TED2016
Adam Grant: The surprising habits of original thinkers
Adam Grant: Presenetljive navade izvirnih mislecev
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Kako se ustvarjalni ljudje domislijo novih idej? Organizacijski psiholog Adam Grant preučuje "originale": mislece, ki se domislijo novih idej in se nato zavzamejo, da jih ponesejo v svet. V tem govoru se naučite treh nepričakovanih navad originalov - vključno s sprejetjem poraza. "Najboljši originali so tisti, ki jim je spodletelo, saj tisti največ poskušajo," pravi Grant. "Veliko slabih idej potrebuješ, da dobiš nekaj dobrih."
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me
and asked me to invest in his company.
and asked me to invest in his company.
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Pred sedmimi leti me je študent vprašal,
če bi investiral v njegovo podjetje.
če bi investiral v njegovo podjetje.
00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
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Rekel je: "Delam s tremi prijatelji
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt
an industry by selling stuff online."
an industry by selling stuff online."
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in poskušali bomo pretresti industrijo
s prodajo stvari na spletu."
s prodajo stvari na spletu."
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent
the whole summer on this, right?"
the whole summer on this, right?"
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In rekel sem: "Ok, celo poletje
ste delali na tem, ne?"
ste delali na tem, ne?"
00:26
"No, we all took internships
just in case it doesn't work out."
just in case it doesn't work out."
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"Ne, vsi smo si dobili pripravništva,
če se slučajno ne bi izšlo."
če se slučajno ne bi izšlo."
00:29
"All right, but you're going to
go in full time once you graduate."
go in full time once you graduate."
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"V redu, ampak ko diplomirate,
se boste temu popolnoma posvetili."
se boste temu popolnoma posvetili."
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all
lined up backup jobs."
lined up backup jobs."
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"Ne čisto. Vsi imamo pripravljene
službe za vsak primer."
službe za vsak primer."
00:37
Six months go by,
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Mine šest mesecev in dan preden
naj bi bilo podjetje lansirano,
naj bi bilo podjetje lansirano,
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
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00:40
and there is still
not a functioning website.
not a functioning website.
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še vedno ni bilo delujoče spletne strani.
"Saj se zavedate, da je celotno
podjetje spletna stran.
podjetje spletna stran.
00:43
"You guys realize,
the entire company is a website.
the entire company is a website.
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00:45
That's literally all it is."
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To je vse, kar je."
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
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Seveda sem zavrnil investicijo.
00:53
And they ended up
naming the company Warby Parker.
naming the company Warby Parker.
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In podjetje so poimenovali Warby Parker.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
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Na spletu prodajajo očala.
Pred kratkim so jih prepoznali
kot najbolj inovativno podjetje na svetu
kot najbolj inovativno podjetje na svetu
01:00
They were recently recognized
as the world's most innovative company
as the world's most innovative company
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01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
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in vredni so več kot milijardo dolarjev.
01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
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In sedaj?
Moja žena upravlja najine investicije.
Moja žena upravlja najine investicije.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
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Zakaj sem se tako motil?
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people
that I come to call "originals."
that I come to call "originals."
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Da bi to izvedel, sem preučeval ljudi,
ki jim rečem "originali."
ki jim rečem "originali."
01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
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Originali so nekonformisti,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
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ljudje, ki ne samo, da imajo nove ideje,
01:21
but take action to champion them.
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ampak jih tudi uresničijo.
01:23
They are people
who stand out and speak up.
who stand out and speak up.
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So ljudje, ki izstopajo in so glasni.
01:26
Originals drive creativity
and change in the world.
and change in the world.
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Originali poganjajo ustvarjalnost
in spreminjajo svet.
in spreminjajo svet.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
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So ljudje, na katere želite staviti.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
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In ne izgledajo tako,
kot sem si predstavljal.
kot sem si predstavljal.
Danes želim pokazati tri stvari,
ki sem se jih naučil
ki sem se jih naučil
01:34
I want to show you today
three things I've learned
three things I've learned
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01:37
about recognizing originals
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o prepoznavanju originalov
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
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in kako postati bolj kot oni.
01:42
So the first reason
that I passed on Warby Parker
that I passed on Warby Parker
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Prvi razlog, da nisem
investiral v Warbyja Parkerja,
investiral v Warbyja Parkerja,
01:45
was they were really slow
getting off the ground.
getting off the ground.
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je bil, da so začenjali izredno počasi.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar
with the mind of a procrastinator.
with the mind of a procrastinator.
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Vsi poznate um odlašalca.
01:54
Well, I have a confession for you.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
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Nekaj vam moram priznati.
