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Britt Wray: How climate change affects your mental health
Britt Wray: Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kesehatan mental
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Menurut Britt Wray, seorang penulis ilmiah, "Dari semua dampak perubahan iklim yang telah dibahas, kita belum mendapat informasi yang cukup tentang dampak psikologis tinggal di dunia yang memanas," Dalam pembicaraan singkat ini, dia membahas ancaman perubahan iklim terhadap ketenangan batin - dari sudut mental, sosial, dan spiritual - dan menawarkan titik awal yang bisa kita lakukan.
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcaster
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For all that's ever been said
about climate change,
about climate change,
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Dari semua dampak perubahan
iklim yang telah dibahas,
iklim yang telah dibahas,
00:16
we haven't heard nearly enough
about the psychological impacts
about the psychological impacts
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kita belum mendapatkan informasi
yang cukup tentang dampak psikologis
yang cukup tentang dampak psikologis
00:20
of living in a warming world.
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tinggal di dunia yang memanas.
00:22
If you've heard the grim climate research
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Jika membaca riset tentang buruknya iklim
00:24
that science communicators like me
weave into our books and documentaries,
weave into our books and documentaries,
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karya komunikator sains
seperti saya, dalam buku dan dokumenter,
seperti saya, dalam buku dan dokumenter,
00:28
you've probably felt bouts of fear,
fatalism or hopelessness.
fatalism or hopelessness.
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Anda mungkin merasa takut,
pasrah, atau putus asa.
pasrah, atau putus asa.
00:32
If you've been impacted
by climate disaster,
by climate disaster,
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Jika Anda terkena dampak
bencana iklim,
bencana iklim,
00:34
these feelings can set in much deeper,
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perasaan tersebut bisa lebih parah,
00:36
leading to shock, trauma,
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berujung pada syok, trauma,
00:39
strained relationships, substance abuse
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hubungan yang rusak, penyalahgunaan
obat
obat
00:41
and the loss of personal
identity and control.
identity and control.
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dan hilangnya identitas dan kontrol diri.
00:44
Vital political and technological work
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
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Politik dan teknologi vital untuk
menekan kekacauan iklim sedang diupayakan,
menekan kekacauan iklim sedang diupayakan,
00:48
but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you
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tapi saya ada di sini untuk
menyadarkan Anda
menyadarkan Anda
00:51
for why we also need
our actions and policies
our actions and policies
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karena kita juga perlu bertindak
dan membuat kebijakan
dan membuat kebijakan
00:54
to reflect an understanding
of how our changing environments
of how our changing environments
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untuk memahami ancaman
perubahan lingkungan
perubahan lingkungan
00:57
threaten our mental,
social and spiritual well-being.
social and spiritual well-being.
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terhadap kesehatan mental,
sosial, dan ketenangan batin kita.
sosial, dan ketenangan batin kita.
01:00
The anxiety, grief and depression
of climate scientists and activists
of climate scientists and activists
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Kecemasan, kesedihan, depresi
para ilmuwan dan aktivis iklim
para ilmuwan dan aktivis iklim
01:04
have been reported on for years.
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telah diberitakan selama
bertahun-tahun.
bertahun-tahun.
01:06
Trends we've seen
after extreme weather events
after extreme weather events
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Fenomena setelah kejadian
cuaca ekstrem
cuaca ekstrem
01:08
like hurricane Sandy or Katrina
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seperti badai Sandy atau Katrina
01:10
for increased PTSD and suicidality.
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meningkatkan PTSD dan
keinginan bunuh diri.
keinginan bunuh diri.
01:13
And there are rich mental-health data
from northern communities
from northern communities
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Banyak data kesehatan mental
dari komunitas belahan utara
dari komunitas belahan utara
01:16
where warming is the fastest,
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tempat pemanasan tercepat,
01:18
like the Inuit in Labrador,
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seperti suku Inuit di Labrador,
01:20
who face existential distress
as they witness the ice,
as they witness the ice,
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yang menderita kepedihan
mendalam, saat menyaksikan es,
mendalam, saat menyaksikan es,
01:23
a big part of their identity,
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sebagai identitas suku mereka
01:24
vanishing before their eyes.
