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Britt Wray: How climate change affects your mental health
Brit Rej (Britt Wray): Kako klimatske promene utiču na mentalno zdravlje
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"Iako je mnogo toga rečeno o klimatskim promenama, jedva da smo čuli o tome kako utiču na psihu," kaže naučna spisateljica Brit Rej. U ovom kratkom govoru, ona istražuje kako klimatske promene ugrožavaju naše zdravlje - mentalno, socijalno i duhovno - i nudi početne tačke rešenja za ovaj problem.
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcaster
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For all that's ever been said
about climate change,
about climate change,
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Od svega što je ikada rečeno
o klimatskim promenama
o klimatskim promenama
00:16
we haven't heard nearly enough
about the psychological impacts
about the psychological impacts
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jedva da smo čuli o tome kako život
na sve toplijoj planeti
na sve toplijoj planeti
00:20
of living in a warming world.
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utiče na psihu.
00:22
If you've heard the grim climate research
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Ako ste čuli za klimatska istraživanja
00:24
that science communicators like me
weave into our books and documentaries,
weave into our books and documentaries,
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na koje se mi, glasnici nauke pozivamo
u našim knjigama i filmovima,
u našim knjigama i filmovima,
00:28
you've probably felt bouts of fear,
fatalism or hopelessness.
fatalism or hopelessness.
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verovatno ste osetili nalete straha,
fatalizma ili beznadežnosti.
fatalizma ili beznadežnosti.
00:32
If you've been impacted
by climate disaster,
by climate disaster,
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Ako ste iskusili klimatsku katastrofu,
00:34
these feelings can set in much deeper,
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ova osećanja mogu biti mnogo dublja,
00:36
leading to shock, trauma,
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voditi u šok, traumu,
00:39
strained relationships, substance abuse
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probleme u vezama, narkomaniju
00:41
and the loss of personal
identity and control.
identity and control.
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i gubitak ličnog identiteta i kontrole.
00:44
Vital political and technological work
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
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Važan politički i tehnološki posao
je na putu da reguliše klimatski haos,
je na putu da reguliše klimatski haos,
00:48
but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you
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ali ja sam ovde da vam probudim osećaj
00:51
for why we also need
our actions and policies
our actions and policies
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da ono što preduzimamo treba da reflektuje
00:54
to reflect an understanding
of how our changing environments
of how our changing environments
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i razumevanje na koji način
klimatske promene
klimatske promene
00:57
threaten our mental,
social and spiritual well-being.
social and spiritual well-being.
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predstavljaju pretnju našem mentalnom,
društvenom i duhovnom zdravlju.
društvenom i duhovnom zdravlju.
01:00
The anxiety, grief and depression
of climate scientists and activists
of climate scientists and activists
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Anksioznost, tuga i depresija
među klimatskim naučnicima i aktivistima
među klimatskim naučnicima i aktivistima
01:04
have been reported on for years.
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pojavljuju se već godinama.
01:06
Trends we've seen
after extreme weather events
after extreme weather events
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Nakon ekstremnih vremenskih situacija,
01:08
like hurricane Sandy or Katrina
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kao što su uragan Sendi i Katrina,
01:10
for increased PTSD and suicidality.
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zabeležen je porast posttraumatskog
stresnog poremećaja i suicidalnosti.
stresnog poremećaja i suicidalnosti.
01:13
And there are rich mental-health data
from northern communities
from northern communities
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Tu su i mnogi podaci o mentalnom
zdravlju zajednica na severu
zdravlju zajednica na severu
01:16
where warming is the fastest,
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gde je zagrevanje najbrže,
01:18
like the Inuit in Labrador,
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kao na primer kod Inuita u Labradoru,
01:20
who face existential distress
as they witness the ice,
as they witness the ice,
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koji se nose sa egzistencijalnim
strahom, kad se led,
strahom, kad se led,
01:23
a big part of their identity,
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veliki deo njihovog identiteta,
01:24
vanishing before their eyes.
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topi pred njihovim očima.
