TED2016
Adam Grant: The surprising habits of original thinkers
Adam Grant: Iznenađujuće navike originalnih mislilaca
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Kako kreativni ljudi dolaze do dobrih ideja? Organizacioni psiholog, Adam Grant, pručava "originalce": mislioce koji smišljaju nove ideje i preduzimaju akciju da ih sprovedu u delo. Iz ovog govora ćete naučiti tri neočekivane navike originalaca - uključujući i sramotni neuspeh. "Najveći originalci su oni koji imaju najviše neuspeha, jer oni se najviše trude", kaže Grant. "Potrebno vam je mnogo loših ideja da biste dobili nekoliko dobrih".
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me
and asked me to invest in his company.
and asked me to invest in his company.
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Pre sedam godina jedan student
je zamolio da investiram u njegovu firmu.
je zamolio da investiram u njegovu firmu.
00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
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Rekao je: „Radim sa tri prijatelja,
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt
an industry by selling stuff online."
an industry by selling stuff online."
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probaćemo da uzdrmamo jednu industriju
prodajući robu preko interneta.“
prodajući robu preko interneta.“
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent
the whole summer on this, right?"
the whole summer on this, right?"
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Rekao sam: „Okej, proveli ste na ovome
čitavo leto, je l' tako?“
čitavo leto, je l' tako?“
„Ne, imamo i prakse,
za slučaj da ovo ne uspe.“
za slučaj da ovo ne uspe.“
00:26
"No, we all took internships
just in case it doesn't work out."
just in case it doesn't work out."
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00:29
"All right, but you're going to
go in full time once you graduate."
go in full time once you graduate."
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„Dobro, ali kad diplomirate,
posvetićete se u punom radnom vremenu.“
posvetićete se u punom radnom vremenu.“
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all
lined up backup jobs."
lined up backup jobs."
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„Ne baš. Svi imamo poslove
za svaki slučaj.“
za svaki slučaj.“
00:37
Six months go by,
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Prošlo je šest meseci,
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
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došao je dan pred otvaranje firme,
00:40
and there is still
not a functioning website.
not a functioning website.
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a još ne postoji funkcionalan sajt.
00:43
"You guys realize,
the entire company is a website.
the entire company is a website.
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„Momci, vi shvatate da je cela firma sajt.
00:45
That's literally all it is."
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Bukvalno je to sve.“
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
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Očigledno je da sam odbio da investiram.
00:53
And they ended up
naming the company Warby Parker.
naming the company Warby Parker.
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A oni su nazvali firmu „Werby Parker“.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
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Prodaju naočare na internetu.
01:00
They were recently recognized
as the world's most innovative company
as the world's most innovative company
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Nedavno su prepoznati
kao najinovativnija kompanija na svetu,
kao najinovativnija kompanija na svetu,
procenjena na preko milijardu dolara.
01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
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01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
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I sada? Moja žena upravlja
našim investicijama.
našim investicijama.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
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Zašto sam toliko pogrešio?
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people
that I come to call "originals."
that I come to call "originals."
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Da bih to otkrio, proučavam ljude
koje sam nazvao „originalci“.
koje sam nazvao „originalci“.
01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
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Oni nisu konformisti,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
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oni ne samo da imaju nove ideje,
01:21
but take action to champion them.
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nego ih i sprovode u delo.
01:23
They are people
who stand out and speak up.
who stand out and speak up.
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To su ljudi koji ustaju i progovaraju.
01:26
Originals drive creativity
and change in the world.
and change in the world.
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Originalci pokreću kreativnost
i menjaju svet.
i menjaju svet.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
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To su ljudi na koje želite da se kladite.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
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I uopšte ne izgledaju
onako kako sam očekivao.
onako kako sam očekivao.
01:34
I want to show you today
three things I've learned
three things I've learned
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Danas želim da vam pokažem
tri stvari koje sam naučio
tri stvari koje sam naučio
01:37
about recognizing originals
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o prepoznavanju originalaca
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
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i postajanju malo više nalik njima.
01:42
So the first reason
that I passed on Warby Parker
that I passed on Warby Parker
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Dakle, prvi razlog zašto nisam uložio
u „Warby Parker“
u „Warby Parker“
01:45
was they were really slow
getting off the ground.
getting off the ground.
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je taj što su veoma sporo počinjali.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar
with the mind of a procrastinator.
with the mind of a procrastinator.
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Svima vam je veoma blizak um
nekoga ko je kampanjac.
nekoga ko je kampanjac.