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musnah di depan mata.
01:27
Now if that weren't enough,
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Selanjutnya,
01:28
the American Psychological Association
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'American Psychological Association'
01:30
says that our psychological
responses to climate change,
responses to climate change,
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mengatakan bahwa respons
psikologis terhadap perubahan iklim,
psikologis terhadap perubahan iklim,
01:33
like conflict avoidance, helplessness
and resignation, are growing.
and resignation, are growing.
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seperti menghindari konflik,
putus asa dan pasrah, meningkat saat ini,
putus asa dan pasrah, meningkat saat ini,
01:38
This means that our conscious
and unconscious mental processes
and unconscious mental processes
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Ini berarti proses mental sadar
dan tidak sadar
dan tidak sadar
01:41
are holding us back
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menghambat kita
01:42
from identifying the causes
of the problem for what they are,
of the problem for what they are,
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untuk mengenali penyebab
masalah yang sebenarnya,
masalah yang sebenarnya,
01:45
working on solutions and fostering
our own psychological resilience,
our own psychological resilience,
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mencari solusi dan menumbuhkan
ketahanan psikologis kita,
ketahanan psikologis kita,
01:48
but we need all those things
to take on what we've created.
to take on what we've created.
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tapi kita butuh itu semua untuk mengatasi
masalah yang kita buat sendiri.
masalah yang kita buat sendiri.
01:52
Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon
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Saya baru saja meneliti fenomena
01:54
that's just one example
of the emotional hardships
of the emotional hardships
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yang merupakan contoh
tekanan emosional
tekanan emosional
01:57
that we're seeing.
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yang sedang kita hadapi.
01:58
And it comes in the form of a question
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Penelitian itu berbentuk pertanyaan,
02:00
that a significant amount of people
in my generation are struggling to answer.
in my generation are struggling to answer.
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yang sulit dijawab oleh beberapa
orang tertentu dari generasi saya.
orang tertentu dari generasi saya.
02:04
That being:
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Pertanyaannya adalah:
02:06
Should I have a child
in the age of climate change?
in the age of climate change?
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Haruskah saya memiliki anak
dalam era perubahan iklim?
dalam era perubahan iklim?
02:09
After all, any child born today
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Anak yang lahir hari ini
02:11
will have to live in a world
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
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harus hidup di dunia yang dilanda
badai, banjir, dan kebakaran hutan
badai, banjir, dan kebakaran hutan
02:14
what we used to call natural disasters --
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yang dulunya disebut bencana alam,
02:16
have become commonplace.
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terjadi di semua tempat.
02:18
The hottest 20 years on record
occurred within the last 22.
occurred within the last 22.
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20 tahun terpanas dalam rekor
terjadi dalam 22 tahun terakhir.
terjadi dalam 22 tahun terakhir.
02:23
The UN expects that two-thirds
of the global population
of the global population
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PBB memperkirakan bahwa
2/3 dari populasi dunia
2/3 dari populasi dunia
02:25
may face water shortages
only six years from now.
only six years from now.
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akan dilanda kekeringan,
hanya dalam waktu 6 tahun ke depan.
hanya dalam waktu 6 tahun ke depan.
02:29
The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
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Bank Dunia memperkirakan
pada 2050,
pada 2050,
02:31
there's going to be
140 million climate refugees
140 million climate refugees
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sebanyak 140 juta orang
menjadi pengungsi iklim
menjadi pengungsi iklim
02:34
in sub-Saharan Africa,
Latin America and South Asia.
Latin America and South Asia.
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di gurun Sahara Afrika,
Amerika Latin, dan Asia Selatan.
Amerika Latin, dan Asia Selatan.
02:37
And other estimates put that number
at over one billion.
at over one billion.