01:27
Now if that weren't enough,
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I kao da to nije dovoljno,
01:28
the American Psychological Association
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Američko psihološko udruženje
01:30
says that our psychological
responses to climate change,
responses to climate change,
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tvrdi da su psihološki odgovori
na klimatske promene, poput
na klimatske promene, poput
01:33
like conflict avoidance, helplessness
and resignation, are growing.
and resignation, are growing.
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izbegavanja sa suočavanjem, odustajanja
i bespomoćnosti, u porastu.
i bespomoćnosti, u porastu.
01:38
This means that our conscious
and unconscious mental processes
and unconscious mental processes
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To znači da nas naši svesni
i nesvesni mentalni procesi
i nesvesni mentalni procesi
01:41
are holding us back
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sprečavaju da
01:42
from identifying the causes
of the problem for what they are,
of the problem for what they are,
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identifikujemo uzroke problema,
01:45
working on solutions and fostering
our own psychological resilience,
our own psychological resilience,
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tražimo rešenje i ojačavamo psihu,
01:48
but we need all those things
to take on what we've created.
to take on what we've created.
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ali sve nam to treba da bismo se borili.
01:52
Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon
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Proučavala sam fenomen
01:54
that's just one example
of the emotional hardships
of the emotional hardships
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koji je jedan od primera
emocionalnih teškoća,
emocionalnih teškoća,
01:57
that we're seeing.
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danas.
01:58
And it comes in the form of a question
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I dolazi kao pitanje
02:00
that a significant amount of people
in my generation are struggling to answer.
in my generation are struggling to answer.
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na koje mnogi ljudi moje generacije
ne znaju da odgovore.
ne znaju da odgovore.
02:04
That being:
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A to je:
02:06
Should I have a child
in the age of climate change?
in the age of climate change?
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da li imati dete danas
u vreme klimatskih promena?
u vreme klimatskih promena?
02:09
After all, any child born today
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Dete rođeno danas
02:11
will have to live in a world
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
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živeće u svetu gde su uragani,
poplave, požari,
poplave, požari,
02:14
what we used to call natural disasters --
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jednom rečju, prirodne katastrofe,
02:16
have become commonplace.
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normalna stvar.
02:18
The hottest 20 years on record
occurred within the last 22.
occurred within the last 22.
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Najtoplihih 20 godina
desilo se u poslednjih 22.
desilo se u poslednjih 22.
02:23
The UN expects that two-thirds
of the global population
of the global population
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UN očekuje da će se dve trećine populacije
02:25
may face water shortages
only six years from now.
only six years from now.
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suočiti sa nestašicom vode
za oko 6 godina.
za oko 6 godina.
02:29
The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
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Svetska banka predviđa do 2050.
02:31
there's going to be
140 million climate refugees
140 million climate refugees
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140 miliona klimatskih izbeglica
02:34
in sub-Saharan Africa,
Latin America and South Asia.
Latin America and South Asia.
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iz Subsaharske Afrike,
Latinske Amerike i Južne Azije.
Latinske Amerike i Južne Azije.
02:37
And other estimates put that number
at over one billion.
at over one billion.
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Neki predviđaju da će taj broj biti
veći od milijardu.
veći od milijardu.
02:41
Mass migrations and resource scarcity
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Masovne migracije i nestašica
02:43
increase the risk for violence,
war and political instability.
war and political instability.
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povećavaju rizik od nasilja, rata
i političke nestabilnosti.
i političke nestabilnosti.
02:48
The UN just reported that we are pushing
up to a million species to extinction,
up to a million species to extinction,
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Istrebili smo skoro milion vrsta, kažu UN
02:52
many within decades,
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mnogo za par decenija,
02:54
and our emissions are still increasing,
even after the Paris Agreement.
even after the Paris Agreement.
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a emisije gasova se povećavaju,
čak i nakon Pariskog sporazima.
čak i nakon Pariskog sporazima.
02:59
Over the last year and a half,
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Tokom poslednjih godinu ipo,
03:00
I've been conducting
workshops and interviews
workshops and interviews
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vodila sam brojne radionice i razgovore
03:03
with hundreds of people
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sa stotinama ljudi
03:04
about parenting in the climate crisis.
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o roditeljstvu u klimatskoj krizi.