01:54
Well, I have a confession for you.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
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Priznaću vam nešto.
Ja sam suprotan. Ja sam prevremenac.
Ja sam suprotan. Ja sam prevremenac.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
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Da, to je reč.
02:01
You know that panic you feel
a few hours before a big deadline
a few hours before a big deadline
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Znate onaj osećaj panike
koji se javlja par sati pred rok
koji se javlja par sati pred rok
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
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kad još uvek niste ništa uradili?
02:06
I just feel that
a few months ahead of time.
a few months ahead of time.
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Ja to osećam nekoliko meseci unapred.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid,
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
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Ovo je počelo rano; kad sam bio klinac
veoma ozbiljno sam shvatao Nintendo igre.
veoma ozbiljno sam shvatao Nintendo igre.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
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Probudio bih se u 5 ujutru,
02:20
start playing and not stop
until I had mastered them.
until I had mastered them.
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počeo da igram i ne bih prestajao
dok ih ne bih savladao.
dok ih ne bih savladao.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand
that a local newspaper came
that a local newspaper came
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Na kraju se toliko otelo kontroli
da su u lokalnim novinama
da su u lokalnim novinama
02:27
and did a story on the dark side
of Nintendo, starring me.
of Nintendo, starring me.
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objavili priču o tamnoj strani Nintendoa,
sa mnom kao glavnim likom.
sa mnom kao glavnim likom.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
(Aplauz)
02:34
(Applause)
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02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
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Od tada sam kosu zamenio za zube.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:49
But this served me well in college,
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Ali to mi je dobro poslužio na fakultetu,
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis
four months before the deadline.
four months before the deadline.
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jer sam diplomski rad završio
četiri meseca pre roka.
četiri meseca pre roka.
02:58
And I was proud of that,
until a few years ago.
until a few years ago.
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I bio sam ponosan na to,
do pre nekoliko godina.
do pre nekoliko godina.
03:01
I had a student named Jihae,
who came to me and said,
who came to me and said,
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Imao sam studentkinju po menu Džihe
koja je došla kod mene i rekla:
koja je došla kod mene i rekla:
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas
when I'm procrastinating."
when I'm procrastinating."
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„Najkreativnije ideje mi se javljaju
kada odlažem.“
kada odlažem.“
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute,
where are the four papers you owe me?"
where are the four papers you owe me?"
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Rekoh joj: „To je super,
gde su četiri rada koja mi duguješ?“
gde su četiri rada koja mi duguješ?“
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:13
No, she was one
of our most creative students,
of our most creative students,
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Ona je bila jedna od naših
najkreativnijih studenata,
najkreativnijih studenata,
03:15
and as an organizational psychologist,
this is the kind of idea that I test.
this is the kind of idea that I test.
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a kao organizacioni psiholog,
to je ideja koju testiram.
to je ideja koju testiram.
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
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Izazvao sam je da prikupi neke podatke.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
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Ona odlazi u gomile kompanija.
03:23
She has people fill out surveys
about how often they procrastinate.
about how often they procrastinate.
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Daje ljudima upitnike na temu
koliko često odugovlače.
koliko često odugovlače.
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate
how creative and innovative they are.
how creative and innovative they are.
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Onda njihovi šefovi ocenjuju
koliko su radnici kreativni i inovativni.
koliko su radnici kreativni i inovativni.
03:31
And sure enough,
the precrastinators like me,
the precrastinators like me,
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I sigurno, prevremenci kao ja,
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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koji žure i sve odrade rano,
03:35
are rated as less creative
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ocenjeni su kao manje kreativni
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
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od onih koji umereno odugovlače.
03:40
So I want to know what happens
to the chronic procrastinators.
to the chronic procrastinators.
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Želim da znam šta se dešava
sa hroničnim kampanjcima.
sa hroničnim kampanjcima.
03:43
She was like, "I don't know.
They didn't fill out my survey."
They didn't fill out my survey."
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Ona je rekla: „Ne znam.
Nisu mi popunili upitnik.“
Nisu mi popunili upitnik.“
(Smeh)
03:46
(Laughter)
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03:49
No, here are our results.
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Evo naših rezultata.
03:51
You actually do see that the people
who wait until the last minute
who wait until the last minute
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Zaista se vidi da su ljudi koji čekaju
do poslednjeg trenutka
do poslednjeg trenutka
03:55
are so busy goofing off
that they don't have any new ideas.
that they don't have any new ideas.
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toliko zauzeti dangubljenjem
da nemaju nikakvih novih ideja.
da nemaju nikakvih novih ideja.