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Perkiraan lain menyatakan
angkanya di atas satu milyar.
angkanya di atas satu milyar.
02:41
Mass migrations and resource scarcity
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Migrasi massal dan kelangkaan sumber daya
02:43
increase the risk for violence,
war and political instability.
war and political instability.
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meningkatkan risiko kekerasan,
perang dan ketidakstabilan politik.
perang dan ketidakstabilan politik.
02:48
The UN just reported that we are pushing
up to a million species to extinction,
up to a million species to extinction,
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PBB baru saja melaporkan bahwa
kita menyebabkan punahnya 1 juta spesies,
kita menyebabkan punahnya 1 juta spesies,
02:52
many within decades,
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selama puluhan tahun,
02:54
and our emissions are still increasing,
even after the Paris Agreement.
even after the Paris Agreement.
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dan emisi kita tetap meningkat,
bahkan setelah Perjanjian Paris.
bahkan setelah Perjanjian Paris.
Dalam satu setengah tahun ini,
02:59
Over the last year and a half,
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saya mengadakan lokakarya dan wawancara
03:00
I've been conducting
workshops and interviews
workshops and interviews
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dengan ratusan orang
03:03
with hundreds of people
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03:04
about parenting in the climate crisis.
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tentang pengasuhan anak
di dalam krisis iklim.
di dalam krisis iklim.
03:06
And I can tell you
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Dan dapat saya katakan
03:07
that people who are worried about
having kids because of climate change
having kids because of climate change
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bahwa mereka yang khawatir
memiliki anak karena perubahan iklim,
memiliki anak karena perubahan iklim,
bukan terinspirasi kehidupan pertapa.
03:11
are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
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03:13
They're nerve-racked.
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Mereka sangat ketakutan.
03:14
There's even a movement
called BirthStrike,
called BirthStrike,
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Bahkan ada gerakan bernama BirthStrike,
yang anggotanya menyatakan
tidak ingin memiliki anak
tidak ingin memiliki anak
03:16
whose members have declared
they're not going to have kids
they're not going to have kids
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karena situasi krisis lingkungan
03:19
because of the state
of the ecological crisis
of the ecological crisis
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dan minimnya tindakan pemerintah
mengatasi ancaman kehidupan ini.
mengatasi ancaman kehidupan ini.
03:21
and inaction from governments
to address this existential threat.
to address this existential threat.
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Ya, generasi lain juga telah siap
dengan bahaya kiamat, tapi itu bukan
dengan bahaya kiamat, tapi itu bukan
03:24
And yes, other generations have also
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
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03:28
but that is no reason to disregard
the very real threat to our survival now.
the very real threat to our survival now.
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alasan untuk mengabaikan
ancaman nyata kelangsungan hidup saat ini
ancaman nyata kelangsungan hidup saat ini
03:32
Some feel that it's better
to adopt children.
to adopt children.
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Beberapa orang menganggap
mengadopsi anak lebih baik.
mengadopsi anak lebih baik.
03:35
Or that it's unethical
to have more than one,
to have more than one,
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Atau tidak etis
memiliki lebih dari 1 anak,
memiliki lebih dari 1 anak,
03:37
especially three, four or more,
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apalagi tiga, empat, atau lebih,
03:39
because kids increase
greenhouse gas emissions.
greenhouse gas emissions.
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karena anak-anak meningkatkan
emisi gas rumah kaca.
emisi gas rumah kaca.
03:42
Now, it is a really unfortunate
state of affairs
state of affairs
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Nah, ini merupakan keadaan
yang tidak menguntungkan,
yang tidak menguntungkan,
03:45
when people who want kids
sacrifice their right to
sacrifice their right to
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jika orang harus
mengorbankan hak anak mereka
mengorbankan hak anak mereka
03:48
because, somehow, they have been told
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
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ketika pilihan gaya hidup mereka
dianggap salah,
dianggap salah,
03:52
when the fault is far more systemic,
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padahal kesalahannya lebih sistemik.
