TED2018
Steve Boyes: How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places
Stiv Bojs (Steve Boyes): Kako štitimo jedno od poslednjih mesta u divljini na planeti
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Uz zaobilaženje teritorijalnih nilskih konja i aktivnih minskih polja, TED Fellow Stiv Bojs i tim naučnika putovali su kroz deltu reke Okavango, najveću preostalu močvarnu oblast divljine Afrike, da bi istražili i zaštitili ovo gotovo netaknuto stanište od sve veće pretnje razvoja. U ovom inspirišućem govoru prošaranom slikama, on deli svoj rad na detaljnim naučnim istraživanjima u nadi da će zaštititi ovu ogromnu, krhku divljinu.
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologist
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Visible from space,
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Vidljiva iz svemira,
00:13
the Okavango Delta
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delta reke Okavango
00:15
is Africa's largest remaining
intact wetland wilderness.
intact wetland wilderness.
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je najveće netaknuto prirodno
močvarno područje u Africi.
močvarno područje u Africi.
00:20
This shining delta in landlocked Botswana
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
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Impresivna delta u kopnom okruženoj
Bocvani je dragulj pustinje Kalahari,
Bocvani je dragulj pustinje Kalahari,
00:26
more valuable than diamonds
to the world's largest diamond producer
to the world's largest diamond producer
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vredniji od dijamanata najvećem
proizvođaču ovog dragog kamena
proizvođaču ovog dragog kamena
00:30
and celebrated in 2014
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i proglašen za hiljadito mesto
Svetske baštine
Svetske baštine
00:32
as our planet's 1000th
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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UNESCO-a 2014. godine.
00:36
Now, what you see here
are the two major tributaries,
are the two major tributaries,
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Ovde vidimo dve velike pritoke,
00:39
the Cuito and the Cubango,
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Kuito i Kubango,
00:41
disappearing up north
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
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koje nestaju na severu u malo poznate
predele angolske visoravni.
predele angolske visoravni.
00:45
This is the largest undeveloped
river basin on the planet,
river basin on the planet,
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Ovo je najveći nerazvijeni rečni
basen na planeti
basen na planeti
00:49
spanning an area larger than California.
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koji obuhvata površinu veću
od Kalifornije.
od Kalifornije.
00:53
These vast, undeveloped Angolan
watersheds were frozen in time
watersheds were frozen in time
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Ovo prostrano rečno područje Angole
je zastalo u vremenu
je zastalo u vremenu
00:57
by 27 years of civil war.
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tokom 27 godina dugog civilnog rata.
00:59
In fact, Africa's largest tank battle
since World War II
since World War II
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Zapravo, najveća afrička tenkovska bitka
od Drugog svetskog rata
od Drugog svetskog rata
01:03
was fought over a bridge
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
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vođena je zbog mosta na reci Kuito.
01:07
There on the right,
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Tamo desno,
01:08
disappearing off into the unknown,
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nestaje u nepoznato,
01:10
into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
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u „Terra do fim do mundo” -
01:12
the land at the end of the earth,
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odnosno, zemlju na rubu sveta,
01:14
as it was known by the first
Portuguese explorers.
Portuguese explorers.
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prema prvim portugalskim istraživačima.
01:18
In 2001, at the age of 22,
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Godine 2001. kada sam imao 22,
01:21
I took a job as head of housekeeping
at Vundumtiki Camp
at Vundumtiki Camp
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zaposlio sam se kao menadžer održavanja
objekata u kampu Vundumtiki
objekata u kampu Vundumtiki
01:25
in the Okavango Delta ...
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u delti reke Okavango...
01:27
a patchwork mosaic of channels,
floodplains, lagoons
floodplains, lagoons
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predeo prošaran kanalima,
plavnim područjima, lagunama
plavnim područjima, lagunama
01:32
and thousands upon thousands
of islands to explore.
of islands to explore.
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i hiljadama ostrva za istražiti.
01:36
Home to the largest remaining
population of elephants on the planet.
population of elephants on the planet.
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Stanište najveće preostale populacije
slonova na planeti.
slonova na planeti.
01:40
Rhinos are airlifted in C130s
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
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Nosorozi su transportovani avionom da bi
pronašli svoje mesto pod suncem ovde.
pronašli svoje mesto pod suncem ovde.
01:46
Lion,
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Lav,
01:47
leopard,
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leopard,
01:48
hyena,
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hijena,
01:49
wild dog,
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divlji pas,
01:50
cheetah,
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gepard,
01:52
ancient baobab trees
that stand like cathedrals
that stand like cathedrals
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drevna stabla baobaba
koja stoje poput katedrala
koja stoje poput katedrala
01:56
under the Milky Way.
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pod nebeskim svodom.
01:57
Here, I discovered something obvious:
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Ovde sam otkrio nešto očigledno:
02:01
wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
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divljina je i naše prirodno stanište.