04:00
And on the flip side,
the people who race in
the people who race in
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Ali sa druge strane, ljudi koji žure
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they
don't have original thoughts either.
don't have original thoughts either.
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su u tolikom ludilu i panici,
da ni oni nemaju originalnih misli.
da ni oni nemaju originalnih misli.
04:09
There's a sweet spot
where originals seem to live.
where originals seem to live.
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Postoji zlatna sredina
u kojoj žive originalci.
u kojoj žive originalci.
04:13
Why is this?
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Zašto je to tako?
04:15
Maybe original people
just have bad work habits.
just have bad work habits.
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Možda originalni ljudi
jednostavno imaju loše radne navike.
jednostavno imaju loše radne navike.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating
does not cause creativity.
does not cause creativity.
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Možda odlaganje ne uzrokuje kreativnost.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
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Da bismo to otkrili,
osmislili smo neke eksperimente.
osmislili smo neke eksperimente.
04:25
We asked people
to generate new business ideas,
to generate new business ideas,
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Tražili smo od ljudi
da osmisle nove poslovne ideje,
da osmisle nove poslovne ideje,
04:28
and then we get independent readers
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a onda bi nezavisni čitaoci
04:30
to evaluate how creative
and useful they are.
and useful they are.
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procenjivali koliko su one
kreativne i korisne.
kreativne i korisne.
04:33
And some of them are asked
to do the task right away.
to do the task right away.
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Od nekih smo tražili
da odmah urade zadatak.
da odmah urade zadatak.
04:36
Others we randomly assign
to procrastinate
to procrastinate
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Drugima smo nasumično zadali da odlažu,
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
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tako što smo im dali da igraju „Mine“
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
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pet ili deset minuta.
04:43
And sure enough,
the moderate procrastinators
the moderate procrastinators
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I naravno, oni koji umereno odlažu
04:47
are 16 percent more creative
than the other two groups.
than the other two groups.
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su 16% kreativniji od ostale dve grupe.
04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
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Sad, „Mine“ su super,
ali one ne utiču na ovaj efekat,
ali one ne utiču na ovaj efekat,
04:54
because if you play the game first
before you learn about the task,
before you learn about the task,
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jer ako igrate igru
pre nego što saznate za zadatak,
pre nego što saznate za zadatak,
ne postoji nalet kreativnosti.
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
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04:59
It's only when you're told that you're
going to be working on this problem,
going to be working on this problem,
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Samo kada vam je rečeno
da ćete raditi na ovom problemu
da ćete raditi na ovom problemu
i kad počnete da odlažete,
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
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a zadatak je i dalje aktivan u vašem umu,
05:04
but the task is still active
in the back of your mind,
in the back of your mind,
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onda počinjete da razmišljate.
05:07
that you start to incubate.
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05:09
Procrastination gives you time
to consider divergent ideas,
to consider divergent ideas,
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Odlaganje vam daje vremena
da razmišljate o različitim idejama,
da razmišljate o različitim idejama,
05:12
to think in nonlinear ways,
to make unexpected leaps.
to make unexpected leaps.
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na različite načine i dođete
do neočekivanih rezultata.
do neočekivanih rezultata.
05:16
So just as we were finishing
these experiments,
these experiments,
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I dok smo završavali ove eksperimente,
05:18
I was starting to write
a book about originals,
a book about originals,
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ja sam počinjao da pišem o originalcima
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time
to teach myself to procrastinate,
to teach myself to procrastinate,
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i pomislio: „Ovo je pravo vreme
da naučim da odlažem,
da naučim da odlažem,
05:26
while writing a chapter
on procrastination."
on procrastination."
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dok pišem poglavlje o odlaganju.“
05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
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Tako sam meta-odlagao,
05:32
and like any self-respecting
precrastinator,
precrastinator,
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i kao svaki dostojanstveni prevremenac,
05:35
I woke up early the next morning
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sledećeg jutra sam ustao rano
05:37
and I made a to-do list
with steps on how to procrastinate.
with steps on how to procrastinate.
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i napravio listu sa koracima
kako da odlažem.
kako da odlažem.
05:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
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I onda sam vredno radio
05:47
toward my goal of not making
progress toward my goal.
progress toward my goal.
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ka svom cilju da ne napredujem
ka svom cilju.
ka svom cilju.
05:52
I started writing
the procrastination chapter,
the procrastination chapter,
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Počeo sam da pišem poglavlje o odlaganju
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
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i jednog dana - bio sam na polovini -
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
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bukvalno sam ga u sred rečenice ostavio
05:58
for months.