03:54
but let's just unpack the logic here.
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Tapi mari kita uraikan
logikanya di sini.
logikanya di sini.
03:57
So an oft-cited study
shows that, on average,
shows that, on average,
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Hasil riset yang sering dikutip
menunjukkan bukti
menunjukkan bukti
03:59
having one less child
in an industrialized nation
in an industrialized nation
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bahwa memiliki sedikit anak
di negara industri
di negara industri
04:02
can save about 59 tons
of carbon dioxide per year.
of carbon dioxide per year.
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dapat mengurangi 59 ton
karbon dioksida setiap tahunnya.
karbon dioksida setiap tahunnya.
04:06
While in comparison,
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Sebagai perbandingan,
04:08
living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons,
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hidup tanpa mobil
mengurangi hampir 2.5 ton,
mengurangi hampir 2.5 ton,
04:11
avoiding a transatlantic flight --
and this is just one --
and this is just one --
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menghindari penerbangan
lintas samudra - ini baru 1 kali -
lintas samudra - ini baru 1 kali -
04:14
saves about 1.5 tons,
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mengurangi sekitar 1.5 ton,
04:16
and eating a plant-based diet
can save almost one ton per year.
can save almost one ton per year.
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dan diet berbasis tumbuhan dapat
mengurangi hampir 1 ton per tahun.
mengurangi hampir 1 ton per tahun.
04:20
And consider that a Bangladeshi child
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Mari kita renungkan, seorang
anak Bangladesh
anak Bangladesh
04:23
only adds 56 metric tons of carbon
to their parents' carbon legacy
to their parents' carbon legacy
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hanya menambah 56 ton metrik
karbon warisan orang tua mereka
karbon warisan orang tua mereka
04:27
over their lifetime,
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sepanjang hidup mereka.
04:28
while an American child, in comparison,
adds 9,441 to theirs.
adds 9,441 to theirs.
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Sementara seorang anak Amerika
menambah 9.441 ton warisan karbon.
menambah 9.441 ton warisan karbon.
04:34
So this is why some people argue
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Maka beberapa orang berargumen
04:35
that it's parents from nations
with huge carbon footprints
with huge carbon footprints
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bahwa orang tua dari negara
dengan warisan karbon besar
dengan warisan karbon besar
04:38
who should think the hardest
about how many kids they have.
about how many kids they have.
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harus benar-benar merencanakan
jumlah anak mereka.
jumlah anak mereka.
04:41
But the decision to have a child
and one's feelings about the future
and one's feelings about the future
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Tapi keputusan untuk memiliki
anak dan kepedulian terhadap masa depan
anak dan kepedulian terhadap masa depan
04:45
are deeply personal,
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bersifat sangat pribadi,
04:46
and wrapped up
in all sorts of cultural norms,
in all sorts of cultural norms,
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dan terselubung dalam
berbagai norma budaya,
berbagai norma budaya,
04:48
religious beliefs, socioeconomic status,
education levels and more.
education levels and more.
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kepercayaan agama, status sosioekonomi,
tingkat pendidikan, dan lainnya.
tingkat pendidikan, dan lainnya.
04:53
And so to some, this debate
about kids in the climate crisis
about kids in the climate crisis
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Maka debat tentang anak dalam krisis iklim
04:56
can seem like it came from another planet.
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masih terasa seperti sesuatu yang asing.
04:58
Many have more immediate threats
to their survival to think about,
to their survival to think about,
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Banyak orang harus berjuang
mengatasi kesulitan hidup,
mengatasi kesulitan hidup,
05:01
like, how they're going to put
food on the table,
food on the table,
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seperti berjuang untuk mencari makan,
05:04
when they're a single mom
working three jobs,
working three jobs,
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bagi ibu tunggal dengan tiga pekerjaan,
05:06
or they're HIV positive
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
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penderita HIV positif, atau mereka
dari kelompok karavan migran
dari kelompok karavan migran
05:09
Tragically, though, climate change
is really great at intersectionality.
is really great at intersectionality.