Sem ravno nasproten. Sem ne-odlašalec.
Sem ravno nasproten. Sem ne-odlašalec.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
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Ja, to je dejanski izraz.
02:01
You know that panic you feel
a few hours before a big deadline
a few hours before a big deadline
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Poznate tisto paniko, ki jo čutiš
nekaj ur pred pomembnim rokom,
ko nisi še ničesar naredil.
ko nisi še ničesar naredil.
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
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02:06
I just feel that
a few months ahead of time.
a few months ahead of time.
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Jaz to čutim nekaj mesecev prej.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid,
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
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S tem sem začel zelo zgodaj:
Nintendo igre sem jemal zelo resno.
Nintendo igre sem jemal zelo resno.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
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Zbudil sem se ob petih zjutraj,
02:20
start playing and not stop
until I had mastered them.
until I had mastered them.
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začel igrati in nisem odnehal,
dokler jih nisem obvladal.
dokler jih nisem obvladal.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand
that a local newspaper came
that a local newspaper came
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Sčasoma je šlo tako daleč,
da je prišel lokalni časopis
da je prišel lokalni časopis
02:27
and did a story on the dark side
of Nintendo, starring me.
of Nintendo, starring me.
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in napisal članek o temni strani Nintenda,
z mano v glavni vlogi.
z mano v glavni vlogi.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:34
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
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Od takrat sem zamenjal lase za zobe.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:49
But this served me well in college,
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A na fakulteti mi je to prišlo prav,
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis
four months before the deadline.
four months before the deadline.
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ker sem zaključil svojo diplomo
štiri mesece pred rokom.
štiri mesece pred rokom.
02:58
And I was proud of that,
until a few years ago.
until a few years ago.
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Bil sem ponosen na to, do pred nekaj leti.
03:01
I had a student named Jihae,
who came to me and said,
who came to me and said,
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Imel sem študentko Jihae,
ki je prišla k meni in rekla:
ki je prišla k meni in rekla:
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas
when I'm procrastinating."
when I'm procrastinating."
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"Najbolj kreativne ideje imam takrat,
ko odlašam."
ko odlašam."
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute,
where are the four papers you owe me?"
where are the four papers you owe me?"
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In sem rekel: "Fino, kje so
štirje članki, ki mi jih dolguješ?"
štirje članki, ki mi jih dolguješ?"
03:12
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
Ne, bila je ena naših
najkreativnejših študentk
najkreativnejših študentk
03:13
No, she was one
of our most creative students,
of our most creative students,
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03:15
and as an organizational psychologist,
this is the kind of idea that I test.
this is the kind of idea that I test.
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in kot organizacijski psiholog
je to tiste vrste ideja, ki jo testiram.
je to tiste vrste ideja, ki jo testiram.
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
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Izzval sem jo, naj pridobi nekaj podatkov.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
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Gre v cel kup podjetij.
03:23
She has people fill out surveys
about how often they procrastinate.
about how often they procrastinate.
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Ljudje ji izpolnijo vprašalnike
o tem, kako pogosto odlašajo.
o tem, kako pogosto odlašajo.
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate
how creative and innovative they are.
how creative and innovative they are.
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Nato pa njihovi šefi ocenijo,
kako kreativni in inovativni so.
kako kreativni in inovativni so.
03:31
And sure enough,
the precrastinators like me,
the precrastinators like me,
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In seveda, ne-odlašalci kot sem jaz,
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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ki hitijo in naredijo vse zgodaj,
03:35
are rated as less creative
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so ocenjeni kot manj kreativni
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
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kot ljudje, ki zmerno odlašajo.
03:40
So I want to know what happens
to the chronic procrastinators.
to the chronic procrastinators.
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Želel sem vedeti, kaj se zgodi
s kroničnimi odlašalci.
s kroničnimi odlašalci.
03:43
She was like, "I don't know.
They didn't fill out my survey."
They didn't fill out my survey."
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Rekla je: "Ne vem,
niso izpolnili moje ankete."
niso izpolnili moje ankete."
03:46
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
03:49
No, here are our results.
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Ne, tu so naši rezultati.
03:51
You actually do see that the people
who wait until the last minute
who wait until the last minute
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Lahko dejansko vidite, da so ljudje,
ki odlašajo do zadnje minute,
ki odlašajo do zadnje minute,
03:55
are so busy goofing off
that they don't have any new ideas.
that they don't have any new ideas.
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preveč zaposleni z afnanjem,
tako da nimajo originalnih idej.
tako da nimajo originalnih idej.