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na nekoliko meseci.
05:59
It was agony.
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Bila je to agonija.
06:02
But when I came back to it,
I had all sorts of new ideas.
I had all sorts of new ideas.
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Ali kad sam mu se vratio,
imao sam svakakve ideje.
imao sam svakakve ideje.
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
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Kao što je Aron Sorkin rekao:
06:07
"You call it procrastinating.
I call it thinking."
I call it thinking."
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„Zovite to odlaganjem,
ja to nazivam razmišljanjem.“
ja to nazivam razmišljanjem.“
06:12
And along the way I discovered
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I usput sam otkrio
06:13
that a lot of great originals
in history were procrastinators.
in history were procrastinators.
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da su mnogi originalci iz istorije
bili prokrastinatori.
bili prokrastinatori.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
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Na primer, Leonardo da Vinči.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
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On je 16 godina sa prekidima
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
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radio na Mona Lizi.
06:24
He felt like a failure.
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Osećao se kao promašaj.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
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To je napisao u svom dnevniku.
06:30
But some of the diversions
he took in optics
he took in optics
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Ali neki njegovi radovi u optici
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
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promenili su način na koji se bavi svetlom
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
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i učinili ga boljim slikarem.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
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A šta je sa Martinom
Luterom Kingom mlađim?
Luterom Kingom mlađim?
06:40
The night before
the biggest speech of his life,
the biggest speech of his life,
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Noć pre najvećeg govora njegovog života,
„Marša na Vašington“,
06:42
the March on Washington,
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bio je budan do sitnih sati,
prepravljajući ga.
prepravljajući ga.
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
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06:46
He's sitting in the audience
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
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Sedi u publici i čeka svoj red na bini,
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes
and crossing out lines.
and crossing out lines.
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a i dalje škraba beleške i precrtava.
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
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Popne se na binu i, 11 minuta kasnije,
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
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ostavlja svoje pripremljene beleške
06:58
to utter four words
that changed the course of history:
that changed the course of history:
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da bi izgovorio 2 reči
koje su promenile tok istorije:
koje su promenile tok istorije:
07:01
"I have a dream."
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„Imam san“.
07:04
That was not in the script.
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To nije bilo u scenariju.
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing
the speech until the very last minute,
the speech until the very last minute,
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Odlažući zadatak završavanja govora
do poslednjeg minuta,
do poslednjeg minuta,
07:11
he left himself open
to the widest range of possible ideas.
to the widest range of possible ideas.
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ostao je otvoren
za najrazličitije moguće ideje.
za najrazličitije moguće ideje.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
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I pošto tekst nije bio uklesan u kamenu,
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
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imao je slobodu da improvizuje.
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice
when it comes to productivity,
when it comes to productivity,
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Odlaganje je porok
kad se radi o produktivnosti,
kad se radi o produktivnosti,
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
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ali može biti vrlina u kreativnosti.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
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Kod mnogih velikih originalaca vidite
07:29
is that they are quick to start
but they're slow to finish.
but they're slow to finish.
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da oni brzo počinju, ali sporo završavaju.
07:33
And this is what I missed
with Warby Parker.
with Warby Parker.
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A ja to nisam video kod „Warby Parkera“.
07:35
When they were dragging
their heels for six months,
their heels for six months,
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Kada su se vukli šest meseci,
07:38
I looked at them and said,
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ja sam ih pogledao i rekao:
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies
are starting to sell glasses online."
are starting to sell glasses online."
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„Znate, mnoge druge kompanije
počinju da prodaju naočare na netu.“
počinju da prodaju naočare na netu.“
Propustili su prednost da budu prvi.
07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
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07:46
But what I didn't realize was
they were spending all that time
they were spending all that time
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Ali ja nisam shvatao
da oni to vreme provode
da oni to vreme provode
pokušavajući da shvate
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
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kako da ljudima bude prijatno
da naruče naočare preko neta.
da naruče naočare preko neta.
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
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Ispostavlja se da je prednost prvog
uglavnom mit.
uglavnom mit.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover
advantage is mostly a myth.
advantage is mostly a myth.
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Pogledajte klasičnu studiju
od preko 50 kategorija proizvoda
od preko 50 kategorija proizvoda
07:56
Look at a classic study
of over 50 product categories,
of over 50 product categories,
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07:59
comparing the first movers
who created the market
who created the market
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koje porede one
koji su bili prvi i stvorili tržište
koji su bili prvi i stvorili tržište
08:02
with the improvers who introduced
something different and better.
something different and better.