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Tragisnya, perubahan iklim
berperan penting dalam intersektionalitas.
berperan penting dalam intersektionalitas.
05:13
It multiplies the stresses
marginalized communities already face.
marginalized communities already face.
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Hal ini menambah tekanan yang
dialami oleh komunitas terpinggirkan.
dialami oleh komunitas terpinggirkan.
05:18
A political scientist once said to me
that a leading indicator
that a leading indicator
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Menurut seorang ilmuwan politik,
ada sebuah petunjuk penting
ada sebuah petunjuk penting
05:21
that climate change is starting
to hit home, psychologically,
to hit home, psychologically,
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yaitu perubahan iklim,
secara psikologis, mulai meresahkan,
secara psikologis, mulai meresahkan,
05:24
would be an increase
in the rate of informed women
in the rate of informed women
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dengan meningkatnya jumlah
wanita berpendidikan
wanita berpendidikan
05:26
deciding to not have children.
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yang tidak ingin memiliki anak.
05:29
Interesting.
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Menarik.
05:31
Is it hitting home with you,
psychologically?
psychologically?
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Anda juga menyadari gejala psikologis ini?
05:34
Are you perhaps someone
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
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Apakah Anda seorang dengan
gangguan stres pra-trauma terkait iklim?
gangguan stres pra-trauma terkait iklim?
05:38
A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
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Seorang psikiater iklim membuat
istilah
istilah
05:40
and that's a profession now, by the way,
shrinks for climate woes.
shrinks for climate woes.
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yang saat ini menjadi profesi,
yaitu pskiater gangguan iklim.
yaitu pskiater gangguan iklim.
05:44
They're getting work at a time
when some high schoolers
when some high schoolers
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Mereka mendapat pekerjaan
saat beberapa anak SMA
saat beberapa anak SMA
05:46
don't want to apply
to university any longer,
to university any longer,
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tidak mau mendaftar kuliah lagi,
05:48
because they can't foresee
a future for themselves.
a future for themselves.
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karena mereka tidak bisa
memprediksi masa depan.
memprediksi masa depan.
05:51
And this brings me back to my main point.
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Situasi ini sesuai dengan poin utama saya.
05:54
The growing concern about having kids
in the climate crisis
in the climate crisis
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Meningkatnya kekhawatiran
memiliki anak dalam krisis iklim
memiliki anak dalam krisis iklim
05:57
is an urgent indicator
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
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adalah pertanda mendesak dari
orang-orang yang tertekan.
orang-orang yang tertekan.
06:03
Right now, students around the world
are screaming for change
are screaming for change
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Sekarang, pelajar di seluruh dunia
berteriak ingin perubahan
berteriak ingin perubahan
06:06
in the piercing voice of despair.
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dengan suara nyaring penuh keputusasaan.
06:09
And the fact that we can see
how we contribute to this problem
how we contribute to this problem
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Kenyataannya, kontribusi kita
terhadap masalah ini,
terhadap masalah ini,
06:12
that makes us feel unsafe
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yang membuat kita tidak aman,
06:14
is crazy-making in itself.
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benar-benar membuat gila.
06:16
Climate change is all-encompassing
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Perubahan iklim memengaruhi semua bidang
06:18
and so are the ways
that it messes with our minds.
that it messes with our minds.
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dan mengacaukan pikiran kita.
06:22
Many activists will tell you
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Banyak aktivis mengatakan
06:24
that the best antidote
to grief is activism.
to grief is activism.
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obat terbaik penyembuh kesedihan
adalah aktivisme
adalah aktivisme
06:26
And some psychologists will tell you
the answer can be found in therapy.
the answer can be found in therapy.
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Beberapa psikolog berpendapat,
obatnya adalah terapi.
obatnya adalah terapi.
