wanita
and sepsis and substance abuse,
dan penyalahgunaan obat-obatan,
that education is paramount.
bahwa pendidikan sangat penting.
model of education.
model pendidikan 360-derajat.
for the nurses, for the students
perawat, pelajar
to the health care leaders.
pada pemimpin industri kesehatan saja.
membuat perubahan.
Ini tidak mudah.
we think about medicine
sudut pandang kita tentang kedokteran
to the health care system.
sistem kesehatan yang ada.
selama ini salah.
on the wheels of inevitability,
roda keniscayaan,
tiada henti."
towards change is awareness.
perubahan adalah kesadaran.
medical care for women.
perawatan medis bagi wanita.
individualized health care for everyone.
perawatan medis bagi semua.
medical care for men and women.
perawatan medis bagi pria dan wanita.
to ask your doctors
menanyakan ke dokter Anda
are specific to your sex and gender.
terhadap jenis kelamin dan gender Anda.
and together we can all learn.
dan bersama kita bisa belajar.
and my colleagues in this field,
di bidang ini.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneerAlyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.
Why you should listen
Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com