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sa onima koji su unapredili
i uveli nešto novo i bolje.
i uveli nešto novo i bolje.
08:06
What you see is that the first movers
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
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Vidite da pioniri imaju
stopu neuspeha od 47%,
stopu neuspeha od 47%,
08:10
compared with only 8 percent
for the improvers.
for the improvers.
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u poređenju sa samo 8% onih posle njih.
08:15
Look at Facebook,
waiting to build a social network
waiting to build a social network
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Pogledajte Fejsbuk,
koji je počeo da pravi društvenu mrežu
koji je počeo da pravi društvenu mrežu
08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
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posle Majspejsa i Frendstera.
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years
after Altavista and Yahoo.
after Altavista and Yahoo.
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Pogledajte Gugl, koji je godinama čekao
posle Altaviste i Jahua.
posle Altaviste i Jahua.
08:24
It's much easier to improve
on somebody else's idea
on somebody else's idea
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Mnogo je lakše unaprediti nečiju ideju
08:27
than it is to create
something new from scratch.
something new from scratch.
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nego stvoriti nešto od nule.
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that
to be original you don't have to be first.
to be original you don't have to be first.
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Lekcija koju sam naučio
je da biste bili originalni,
je da biste bili originalni,
ne morate biti prvi.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
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Samo morate biti drugačiji i bolji.
Ali to nije bio jedini razlog
što nisam uložio u „Warby Parker“.
što nisam uložio u „Warby Parker“.
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason
I passed on Warby Parker.
I passed on Warby Parker.
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08:41
They were also full of doubts.
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Oni su takođe bili ispunjeni sumnjom.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
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Imali su gomilu planova „za svaki slučaj“
08:45
and that made me doubt
that they had the courage to be original,
that they had the courage to be original,
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i zato sam sumnjao
da imaju hrabrosti da budu originalni,
da imaju hrabrosti da budu originalni,
08:49
because I expected that originals
would look something like this.
would look something like this.
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jer sam očekivao da originalci
treba da izgledaju ovako.
treba da izgledaju ovako.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:58
Now, on the surface,
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Na površini,
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
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1976
mnogi originalni ljudi
izgledaju samouvereno,
izgledaju samouvereno,
09:02
but behind the scenes,
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ali iza scene,
oni osećaju isti strah i nesigurnost
kao i mi ostali.
kao i mi ostali.
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt
that the rest of us do.
that the rest of us do.
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Oni samo drugačije njima upravljaju.
09:06
They just manage it differently.
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09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
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Pokazaću vam;
ovo je prikaz kako kreativan proces
izgleda za većinu nas.
izgleda za većinu nas.
09:10
of how the creative process
works for most of us.
works for most of us.
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09:16
(Laughter)
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2000
(Smeh)
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered
there are two different kinds of doubt.
there are two different kinds of doubt.
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Ja sam u istraživanjima otkrio
da postoji dve vrste sumnji.
da postoji dve vrste sumnji.
Sumnja u sebe i sumnja u ideju.
09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
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Sumnja u sebe je parališuća.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
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09:26
It leads you to freeze.
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Čini da se blokirate.
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
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Ali sumnja u ideju je osvežavajuća.
09:30
It motivates you to test,
to experiment, to refine,
to experiment, to refine,
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Motiviše vas da testirate,
eksperimentišete, dorađujete,
eksperimentišete, dorađujete,
09:33
just like MLK did.
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kao što je Martin Luter King radio.
09:35
And so the key to being original
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Dakle, ključ originalnosti
09:38
is just a simple thing
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je jednostavna stvar
09:40
of avoiding the leap
from step three to step four.
from step three to step four.
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izbegavanja da skočite sa koraka tri
na korak četiri.
na korak četiri.
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
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Umesto da kažete: „Ja sam sranje“,
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts
are always crap,
are always crap,
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2480
kažete: „Prvih nekoliko nacrta
su uvek sranje
su uvek sranje
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
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1400
i još nisam uspeo.“
09:50
So how do you get there?
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1616
A kako stižete do uspeha?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
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Pa, ispostavlja se da se naznaka krije
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
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1960
u internet pretraživaču koji koristite.
09:57
We can predict your job performance
and your commitment
and your commitment
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Možemo da predvidimo vašu posvećenost
i uspeh na poslu
i uspeh na poslu
09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
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2840
ako znamo koji pretraživač koristite.