06:30
Others believe the key is to imagine
you're on your deathbed,
you're on your deathbed,
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Ada juga yang percaya, kuncinya
adalah membayangkan Anda
adalah membayangkan Anda
06:33
reflecting back on what's mattered
the most in your life,
the most in your life,
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melakukan kilas balik kehidupan
dari dalam peti mati
dari dalam peti mati
06:35
so you can identify
what you should do more of now,
what you should do more of now,
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sehingga Anda dapat melakukan
lebih banyak tindakan
lebih banyak tindakan
06:38
with the time that you have left.
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dengan waktu yang tersisa.
06:40
We need all these ideas, and more,
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Kita butuh semua ide ini, lebih banyak,
06:41
to take care of our innermost selves
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untuk merenung lebih dalam
06:43
as the environments we've known
become more punishing towards us.
become more punishing towards us.
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karena lingkungan yang kita kenal
semakin menghukum kita.
semakin menghukum kita.
06:47
And whether you have children or not,
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Memiliki anak maupun tidak,
06:49
we need to be honest
about what is happening,
about what is happening,
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kita harus jujur tentang
fenomena yang sedang terjadi,
fenomena yang sedang terjadi,
06:52
and what we owe one another.
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dan hutang moral antar sesama.
06:55
We cannot afford to treat
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Kita tidak mampu membuat
06:56
the psychological impacts
of climate change
of climate change
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dampak psikologis perubahan iklim
06:58
as some afterthought,
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sebagai wacana,
07:00
because the other issues, of science,
technology and the politics and economy,
technology and the politics and economy,
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karena hal-hal lain seperti sains,
teknologi, politik, dan ekonomi
teknologi, politik, dan ekonomi
07:04
feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.
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tampak lebih krusial daripada dampak iklim
07:08
Mental health needs to be an integral part
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Kesehatan mental harus menjadi bagian utuh
07:11
of any climate change survival strategy,
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dari strategi pertahanan perubahan iklim,
07:13
requiring funding,
and ethics of equity and care,
and ethics of equity and care,
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yang membutuhkan dana,
etika keadilan dan pelayanan,
etika keadilan dan pelayanan,
07:16
and widespread awareness.
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serta kepedulian dari semua pihak.
07:18
Because even if you're the most
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
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Karena meskipun Anda adalah tipe
penghindar emosi terbesar di Bumi,
penghindar emosi terbesar di Bumi,
07:22
there's no rug in the world
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
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tidak ada karpet yang cukup besar
untuk bersembunyi dari masalah ini.
untuk bersembunyi dari masalah ini.
07:25
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
07:26
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcasterBritt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future.
Why you should listen
Author of the book Rise of the Necrofauna, cohost of the BBC podcast Tomorrow's World and guest host on Canada's legendary national science TV show The Nature of Things, Britt Wray shows audiences what's happening at the forefront of science, technology, ethics and environment, probing how it affects us. The New Yorker named her first book Rise of the Necrofauna: The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction one of the "books we loved" in 2017 and the Sunday Times called it a "must-read." By making science accessible and illuminating its possible consequences, Wray's writing, broadcasting and talks help us understand how the world is changing, creating a rich space for conversation about how each of us can respond to those changes.
Wray has been a summer host on CBC Radio 1's flagship science show Quirks and Quarks, and produced several radio documentaries for outlets such as BBC Radio 4, CBC IDEAS, WNYC's Studio 360 and Love and Radio. She created the interactive audio diary platform for frank speech about science called Aurator (aurator.org) which won the 2018 Society for the Social Studies of Science Award. Wray has a PhD in science communication with a focus on synthetic biology from the University of Copenhagen and holds a BSc (Hon) in biology from Queen's University and an interdisciplinary master's in art, media and design from OCAD University. She has also been a visiting scholar at the NYU Arthur L. Carter Institute for Journalism and was a 2019 TED Resident. Wray is currently writing a book about intimate dilemmas in the climate crisis.
Britt Wray | Speaker | TED.com