Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women
アリソン・マッグレガー: 女性にとって医学に危険な面があるのは何故か?
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio
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and the medications they're prescribing
薬は私たちを救うものだという信念の下
always been the case for everyone.
皆にとって真実だという訳ではありません
over the past century
half the population?
どうでしょう?
in a medical emergency.
訓練を受けて来ました
なんてクールなんでしょう
and stubbed toes,
つま先をぶつけた 患者も沢山来ますが
through the door to the ER,
or gender of our patients.
考えもせずに
any differences between men and women.
習った事もありません
revealed that 80 percent of the drugs
市場から撤収した薬の80%は
side effects on women
released to the market?
気づかなかったのでしょう?
for a drug to go from an idea
研究室で細胞を使って試し
a regulatory approval process,
当局の承認過程を経るのに
to prescribe to you?
of dollars of funding
何百万ドルから何10億ドルという資金が
unacceptable side effects
容認できない副作用が出る事を
after that has gone through?
気づかないのでしょう?
used in that laboratory,
原因だと分かりました
in the animal studies were male animals,
雄だったのです
performed almost exclusively on men.
our framework for medical research?
医学研究の枠組みになったのでしょう?
popularized in the media,
見てみましょう
with the sleep aid Ambien.
over 20 years ago,
市場に出回りました
of prescriptions have been written,
主に女性の為に書かれました
suffer more sleep disorders than men.
男性より女性の方が多いからです
recommended cutting the dose in half
女性に限り 薬の服用量を
that women metabolize the drug
朝 目が覚めた時
in their system.
知られたからです
getting behind the wheel of the car,
for motor vehicle accidents.
as an emergency physician,
考えずにはいられません
that I've cared for over the years
この種の分析が
私の患者の内の何人が
and acted upon 20 years ago
to be analyzed by gender?
他にどれ位あるのでしょう
多くの事を変えました
to protect people
インフォームドコンセントなしで
without informed consent.
人々を犠牲者にしないようにする事です
or rules were set into place,
ルールが設定され
to protect women of childbearing age
いかなる医学実験にも参加しないよう
medical research studies.
happened to the fetus during the study?
どうするかといった不安があったのです
at this time actually thought
are pretty homogeneous.
男性の体はかなり均一なのだから」
fluctuating levels of hormones
データを混乱させるような
they could get if they had only men.
there was a general assumption
were alike in every way,
あらゆる点において
and sex hormones.
一般的な前提がありました
applied to women.
of women's health?
何をもたらしたのでしょうか?
with reproduction:
生殖と結びついていきました
to as "bikini medicine."
という用語となっています
until about the 1980s,
by the medical community
医学コミュニティーや
when they realized that
異議が唱えられました
from all medical research studies
女性を排除する事は
むしろ有害であり
about the unique needs
分かったのです
分かったのです
of evidence has come to light
明るみに出ました
men and women are in every way.
あらゆる点で異なっているのです
ご存知でしょう
a different physiology than normal adults.
異なる生理機能を持っているのだと
specialty of pediatrics came to light.
知られるようになったのです
in order to improve their lives.
彼らに関する研究を実施しています
can be said about women.
言えると分かったのです
with boobs and tubes.
男性ではないのです
anatomy and physiology
生理機能を持っており それは
with the same intensity.
研究するに値するものです
system, for example.
to try to figure out
全く異なる心臓発作が起こるのかを
completely different heart attacks.
最も熱心に研究が行われてきました
for both men and women,
死因の第1位なのですが
of having a heart attack than men.
一年以内で亡くなる事が多いのです
of crushing chest pain --
象が胸の上に乗っているようだ
will complain of "just not feeling right,"
「ちょっと 何だか変なの 」
これを「非典型的」と呼んでいます
women do make up half the population.
占めているにも拘わらず そうなのです
to help explain some of these differences?
この違いは説明されるのでしょうか?
are smaller in women compared to men,
女性のものは小さく
develop disease is different
男性とは異なります
if someone is at risk for a heart attack,
判断する為に行う検査は
and tested and perfected in men,
仕上げられていたので
at determining that in women.
about the medications --
アスピリンについてですが
that we use, like aspirin.
prevent them from having a heart attack,
私たちはアスピリンを処方しますが
give aspirin to a healthy woman,
実際 有害になると
is a fast-paced business.
命を救う医療の分野に
命を救う医療の分野に
men and women that we could be utilizing?
男女間の差が どれ程あるでしょうか?
get those runny noses
ある人たちが他の人より
何故でしょうか?
to those stubbed toes
何故ある人には効果があって
every cell has a sex.
あらゆる細胞に性別があると発表しました
presents themselves in society.
自身を表現したい性です
transgendered population.
一致するとは限りません
that from the moment of conception,
体のあらゆる細胞は
the chromosomes that determine
男女を決定する―
male or female, man or woman.
chromosomes pictured here --
染色体の写真ですが
would be born with ovaries or testes,
産まれるかを決めるだけもので
that those organs produced
we see in the opposite sex.
考えられてきました
that theory was wrong --
間違いだと分かっています
from the Whitehead Institute,
ページ博士のような科学者が
that those sex-determining chromosomes
私たちの体のあらゆる細胞の中にある
for our entire lives
薬の服用時に見られる男女差や
for the differences we see
between men and women
and severity of diseases.
病気への理解が全く変わりました
that continue to find that evidence,
科学者にかかっていますが
to start translating this data
of a national organization
'Sex and Gender Women's Health Collaborative'
Women's Health Collaborative,
so that it's available for teaching
利用出来るように
the medical educators to the table.
取り組みに招いています
has been done since its inception.
変革しているのです
of incorporating the gender lens
ジェンダーを通した視点を加えることに
health care providers correctly.
正しく育成する時が来ているのです
the Department of Emergency Medicine
救急医療部署の中にある
in Emergency Medicine,
the differences between men and women
薬物乱用といった
and sepsis and substance abuse,
that education is paramount.
最も重要であると信じています
model of education.
創り上げています
for the nurses, for the students
プログラムを
to the health care leaders.
任せる訳にいきません
私たち皆が役割を持つのです
これは容易な事ではありません
we think about medicine
研究についての考え方を
to the health care system.
変えていくものです
こう言いました
on the wheels of inevitability,
やって来るものではなく
towards change is awareness.
medical care for women.
女性の医療の向上の事だけではなく
individualized health care for everyone.
medical care for men and women.
男女双方の医療を変える力があります
to ask your doctors
are specific to your sex and gender.
私の性やジェンダーに特有のものですか?」
and together we can all learn.
学ぶ事が出来るのです
and my colleagues in this field,
あなたの性やジェンダーは重要なのだと
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneerAlyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.
Why you should listen
Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com