04:00
And on the flip side,
the people who race in
the people who race in
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In po drugi strani, ljudje, ki hitijo,
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they
don't have original thoughts either.
don't have original thoughts either.
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so tako anksiozni, da tudi
oni nimajo originalnih idej.
oni nimajo originalnih idej.
04:09
There's a sweet spot
where originals seem to live.
where originals seem to live.
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Obstaja neka točka,
kjer živi originalnost.
kjer živi originalnost.
04:13
Why is this?
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Zakaj je tako?
04:15
Maybe original people
just have bad work habits.
just have bad work habits.
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Morda imajo originalni
ljudje samo slabe delovne navade.
ljudje samo slabe delovne navade.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating
does not cause creativity.
does not cause creativity.
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Morda odlašanje
ne povzroča ustvarjalnosti.
ne povzroča ustvarjalnosti.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
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Da bi to izvedeli, smo zasnovali
nekaj eksperimentov.
nekaj eksperimentov.
04:25
We asked people
to generate new business ideas,
to generate new business ideas,
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Ljudem smo rekli, naj se domislijo
novih poslovnih idej,
novih poslovnih idej,
04:28
and then we get independent readers
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nato pa smo vzeli neodvisne bralce,
04:30
to evaluate how creative
and useful they are.
and useful they are.
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ki so ocenili, kako kreativne
in uporabne so.
in uporabne so.
04:33
And some of them are asked
to do the task right away.
to do the task right away.
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Nekatere smo prosili,
naj to naredijo takoj.
naj to naredijo takoj.
04:36
Others we randomly assign
to procrastinate
to procrastinate
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Drugim smo naključno
določili odlašanje tako,
določili odlašanje tako,
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
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da smo jim dali minolovca
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
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za pet ali 10 minut.
04:43
And sure enough,
the moderate procrastinators
the moderate procrastinators
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In zmerni odlašalci so bili
04:47
are 16 percent more creative
than the other two groups.
than the other two groups.
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16 odstotkov bolj kreativni
kot ostali dve skupini.
kot ostali dve skupini.
04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
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Minolovec je super,
ampak ni nosilec tega efekta,
ampak ni nosilec tega efekta,
04:54
because if you play the game first
before you learn about the task,
before you learn about the task,
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ker, če igraš to igro
preden izveš za nalogo,
preden izveš za nalogo,
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
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ni povečanja kreativnosti.
04:59
It's only when you're told that you're
going to be working on this problem,
going to be working on this problem,
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Samo, ko so vam povedali,
da boste delali na tem problemu,
da boste delali na tem problemu,
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
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in nato začnete z odlašanjem,
05:04
but the task is still active
in the back of your mind,
in the back of your mind,
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ampak je naloga še vedno
nekje zadaj v možganih,
nekje zadaj v možganih,
05:07
that you start to incubate.
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začnete inkubirati.
05:09
Procrastination gives you time
to consider divergent ideas,
to consider divergent ideas,
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Odlašanje ti da čas,
da pomisliš na drugačne ideje,
da pomisliš na drugačne ideje,
05:12
to think in nonlinear ways,
to make unexpected leaps.
to make unexpected leaps.
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da misliš na nelinearen način,
da narediš nepričakovane preskoke.
da narediš nepričakovane preskoke.
05:16
So just as we were finishing
these experiments,
these experiments,
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Ravno ko smo zaključevali
s temi eksperimenti,
s temi eksperimenti,
05:18
I was starting to write
a book about originals,
a book about originals,
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sem začel pisati knjigo o originalih
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time
to teach myself to procrastinate,
to teach myself to procrastinate,
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in pomislil: "To je odličen čas,
da se naučim odlašanja,
da se naučim odlašanja,
05:26
while writing a chapter
on procrastination."
on procrastination."
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medtem ko pišem poglavje o odlašanju."
05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
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Sem torej meta odlašal,
05:32
and like any self-respecting
precrastinator,
precrastinator,
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in kot vsak pravi ne-odlašalec,
05:35
I woke up early the next morning
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sem naslednje jutro zgodaj vstal
05:37
and I made a to-do list
with steps on how to procrastinate.
with steps on how to procrastinate.
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in naredil seznam korakov, kako odlašati.
05:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
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In nato sem pridno delal
05:47
toward my goal of not making
progress toward my goal.
progress toward my goal.
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na tem, da nisem pridno delal.
05:52
I started writing
the procrastination chapter,
the procrastination chapter,
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Začel sem pisati poglavje o odlašanju
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
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in nekega dne - bil sem na polovici -
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
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sem ga odložil dobesedno sredi stavka
05:58
for months.