03:06
And I can tell you
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I mogu vam reći
03:07
that people who are worried about
having kids because of climate change
having kids because of climate change
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da ljudi koji se pitaju
da li imati dete danas,
da li imati dete danas,
03:11
are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
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ne mare za asketski ponos.
03:13
They're nerve-racked.
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Oni su zaprepašćeni.
03:14
There's even a movement
called BirthStrike,
called BirthStrike,
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Postoji čak i pokret, Štrajk Rađanja,
03:16
whose members have declared
they're not going to have kids
they're not going to have kids
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čiji članovi su odlučili
da neće imati decu
da neće imati decu
03:19
because of the state
of the ecological crisis
of the ecological crisis
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zbog stepena ekološke krize
03:21
and inaction from governments
to address this existential threat.
to address this existential threat.
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i pasivnosti vlada da odgovore na pretnju.
03:24
And yes, other generations have also
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
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I druge generacije su se suočile
sa raznim apokalipsama
sa raznim apokalipsama
03:28
but that is no reason to disregard
the very real threat to our survival now.
the very real threat to our survival now.
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ali to nije razlog da umanjimo
veoma stvarnu pretnju opstanku, danas.
veoma stvarnu pretnju opstanku, danas.
03:32
Some feel that it's better
to adopt children.
to adopt children.
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Neki misle da je bolje usvojiti dete.
03:35
Or that it's unethical
to have more than one,
to have more than one,
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Ili da je neetički imati više od jednog,
03:37
especially three, four or more,
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naročito, troje, četvoro ili više,
03:39
because kids increase
greenhouse gas emissions.
greenhouse gas emissions.
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jer deca povećavaju efekat staklene bašte.
03:42
Now, it is a really unfortunate
state of affairs
state of affairs
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Situacija je stvarno nezavidna
03:45
when people who want kids
sacrifice their right to
sacrifice their right to
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kada ljudi koji žele decu
žrtvuju pravo na njih
žrtvuju pravo na njih
03:48
because, somehow, they have been told
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
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jer im je rečeno da je njihov životni stil
odgovoran za problem,
odgovoran za problem,
03:52
when the fault is far more systemic,
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dok je krivica sistematičnija,
03:54
but let's just unpack the logic here.
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ali hajde da uđemo u tu logiku.
03:57
So an oft-cited study
shows that, on average,
shows that, on average,
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Jedna često citirana studija pokazuje da
03:59
having one less child
in an industrialized nation
in an industrialized nation
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imati jedno dete manje u proseku,
u razvijenoj zemlji
u razvijenoj zemlji
04:02
can save about 59 tons
of carbon dioxide per year.
of carbon dioxide per year.
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štedi oko 59 tona
ugljen dioksida godišnje.
ugljen dioksida godišnje.
04:06
While in comparison,
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U poređenju,
04:08
living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons,
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život bez kola, štedi skoro 2,5 tone,
04:11
avoiding a transatlantic flight --
and this is just one --
and this is just one --
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izbegavanje prekookeanskih letova -
i to samo jednog -
i to samo jednog -
04:14
saves about 1.5 tons,
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štedi oko 1,5 tona,
04:16
and eating a plant-based diet
can save almost one ton per year.
can save almost one ton per year.
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a veganska ishrana štedi
i do jedne tone godišnje.
i do jedne tone godišnje.
04:20
And consider that a Bangladeshi child
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Dete iz Bangladeša
04:23
only adds 56 metric tons of carbon
to their parents' carbon legacy
to their parents' carbon legacy
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dodaje samo 56 tona ugljen dioksida
04:27
over their lifetime,
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tokom celog života,
04:28
while an American child, in comparison,
adds 9,441 to theirs.
adds 9,441 to theirs.
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dok Američko dete dodaje 9,441 tona.
04:34
So this is why some people argue
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Zato neki ljudi smatraju
04:35
that it's parents from nations
with huge carbon footprints
with huge carbon footprints
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da su ljudi iz zemalja sa velikom
potrošnjom ugljen-dioksida
potrošnjom ugljen-dioksida
04:38
who should think the hardest
about how many kids they have.
about how many kids they have.
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ti koji treba da razmisle o broju dece.