10:03
Now, some of you are not
going to like the results of this study --
going to like the results of this study --
198
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3176
Nekima od vas se neće dopasti
rezultati ovog istraživanja.
rezultati ovog istraživanja.
10:06
(Laughter)
199
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1336
(Smeh)
10:08
But there is good evidence
that Firefox and Chrome users
that Firefox and Chrome users
200
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Međutim, postoje dobri dokazi
da su oni koji koriste Firefox i Chrome
da su oni koji koriste Firefox i Chrome
10:11
significantly outperform
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
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značajno bolji od onih koji koriste
Internet Explorer i Safari.
Internet Explorer i Safari.
10:15
Yes.
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Da.
10:17
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs
15 percent longer, by the way.
15 percent longer, by the way.
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Usput, oni ostaju
na svom poslu 15% duže.
na svom poslu 15% duže.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
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2176
Zašto? To nije tehnička prednost.
10:25
The four browser groups
on average have similar typing speed
on average have similar typing speed
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Ove četiri grupe u proseku
imaju sličnu brzinu kucanja,
imaju sličnu brzinu kucanja,
10:28
and they also have similar levels
of computer knowledge.
of computer knowledge.
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3136
kao i slične nivoe kompjuterskog znanja.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
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2096
Stvar je u tome kako ste došli
do pretraživača.
do pretraživača.
10:34
Because if you use
Internet Explorer or Safari,
Internet Explorer or Safari,
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Jer, ako koristite
Internet Explorer ili Safari,
Internet Explorer ili Safari,
10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
210
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2536
oni su već instalirani na vašem računaru
10:39
and you accepted the default option
that was handed to you.
that was handed to you.
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2800
i prihvatili ste ih kao gotovu opciju
koja vam je data.
koja vam je data.
10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome,
you had to doubt the default
you had to doubt the default
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Ako želite Firefox ili Chrome,
morate da sumnjate u dato
morate da sumnjate u dato
10:45
and ask, is there
a different option out there,
a different option out there,
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2256
i tražite da li postoji drugačija opcija
10:47
and then be a little resourceful
and download a new browser.
and download a new browser.
214
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2960
i da onda budete snalažljivi
i da skinete novi pretraživač.
i da skinete novi pretraživač.
10:51
So people hear about this study
and they're like,
and they're like,
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Kad ljudi čuju za ovu studiju, kažu:
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job,
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
216
642120
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„Super, ako hoću da budem bolji u poslu,
treba samo da unapredim pretraživač?“
treba samo da unapredim pretraživač?“
10:57
(Laughter)
217
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1016
(Smeh)
Ne, stvar je u tome da ste osoba
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
218
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11:01
who takes the initiative
to doubt the default
to doubt the default
219
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2416
koja preuzima inicijativu i sumnja u dato
11:03
and look for a better option.
220
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2136
i traži bolji upciju.
11:05
And if you do that well,
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I ako to dobro radite,
11:07
you will open yourself up
to the opposite of déjà vu.
to the opposite of déjà vu.
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2800
bićete otvoreni za suprotno od deža vua.
11:10
There's a name for it.
It's called vuja de.
It's called vuja de.
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3136
Postoji naziv za to. Vuža de.
11:13
(Laughter)
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2000
(Smeh)
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something
you've seen many times before
you've seen many times before
225
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3176
To je ono kad gledate nešto
što ste videli mnogo puta
što ste videli mnogo puta
11:20
and all of a sudden
see it with fresh eyes.
see it with fresh eyes.
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i odjednom ga vidite novim očima.
11:23
It's a screenwriter
who looks at a movie script
who looks at a movie script
227
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2616
To je scenarista
koji gleda scenario za film
koji gleda scenario za film
11:26
that can't get the green light
for more than half a century.
for more than half a century.
228
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2976
koji ne prolazi već pola veka.
11:29
In every past version,
the main character has been an evil queen.
the main character has been an evil queen.
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4200
U svakoj prethodnoj verziji,
glavni lik je bila zla kraljica.
glavni lik je bila zla kraljica.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question
whether that makes sense.
whether that makes sense.
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3136
Ali Dženifer Li počinje da preispituje
da li to ima smisla.
da li to ima smisla.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
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1456
Prepravlja prvi čin,
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
232
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2616
prerađuje negativca u izmučenog heroja
11:41
and Frozen becomes
the most successful animated movie ever.
the most successful animated movie ever.
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2960
i „Frozen“ postaje najuspešniji
animirani film u istoriji.
animirani film u istoriji.