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za več mesecev.
05:59
It was agony.
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Bila je agonija.
06:02
But when I came back to it,
I had all sorts of new ideas.
I had all sorts of new ideas.
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A ko sem se vrnil k delu,
sem imel vse vrste novih idej.
sem imel vse vrste novih idej.
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
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Kot je rekel Aaron Sorkin:
06:07
"You call it procrastinating.
I call it thinking."
I call it thinking."
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"Ti rečeš odlašanje,
jaz temu pravim razmišljanje."
jaz temu pravim razmišljanje."
06:12
And along the way I discovered
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In medtem sem odkril,
06:13
that a lot of great originals
in history were procrastinators.
in history were procrastinators.
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da je bilo veliko originalov
skozi zgodovino odlašalcev.
skozi zgodovino odlašalcev.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
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Naprimer Leonardo da Vinci.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
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16 let se je ukvarjal
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
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z Mona Liso.
06:24
He felt like a failure.
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Počutil se je kot zguba.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
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To je napisal v svoj dnevnik.
06:30
But some of the diversions
he took in optics
he took in optics
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A ena izmed njegovih diverzij, optika,
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
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je spremenila, kako je obdeloval svetlobo
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
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in zato je postal veliko boljši slikar.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
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Kaj pa Martin Luther King Jr.?
06:40
The night before
the biggest speech of his life,
the biggest speech of his life,
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Noč pred največjim govorom
v svojem življenju,
v svojem življenju,
06:42
the March on Washington,
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marš na Washington,
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
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je bil pokonci ob treh zjutraj
in ga pisal na novo.
in ga pisal na novo.
06:46
He's sitting in the audience
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
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Sedi med občinstvom, čaka, da bo na vrsti,
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes
and crossing out lines.
and crossing out lines.
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še vedno piše in črta ven dele.
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
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Ko gre na oder, po 11 minutah,
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
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pusti pripravljene zapiske,
06:58
to utter four words
that changed the course of history:
that changed the course of history:
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da izreče štiri besede,
ki so spremenile tok zgodovine:
ki so spremenile tok zgodovine:
07:01
"I have a dream."
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"Imam sanje."
(I have a dream.)
(I have a dream.)
07:04
That was not in the script.
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Tega ni bilo v scenariju.
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing
the speech until the very last minute,
the speech until the very last minute,
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Z odlašanjem do zadnje minute
z dokončanjem govora,
z dokončanjem govora,
07:11
he left himself open
to the widest range of possible ideas.
to the widest range of possible ideas.
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je bil odprt za najbolj
širok spekter idej.
širok spekter idej.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
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In ker besedilo ni bilo zacementirano,
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
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je lahko improviziral.
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice
when it comes to productivity,
when it comes to productivity,
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Odlašanje je slaba stvar
pri produktivnosti,
pri produktivnosti,
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
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a za kreativnost je lahko vrlina.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
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Kar lahko vidite
pri mnogih originalih, je,
pri mnogih originalih, je,
07:29
is that they are quick to start
but they're slow to finish.
but they're slow to finish.
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da hitro začnejo in počasi končajo.
07:33
And this is what I missed
with Warby Parker.
with Warby Parker.
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In to sem zgrešil pri Warbyju Parkerju.
07:35
When they were dragging
their heels for six months,
their heels for six months,
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Ko so se šest mesecev vlekli,
07:38
I looked at them and said,
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sem jih pogledal in rekel:
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies
are starting to sell glasses online."
are starting to sell glasses online."
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"Veliko drugih podjetij
na spletu prodaja očala."
na spletu prodaja očala."
07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
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Zamudili so prednost prvega na trgu.
07:46
But what I didn't realize was
they were spending all that time
they were spending all that time
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A kar nisem vedel, je,
da so porabljali ta čas,
da so porabljali ta čas,
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
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da bi ugotovili, kako narediti
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
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naročanje očal na spletu boljše.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover
advantage is mostly a myth.
advantage is mostly a myth.
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Izkaže se, da je prednost
prvega na trgu večinoma mit.
prvega na trgu večinoma mit.
07:56
Look at a classic study
of over 50 product categories,
of over 50 product categories,
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Poglejte to klasično študijo, v kateri
je za več kot 50 kategorij produktov
je za več kot 50 kategorij produktov
07:59
comparing the first movers
who created the market
who created the market
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narejena primerjava
prvih na trgu, ki so trg ustvarili,
prvih na trgu, ki so trg ustvarili,
08:02
with the improvers who introduced
something different and better.
something different and better.