04:41
But the decision to have a child
and one's feelings about the future
and one's feelings about the future
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Ali odluka o roditeljstvu,
i nečije planiranje budućnosti
i nečije planiranje budućnosti
04:45
are deeply personal,
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veoma su lične stvari,
04:46
and wrapped up
in all sorts of cultural norms,
in all sorts of cultural norms,
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pod uticajem raznih kulturnih normi,
04:48
religious beliefs, socioeconomic status,
education levels and more.
education levels and more.
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religije, socioekonomskog statusa,
nivoa obrazovanja, itd.
nivoa obrazovanja, itd.
04:53
And so to some, this debate
about kids in the climate crisis
about kids in the climate crisis
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I tako nekima ova debata o deci
u toku klimatskih promena
u toku klimatskih promena
04:56
can seem like it came from another planet.
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izgleda kao da je sa druge planete.
04:58
Many have more immediate threats
to their survival to think about,
to their survival to think about,
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Mnogi imaju neposrednije pretnje opstanku,
05:01
like, how they're going to put
food on the table,
food on the table,
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kao, kako obezbediti hranu za obrok,
05:04
when they're a single mom
working three jobs,
working three jobs,
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ako su samohrana mama sa tri posla,
05:06
or they're HIV positive
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
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ili su HIV pozitivni,
ili u migrantskom karavanu.
ili u migrantskom karavanu.
05:09
Tragically, though, climate change
is really great at intersectionality.
is really great at intersectionality.
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Nažalost, klimatske promene se lako mešaju
sa drugim problemima.
sa drugim problemima.
05:13
It multiplies the stresses
marginalized communities already face.
marginalized communities already face.
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Uvećavaju patnje marginalizovanih.
05:18
A political scientist once said to me
that a leading indicator
that a leading indicator
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Jedan politikolog mi je jednom rekao
da je glavni znak
da je glavni znak
05:21
that climate change is starting
to hit home, psychologically,
to hit home, psychologically,
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realizacije veličine problema,
05:24
would be an increase
in the rate of informed women
in the rate of informed women
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povećanje broja informisanih žena,
05:26
deciding to not have children.
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koje se odlučuju da nemaju decu.
05:29
Interesting.
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Zanimljivo.
05:31
Is it hitting home with you,
psychologically?
psychologically?
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Da li i vi shvatate problem?
05:34
Are you perhaps someone
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
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Da li ste vi neko
sa pred-traumatskim stresom?
sa pred-traumatskim stresom?
05:38
A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
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Jedan klimatski psihijatar
je skovao taj termin,
je skovao taj termin,
05:40
and that's a profession now, by the way,
shrinks for climate woes.
shrinks for climate woes.
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i inače to je sad profesija,
psihići za klimatske muke.
psihići za klimatske muke.
05:44
They're getting work at a time
when some high schoolers
when some high schoolers
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Imaju posla danas kada srednjoškolci
05:46
don't want to apply
to university any longer,
to university any longer,
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ne žele da apliciraju za univerzitete
05:48
because they can't foresee
a future for themselves.
a future for themselves.
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jer ne vide budućnost za sebe.
05:51
And this brings me back to my main point.
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A to me dovodi do glavne tačke.
05:54
The growing concern about having kids
in the climate crisis
in the climate crisis
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Sve veća briga o roditeljstvu
u klimatskoj katastrofi
u klimatskoj katastrofi
05:57
is an urgent indicator
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
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je znak koliko se ljudi
osećaju pritisnuto.
osećaju pritisnuto.
06:03
Right now, students around the world
are screaming for change
are screaming for change
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Studenti širom sveta upravo
vrište za promenama
vrište za promenama
06:06
in the piercing voice of despair.
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bolnim glasom očaja.
06:09
And the fact that we can see
how we contribute to this problem
how we contribute to this problem
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A činjenica da znamo
kako doprinosimo problemu
kako doprinosimo problemu
06:12
that makes us feel unsafe
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koji nas ugrožava
06:14
is crazy-making in itself.
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dovoljna je da se osetimo ludima.
06:16
Climate change is all-encompassing
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Klimatske promene su sveobuhvatajuće
06:18
and so are the ways
that it messes with our minds.
that it messes with our minds.
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kao i načini na koje se poigravaju
sa našim umom.
sa našim umom.