11:45
So there's a simple message
from this story.
from this story.
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Iz ove priče dolazi jednostavna pouka.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
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2600
Kada sumnjate, ne odustajte od toga.
11:50
(Laughter)
236
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2280
(Smeh)
11:53
What about fear?
237
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A šta je sa strahom?
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
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1920
I originalci ga osećaju.
11:57
They're afraid of failing,
239
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1856
Plaše se neuspeha,
11:59
but what sets them apart
from the rest of us
from the rest of us
240
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2096
ali ono što ih razlikuje od nas
je da se još više plaše
da ne uspeju da pokušaju.
da ne uspeju da pokušaju.
12:01
is that they're even more
afraid of failing to try.
afraid of failing to try.
241
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2616
12:04
They know you can fail
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
242
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3096
Znaju da možete doživeti neuspeh
započinjanjem posla koji bankrotira,
započinjanjem posla koji bankrotira,
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
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2440
ali i nepočinjanjem posla uopšte.
12:10
They know that in the long run,
our biggest regrets are not our actions
our biggest regrets are not our actions
244
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3536
Znaju da se, na duge staze,
ne kajemo mnogo zbog onog što smo uradili
ne kajemo mnogo zbog onog što smo uradili
12:14
but our inactions.
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nego zbog onog što nismo.
12:15
The things we wish we could redo,
if you look at the science,
if you look at the science,
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2858
Stvari koje želimo da ponovimo,
ako pogledate nauku,
ako pogledate nauku,
12:18
are the chances not taken.
247
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2200
su prilke koje smo propustili.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently,
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
248
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Ilon Mask mi je nedavno rekao
da nije očekivao da Tesla doživi uspeh.
da nije očekivao da Tesla doživi uspeh.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
249
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2736
Bio je siguran da privh
nekoliko lansiranja SpaceX-a
nekoliko lansiranja SpaceX-a
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit,
let alone get back,
let alone get back,
250
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3176
neće otići u orbitu, a kamoli vratiti se,
12:31
but it was too important not to try.
251
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2200
ali bilo je previše važno da ne bi probao.
12:34
And for so many of us,
when we have an important idea,
when we have an important idea,
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2536
I mnogi od nas, kad imamo važnu ideju,
ne potrudimo se da probamo.
12:36
we don't bother to try.
253
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12:38
But I have some good news for you.
254
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2056
Ali imam dobre vesti za vas.
12:41
You are not going to get judged
on your bad ideas.
on your bad ideas.
255
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Neće vam se suditi zbog loših ideja.
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
256
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1616
Mnogi misle da hoće.
12:45
If you look across industries
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Ako pogledate razne industrije
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea,
their most important suggestion,
their most important suggestion,
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3429
i pitate ljude za njihovu najveću ideju,
najvažniji predlog,
najvažniji predlog,
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent
instead of speaking up.
instead of speaking up.
259
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3840
85% njih su ćutali
umesto da su rekli nešto.
umesto da su rekli nešto.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing
themselves, of looking stupid.
themselves, of looking stupid.
260
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3416
Plašili su se da se osramote,
da ne ispadnu glupi.
da ne ispadnu glupi.
12:58
But guess what? Originals
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
261
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Ali pogađajte - originalci
imaju mnogo, mnogo loših ideja,
imaju mnogo, mnogo loših ideja,
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
262
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previše, u stvari.
13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
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2000
Tip koji je izumeo ovo.
13:07
Do you care that he came up
with a talking doll so creepy
with a talking doll so creepy
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2696
Da li je važno da je izmislio
lutku koja govori koja je bila tako jeziva
lutku koja govori koja je bila tako jeziva
13:10
that it scared not only kids
but adults, too?
but adults, too?
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da nije plašila samo decu nego i odrasle?
13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison
for pioneering the light bulb.
for pioneering the light bulb.
266
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4336
Ne. Vi slavite Tomasa Edisona
jer je izmislio sijalicu.
jer je izmislio sijalicu.
13:18
(Laughter)
267
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1640
(Smeh)
13:20
If you look across fields,
268
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2416
Ako pogledate razne discipline,
13:23
the greatest originals
are the ones who fail the most,
are the ones who fail the most,
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najveći originalci su oni
koji imaju najviše neuspeha,
koji imaju najviše neuspeha,
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
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jer se oni najviše trude.
13:28
Take classical composers,
the best of the best.
the best of the best.
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Na primer, kompozitori klasične muzike,
najbolji od najboljih.
najbolji od najboljih.