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s tistimi, ki so ga izboljšali
in predstavili nekaj drugačnega in novega.
in predstavili nekaj drugačnega in novega.
08:06
What you see is that the first movers
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
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Vidite, da so prvi na trgu imeli
stopnjo neuspeha 47 odstotkov,
stopnjo neuspeha 47 odstotkov,
08:10
compared with only 8 percent
for the improvers.
for the improvers.
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v primerjavi z 8 odstotki za tiste,
ki so stvar izboljšali.
ki so stvar izboljšali.
08:15
Look at Facebook,
waiting to build a social network
waiting to build a social network
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Facebook, ki je počakal
z grajenjem socialnega omrežja
z grajenjem socialnega omrežja
08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
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do Myspacea in Friendsterja.
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years
after Altavista and Yahoo.
after Altavista and Yahoo.
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Poglejte Google, ki je čakal leta
po Altavisti in Yahooju.
po Altavisti in Yahooju.
08:24
It's much easier to improve
on somebody else's idea
on somebody else's idea
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Veliko lažje je izboljšati
idejo nekoga drugega,
idejo nekoga drugega,
08:27
than it is to create
something new from scratch.
something new from scratch.
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kot je začeti nekaj novega iz nič.
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that
to be original you don't have to be first.
to be original you don't have to be first.
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Lekcija, ki sem se je naučil, je, da ni
treba biti prvi, da bi bil originalen.
treba biti prvi, da bi bil originalen.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
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Moraš biti samo drugačen in boljši.
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason
I passed on Warby Parker.
I passed on Warby Parker.
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A to ni bil edini razlog,
da sem izpustil Warbyja Parkerja.
da sem izpustil Warbyja Parkerja.
08:41
They were also full of doubts.
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Bili so tudi polni dvomov.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
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Imele so rezervne plane
08:45
and that made me doubt
that they had the courage to be original,
that they had the courage to be original,
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in zaradi tega sem dvomil,
da imajo pogum biti originalni,
da imajo pogum biti originalni,
08:49
because I expected that originals
would look something like this.
would look something like this.
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ker sem pričakoval, da originali
izgledajo nekako takole.
izgledajo nekako takole.
08:55
(Laughter)
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2321
(Smeh)
08:58
Now, on the surface,
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Na površju
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
173
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veliko originalnih ljudi
izgleda samozavestno,
izgleda samozavestno,
09:02
but behind the scenes,
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a v ozadju čutijo isti strah
in dvom kot ostali.
in dvom kot ostali.
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt
that the rest of us do.
that the rest of us do.
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09:06
They just manage it differently.
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Samo obvladajo ga drugače.
09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
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Naj vam pokažem: to je prikaz,
09:10
of how the creative process
works for most of us.
works for most of us.
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kako kreativni proces
izgleda pri večini izmed nas.
izgleda pri večini izmed nas.
09:16
(Laughter)
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2000
(Smeh)
V svojem raziskovanju sem ugotovil,
da obstajata dve različni vrsti dvoma.
da obstajata dve različni vrsti dvoma.
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered
there are two different kinds of doubt.
there are two different kinds of doubt.
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09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
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Dvom vase in dvom v idejo.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
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Dvom vase te paralizira.
09:26
It leads you to freeze.
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Povzroči, da zmrzneš.
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
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A dvom v idejo, ti da zagon.
09:30
It motivates you to test,
to experiment, to refine,
to experiment, to refine,
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Motivira te, da testiraš,
eksperimentiraš, izboljšaš
eksperimentiraš, izboljšaš
09:33
just like MLK did.
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2056
tako kot MLK.
09:35
And so the key to being original
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In tako je ključ do tega, da si original,
09:38
is just a simple thing
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1736
preprosto izogibanje preskoka
od koraka tri na korak štiri.
od koraka tri na korak štiri.
09:40
of avoiding the leap
from step three to step four.
from step three to step four.
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3376
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
190
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1816
Namesto da rečeš: "Zanič sem,"
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts
are always crap,
are always crap,
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2480
reči: "Prvih nekaj osnutkov
je vedno zanič
je vedno zanič
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
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1400
in jaz pač še nisem tam."
09:50
So how do you get there?
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Kako pa prideš do tja?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
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Obstaja namig,
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
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v internetnem brskalniku,
ki ga uporabljate.
ki ga uporabljate.
09:57
We can predict your job performance
and your commitment
and your commitment
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Lahko predvidimo uspeh
v službi in vašo predanost,
v službi in vašo predanost,
09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
197
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samo s tem, da vemo,
kateri brskalnik uporabljate.
kateri brskalnik uporabljate.