06:22
Many activists will tell you
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Mnogi aktivisti će reći
06:24
that the best antidote
to grief is activism.
to grief is activism.
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da je najbolje boriti se aktivizmom.
06:26
And some psychologists will tell you
the answer can be found in therapy.
the answer can be found in therapy.
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A psiholozi će reći da je odgovor
u psihoterapiji.
u psihoterapiji.
06:30
Others believe the key is to imagine
you're on your deathbed,
you're on your deathbed,
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Drugi veruju da treba zamisliti
da ste na samrti
da ste na samrti
06:33
reflecting back on what's mattered
the most in your life,
the most in your life,
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i razmišljati šta je bilo najvažnije
u vašem životu,
u vašem životu,
06:35
so you can identify
what you should do more of now,
what you should do more of now,
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da biste shvatili šta je najbolje učiniti
06:38
with the time that you have left.
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sa vremenom koje vam je ostalo.
06:40
We need all these ideas, and more,
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Sve ove i ostale ideje nam trebaju
06:41
to take care of our innermost selves
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da bismo se starali o svom biću
06:43
as the environments we've known
become more punishing towards us.
become more punishing towards us.
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dok priroda postaje sve grublja
prema nama.
prema nama.
06:47
And whether you have children or not,
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I bez obzira na to imate li dece,
06:49
we need to be honest
about what is happening,
about what is happening,
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treba biti iskren povodom situacije
06:52
and what we owe one another.
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i toga šta dugujemo jedni drugima.
06:55
We cannot afford to treat
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Luksuz je tretirati
06:56
the psychological impacts
of climate change
of climate change
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psihološki uticaj klimatskih promena
06:58
as some afterthought,
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kao sporednu stvar,
07:00
because the other issues, of science,
technology and the politics and economy,
technology and the politics and economy,
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jer se druga pitanja nauke,
tehnologije, politike, ekonomije
tehnologije, politike, ekonomije
07:04
feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.
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čine jakim, dok je ovo nekako slabo.
07:08
Mental health needs to be an integral part
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Mentalno zdravlje treba da bude glavni deo
07:11
of any climate change survival strategy,
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preživljavanja klimatskih promena,
07:13
requiring funding,
and ethics of equity and care,
and ethics of equity and care,
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koji zahteva finansiranje
i etiku jednakosti i brige,
i etiku jednakosti i brige,
07:16
and widespread awareness.
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kao i podizanje nivoa svesti.
07:18
Because even if you're the most
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
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Jer iako ste potpuno emocionalno
izbegavajuća osoba,
izbegavajuća osoba,
07:22
there's no rug in the world
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
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ne postoji dovoljno veliki tepih
pod koji ćete ovo gurnuti.
pod koji ćete ovo gurnuti.
07:25
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:26
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcasterBritt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future.
Why you should listen
Author of the book Rise of the Necrofauna, cohost of the BBC podcast Tomorrow's World and guest host on Canada's legendary national science TV show The Nature of Things, Britt Wray shows audiences what's happening at the forefront of science, technology, ethics and environment, probing how it affects us. The New Yorker named her first book Rise of the Necrofauna: The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction one of the "books we loved" in 2017 and the Sunday Times called it a "must-read." By making science accessible and illuminating its possible consequences, Wray's writing, broadcasting and talks help us understand how the world is changing, creating a rich space for conversation about how each of us can respond to those changes.
Wray has been a summer host on CBC Radio 1's flagship science show Quirks and Quarks, and produced several radio documentaries for outlets such as BBC Radio 4, CBC IDEAS, WNYC's Studio 360 and Love and Radio. She created the interactive audio diary platform for frank speech about science called Aurator (aurator.org) which won the 2018 Society for the Social Studies of Science Award. Wray has a PhD in science communication with a focus on synthetic biology from the University of Copenhagen and holds a BSc (Hon) in biology from Queen's University and an interdisciplinary master's in art, media and design from OCAD University. She has also been a visiting scholar at the NYU Arthur L. Carter Institute for Journalism and was a 2019 TED Resident. Wray is currently writing a book about intimate dilemmas in the climate crisis.
Britt Wray | Speaker | TED.com