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages
in encyclopedias than others
in encyclopedias than others
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Zašto neki od njih imaju u enciklopedijama
više stranica od drugih
više stranica od drugih
13:34
and also have their compositions
rerecorded more times?
rerecorded more times?
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i zašto se njihove kompozicije
više snimaju?
više snimaju?
13:38
One of the best predictors
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Jedan od najboljih prediktora
13:39
is the sheer volume
of compositions that they generate.
of compositions that they generate.
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je broj kompozicija koje su napisali.
13:43
The more output you churn out,
the more variety you get
the more variety you get
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Što više stvarate,
imate više raznovrsnosti
imate više raznovrsnosti
13:46
and the better your chances
of stumbling on something truly original.
of stumbling on something truly original.
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i bolje šanse da nabasate
na nešto zaista originalno.
na nešto zaista originalno.
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
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Čak i tri ikone klasične muzike:
Bah, Betoven, Mocart -
Bah, Betoven, Mocart -
13:54
had to generate hundreds
and hundreds of compositions
and hundreds of compositions
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morali su da napišu
stotine i stotine kompozicija
stotine i stotine kompozicija
13:57
to come up with a much smaller
number of masterpieces.
number of masterpieces.
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da bi došli do mnogo manjeg broja
remek dela.
remek dela.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
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Sad, možda se pitate
14:03
how did this guy become great
without doing a whole lot?
without doing a whole lot?
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kako je ovaj tip postao velik,
a da nije uradio mnogo?
a da nije uradio mnogo?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
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Ne znam kako je Vagneru to pošlo za rukom.
14:10
But for most of us,
if we want to be more original,
if we want to be more original,
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Ali većina nas,
ako želi da bude originalna,
ako želi da bude originalna,
14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
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mora da stvara više ideja.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they
were trying to name their company,
were trying to name their company,
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Kada su osnivači firme „Warby Parker“
smišljali ime kompanije,
smišljali ime kompanije,
14:20
they needed something sophisticated,
unique, with no negative associations
unique, with no negative associations
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tražili su nešto sofisticirano,
unikatno, bez negativnih konotacija,
unikatno, bez negativnih konotacija,
da bi izgradili maloprodajni brend
14:23
to build a retail brand,
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14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
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i testirali su preko 2000 mogućnosti
14:27
before they finally put together
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pre nego što su konačno spojili
14:29
Warby and Parker.
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„Warby“ i „Parker“.
14:32
So if you put all this together,
what you see is that originals
what you see is that originals
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Dakle, ako sve ovo sklopite,
vidite da originalci
vidite da originalci
14:35
are not that different
from the rest of us.
from the rest of us.
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i nisu mnogo drugačiji od nas ostalih.
14:37
They feel fear and doubt.
They procrastinate.
They procrastinate.
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Osećaju strah i sumnju. Odlažu.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
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Imaju loše ideje.
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite
of those qualities but because of them
of those qualities but because of them
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I ponekad, ne uprkos tim osobinama,
nego zahvaljujući njima
nego zahvaljujući njima
14:46
that they succeed.
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oni uspeju.
14:48
So when you see those things,
don't make the same mistake I did.
don't make the same mistake I did.
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Pa kada vidite te stvari,
nemojte napraviti istu grešku kao ja.
nemojte napraviti istu grešku kao ja.
Ne otpisujte ih.
14:51
Don't write them off.
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A kada se radi o vama,
nemojte ni sebe otpisivati.
nemojte ni sebe otpisivati.
14:52
And when that's you,
don't count yourself out either.
don't count yourself out either.
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14:55
Know that being quick to start
but slow to finish
but slow to finish
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Znajte da brz početak i spor kraj
14:57
can boost your creativity,
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može da vam pojača kreativnost,
14:59
that you can motivate yourself
by doubting your ideas
by doubting your ideas
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da možete da se motivišete
sumnjom u svoje ideje
sumnjom u svoje ideje
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
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i prihvatanjem straha od nepokušavanja
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas
in order to get a few good ones.
in order to get a few good ones.
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i da vam je potrebno mnogo loših ideja
da biste došli do nekoiko dobrih.
da biste došli do nekoiko dobrih.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
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Vidite, biti originalan nije lako,
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
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ali nemam sumnje u vezi s ovim -
15:13
it's the best way
to improve the world around us.
to improve the world around us.
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to je najbolji način da poboljšamo svet.
15:16
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:17
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologistAfter years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.
Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.
Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com