10:03
Now, some of you are not
going to like the results of this study --
going to like the results of this study --
198
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3176
Nekaterim rezultati
te študije ne bodo všeč -
te študije ne bodo všeč -
10:06
(Laughter)
199
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1336
(Smeh)
10:08
But there is good evidence
that Firefox and Chrome users
that Firefox and Chrome users
200
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A obstajajo dobri dokazi,
da uporabniki Firefoxa in Chromea
da uporabniki Firefoxa in Chromea
10:11
significantly outperform
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
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delajo znatno boljše kot uporabniki
Internet Explorerja in Safarija.
Internet Explorerja in Safarija.
10:15
Yes.
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Ja.
10:17
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs
15 percent longer, by the way.
15 percent longer, by the way.
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Prav tako v službi ostanejo
15 odstotkov dlje, mimogrede.
15 odstotkov dlje, mimogrede.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
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Zakaj? Ne gre za tehnološko prednost.
10:25
The four browser groups
on average have similar typing speed
on average have similar typing speed
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V povprečju imajo te štiri skupine
podobno hitrost tipkanja
podobno hitrost tipkanja
10:28
and they also have similar levels
of computer knowledge.
of computer knowledge.
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in prav tako podobno raven
računalniškega znanja.
računalniškega znanja.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
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2096
Gre za to, kako ste dobili brskalnik.
10:34
Because if you use
Internet Explorer or Safari,
Internet Explorer or Safari,
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Ker če uporabljate
Internet Explorer ali Safari,
Internet Explorer ali Safari,
10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
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2536
so bili ti že naloženi na računalnik
10:39
and you accepted the default option
that was handed to you.
that was handed to you.
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in ste sprejeli dano opcijo.
Če ste želeli Firefox ali Chrome,
ste morali dvomiti v dano opcijo
ste morali dvomiti v dano opcijo
10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome,
you had to doubt the default
you had to doubt the default
212
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10:45
and ask, is there
a different option out there,
a different option out there,
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in se vprašati, je tu še druga možnost,
10:47
and then be a little resourceful
and download a new browser.
and download a new browser.
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2960
in nato biti iznajdljivi
in naložiti nov brskalnik.
in naložiti nov brskalnik.
10:51
So people hear about this study
and they're like,
and they're like,
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Ljudje slišijo za to študijo in rečejo:
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job,
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
216
642120
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"Super, če želim biti uspešnejši v službi,
moram samo zamenjati brskalnik?"
moram samo zamenjati brskalnik?"
10:57
(Laughter)
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1016
(Smeh)
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
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Ne, gre za to, če ste take vrste oseba,
11:01
who takes the initiative
to doubt the default
to doubt the default
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ki prevzame iniciativo in dvomi v standard
11:03
and look for a better option.
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2136
in poišče boljšo možnost.
11:05
And if you do that well,
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In če to počnete dobro,
11:07
you will open yourself up
to the opposite of déjà vu.
to the opposite of déjà vu.
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2800
se boste odprli za
nekaj nasprotnega deja vuju.
nekaj nasprotnega deja vuju.
11:10
There's a name for it.
It's called vuja de.
It's called vuja de.
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To ima ime. Imenuje se vuja de.
11:13
(Laughter)
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2000
(Smeh)
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something
you've seen many times before
you've seen many times before
225
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3176
Vuja de je, ko gledaš nekaj,
kar si videl že velikokrat,
kar si videl že velikokrat,
11:20
and all of a sudden
see it with fresh eyes.
see it with fresh eyes.
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in kar naenkrat to vidiš na nov način.
11:23
It's a screenwriter
who looks at a movie script
who looks at a movie script
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2616
Kot pisec, ki gleda scenarij za film,
11:26
that can't get the green light
for more than half a century.
for more than half a century.
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2976
ki ne dobi zelene luči
več kot pol stoletja.
več kot pol stoletja.
11:29
In every past version,
the main character has been an evil queen.
the main character has been an evil queen.
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V vsaki pretekli verziji je bila
glavna junakinja zlobna kraljica.
glavna junakinja zlobna kraljica.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question
whether that makes sense.
whether that makes sense.
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3136
A Jennifer Lee se začne spraševati,
če ima to sploh smisel.
če ima to sploh smisel.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
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1456
Ponovno napiše prvo dejanje,
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
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na novo izumi negativko
kot trpinčeno junakinjo,
kot trpinčeno junakinjo,
11:41
and Frozen becomes
the most successful animated movie ever.
the most successful animated movie ever.
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in Frozen postane najbolj
uspešen animirani film.
uspešen animirani film.
11:45
So there's a simple message
from this story.
from this story.
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Iz te zgodbe izhaja preprosto sporočilo.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
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2600
Če čutite dvom, tega ne izpustite.
11:50
(Laughter)
236
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(Smeh)
11:53
What about fear?
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Kaj pa strah?
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
238
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1920
Originali prav tako čutijo strah.
11:57
They're afraid of failing,
239
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1856
Bojijo se neuspeha,
11:59
but what sets them apart
from the rest of us
from the rest of us
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a od nas se razlikujejo po tem,
12:01
is that they're even more
afraid of failing to try.
afraid of failing to try.
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da jih je še bolj strah,
da ne bi uspeli poskusiti.
da ne bi uspeli poskusiti.
12:04
They know you can fail
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
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Vedo, da ti lahko spodleti, če začneš
s podjetjem, ki nato bankrotira,
s podjetjem, ki nato bankrotira,
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
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ali pa, da podjetja sploh ne ustanoviš.
12:10
They know that in the long run,
our biggest regrets are not our actions
our biggest regrets are not our actions
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Vedo, da dolgoročno
ne obžalujemo naših dejanj
ne obžalujemo naših dejanj
12:14
but our inactions.
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ampak tisto, česar nismo storili.
12:15
The things we wish we could redo,
if you look at the science,
if you look at the science,
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Stvari, ki bi jih radi ponovili,
pravi znanost,
pravi znanost,
12:18
are the chances not taken.
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2200
so možnosti, ki jih nismo izkoristili.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently,
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
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Elon Musk mi je pred kratkim povedal,
da ni mislil, da bo Tesla uspela.
da ni mislil, da bo Tesla uspela.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
249
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Prepričan je bil, da prvih nekaj
SpaceXovih poletov
SpaceXovih poletov
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit,
let alone get back,
let alone get back,
250
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ne bo doseglo orbite,
kaj šele prišli nazaj,
kaj šele prišli nazaj,
12:31
but it was too important not to try.
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2200
a bilo je preveč pomembno,
da ne bi poskusil.
da ne bi poskusil.
12:34
And for so many of us,
when we have an important idea,
when we have an important idea,
252
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In veliko ljudi,
ko imamo pomembno idejo,
ko imamo pomembno idejo,
12:36
we don't bother to try.
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ne poskusimo.
12:38
But I have some good news for you.
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2056
A za vas imam nekaj dobrih novic.
12:41
You are not going to get judged
on your bad ideas.
on your bad ideas.
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Ne bodo vas sodili po vaših slabih idejah.
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
256
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Veliko ljudi misli, da jih bodo.
12:45
If you look across industries
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Če pogledate po industrijah
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea,
their most important suggestion,
their most important suggestion,
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in ljudi vprašate o njihovih največjih
idejah, najpomembnejših predlogih,
idejah, najpomembnejših predlogih,
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent
instead of speaking up.
instead of speaking up.
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jih 85 odstotkov ostane tiho,
namesto, da bi spregovorili.
namesto, da bi spregovorili.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing
themselves, of looking stupid.
themselves, of looking stupid.
260
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Strah jih je bilo, da se bodo osramotili,
da bodo izpadli neumni.
da bodo izpadli neumni.
12:58
But guess what? Originals
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
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A veste kaj?
Originali imajo veliko slabih idej,
Originali imajo veliko slabih idej,
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
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ogromno pravzaprav.
13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
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Poglejte tipa, ki je izumil to.
13:07
Do you care that he came up
with a talking doll so creepy
with a talking doll so creepy
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Vam je mar, da je naredil
tako grozljivo lutko,
tako grozljivo lutko,
13:10
that it scared not only kids
but adults, too?
but adults, too?
265
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da straši ne samo otroke,
ampak tudi odrasle?
ampak tudi odrasle?
13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison
for pioneering the light bulb.
for pioneering the light bulb.
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4336
Ne. Thomasa Edisona častite,
ker je izumil žarnico.
ker je izumil žarnico.
13:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
13:20
If you look across fields,
268
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Če pogledate preko področij,
13:23
the greatest originals
are the ones who fail the most,
are the ones who fail the most,
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so največji originali tisti,
ki jim največkrat spodleti,
ki jim največkrat spodleti,
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
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ker so tisti, ki največkrat poskušajo.
13:28
Take classical composers,
the best of the best.
the best of the best.
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Klasični skladatelji,
najboljši izmed najboljših.
najboljši izmed najboljših.
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages
in encyclopedias than others
in encyclopedias than others
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Zakaj imajo nekateri v enciklopedijah
več strani kot drugi
več strani kot drugi
13:34
and also have their compositions
rerecorded more times?
rerecorded more times?
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in pravo tako večkrat
posnamejo njihove kompozicije?
posnamejo njihove kompozicije?
13:38
One of the best predictors
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En od najboljših pokazateljev
13:39
is the sheer volume
of compositions that they generate.
of compositions that they generate.
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je sama količina kompozicij,
ki jih proizvajajo.
ki jih proizvajajo.
13:43
The more output you churn out,
the more variety you get
the more variety you get
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Več stvari proizvedeš,
več raznolikosti dobiš
več raznolikosti dobiš
13:46
and the better your chances
of stumbling on something truly original.
of stumbling on something truly original.
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in boljše možnosti imaš,
da naletiš na nekaj res originalnega.
da naletiš na nekaj res originalnega.
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
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Celo tri ikone klasične glasbe:
Bach, Beethoven in Mozart,
Bach, Beethoven in Mozart,
13:54
had to generate hundreds
and hundreds of compositions
and hundreds of compositions
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so morali narediti na stotine kompozicij,
13:57
to come up with a much smaller
number of masterpieces.
number of masterpieces.
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da so prišli do veliko
manjšega števila mojstrovin.
manjšega števila mojstrovin.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
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Morda se sprašujete,
14:03
how did this guy become great
without doing a whole lot?
without doing a whole lot?
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kako je tale postal tako dober,
brez da bi toliko ustvaril?
brez da bi toliko ustvaril?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
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Ne vem, kako je Wagnerju to uspelo.
14:10
But for most of us,
if we want to be more original,
if we want to be more original,
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A za večino izmed nas,
če želimo biti bolj izvirni,
če želimo biti bolj izvirni,
14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
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moram ustvariti več idej.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they
were trying to name their company,
were trying to name their company,
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Ko so ustanovitelji podjetja Warby Parker
iskali ime za svoje podjetje,
iskali ime za svoje podjetje,
14:20
they needed something sophisticated,
unique, with no negative associations
unique, with no negative associations
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so potrebovali nekaj sofisticiranega,
unikatnega, brez negativnih asociacij,
unikatnega, brez negativnih asociacij,
14:23
to build a retail brand,
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da bi zgradili prodajno znamko
in testirali so več kot 2000 možnosti,
in testirali so več kot 2000 možnosti,
14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
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14:27
before they finally put together
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preden so končno združili
14:29
Warby and Parker.
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Warby in Parker.
14:32
So if you put all this together,
what you see is that originals
what you see is that originals
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Ko vse to združite, vidite, da originali
14:35
are not that different
from the rest of us.
from the rest of us.
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niso preveč drugačni od nas.
14:37
They feel fear and doubt.
They procrastinate.
They procrastinate.
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Čutijo strah in dvom. Odlašajo.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
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Imajo slabe ideje.
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite
of those qualities but because of them
of those qualities but because of them
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In včasih ne uspejo kljub tem lastnostim,
ampak zaradi njih.
ampak zaradi njih.
14:46
that they succeed.
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14:48
So when you see those things,
don't make the same mistake I did.
don't make the same mistake I did.
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Ko vidite te stvari,
ne naredite enake napake kot jaz.
ne naredite enake napake kot jaz.
14:51
Don't write them off.
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Ne odpišite jih.
14:52
And when that's you,
don't count yourself out either.
don't count yourself out either.
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In ko gre za vas, ne odpišite sebe.
14:55
Know that being quick to start
but slow to finish
but slow to finish
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Vedite, da lahko hiter začetek,
a počasen zaključek
a počasen zaključek
14:57
can boost your creativity,
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poveča vašo kreativnost,
14:59
that you can motivate yourself
by doubting your ideas
by doubting your ideas
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da se lahko motivirate s tem,
ko dvomite v ideje,
ko dvomite v ideje,
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
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sprejmete strah pred neuspehom,
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas
in order to get a few good ones.
in order to get a few good ones.
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in da potrebujete veliko slabih idej,
da dobite nekaj dobrih.
da dobite nekaj dobrih.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
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Poglejte, biti izviren ni lahko,
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
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a nimam nobenega dvoma:
15:13
it's the best way
to improve the world around us.
to improve the world around us.
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to je najboljši način,
kako izboljšati svet okoli nas.
kako izboljšati svet okoli nas.
15:16
Thank you.
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Hvala.
15:17
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologistAfter years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.
Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.
Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com