02:04
We need these last wild places
to reconnect with who we really are.
to reconnect with who we really are.
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Potrebna su nam ova preostala mesta
u divljini da se povežemo sa sobom.
u divljini da se povežemo sa sobom.
02:10
We --
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Mi,
02:11
all seven billion of us --
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svih sedam milijardi ljudi,
02:12
must never forget
we are a biological species
we are a biological species
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ne smemo zaboraviti da smo živa bića
02:16
forever bound to this
particular biological world.
particular biological world.
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koja zauvek pripadaju ovom živom svetu.
02:19
Like the waves connected to the ocean,
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Poput talasa koji su deo okeana,
02:21
we cannot exist apart from it --
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ne možemo da živimo odvojeno -
02:23
a constant flow of atoms and energy
between individuals and species
between individuals and species
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neprekidan tok atoma i energije
između pojedinaca i vrsta
između pojedinaca i vrsta
02:27
around the world in a day
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širom sveta u jednom danu
02:29
and out into the cosmos.
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i dalje ka kosmosu.
02:33
Our fates are forever connected
to the millions of species
to the millions of species
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Naše sudbine su zauvek spojene
sa milionima vrsta
sa milionima vrsta
02:36
we rely on directly
and indirectly every day.
and indirectly every day.
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na koje se direktno i indirektno
oslanjamo svakog dana.
oslanjamo svakog dana.
02:42
Four years ago,
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Pre četiri godine
02:43
it was declared that 50 percent
of all wildlife around the world
of all wildlife around the world
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je objavljeno da je 50% biljnog
i životinjskog sveta
i životinjskog sveta
02:47
had disappeared in just 40 years.
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nestalo za samo 40 godina.
02:51
This is a mass drowning
of 15,000 wildebeests
of 15,000 wildebeests
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To je masovan gubitak 15 hiljada gnuova
02:54
that I witnessed
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
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kom sam prisustvovao u rezervatu
Masai Mara pre dve godine.
Masai Mara pre dve godine.
02:57
This is definitely our fault.
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Ovo je definitivno naša greška.
03:01
By 2020, global wildlife populations
are projected to have fallen
are projected to have fallen
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Procenjuje se da će do 2020. godine
populacija biljaka i životinja opasti
populacija biljaka i životinja opasti
03:05
by a staggering two-thirds.
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za neverovatne dve trećine.
03:07
We are the sixth extinction
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Nalazimo se u sred holocenskog izumiranja
03:10
because we left no safe space
for millions of species
for millions of species
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jer nismo ostavili nimalo bezbednog
prostora za milione vrsta
prostora za milione vrsta
03:13
to sustainably coexist.
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koje bi koegzistirale sa nama.
03:16
Now, since 2010, I have poled myself
eight times across the Okavango Delta
eight times across the Okavango Delta
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Od 2010. godine osam puta sam plovio
preko delte reke Okavango
preko delte reke Okavango
03:22
to conduct detailed scientific surveys
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da bih sproveo detaljna
naučna istraživanja
naučna istraživanja
03:24
along a 200-mile,
18-day research transect.
18-day research transect.
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za koja mi je trebalo 18 dana
duž 320 kilometara toka.
duž 320 kilometara toka.
03:28
Now, why am I doing this?
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Zašto to radim?
03:29
Why am I risking my life each year?
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Zašto rizikujem život svake godine?
03:31
I'm doing this because
we need this information
we need this information
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Radim to jer nam je potrebna
ova informacija
ova informacija
03:33
to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
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da procenimo ovu gotovo netaknutu divljinu
03:35
before upstream development happens.
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pre nego što započne razvoj uzvodno.
03:37
These are the Wayeyi river bushmen,
the people of the Okavango Delta.
the people of the Okavango Delta.
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Ovo su Bušmani reke Vajeji,
narod delte reke Okavango.
narod delte reke Okavango.
03:43
They have taught me all I know
about the Mother Okavango --
about the Mother Okavango --
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Oni su me naučili svemu što znam
o majci Okavango -
o majci Okavango -
03:46
about presence in the wild.
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o postojanju u divljini.
03:47
Our shared pilgrimage across
the Okavango Delta each year
the Okavango Delta each year
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Naše zajedničko putešestvije kroz
deltu reke Okavango svake godine
deltu reke Okavango svake godine
03:51
in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
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u našim mokoroima i drvenim kanuima -
03:53
remembers millenia living in the wild.
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podseća na hiljade godina
života u divljini.
života u divljini.
03:57
Ten thousand years ago,
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Pre deset hiljada godina
03:59
our entire world was wilderness.
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čitava naša planeta bila je divljina.
04:02
Today, wilderness is all that remains
of that world, now gone.
of that world, now gone.
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Danas je ta divljina ono što je ostalo
od tog sveta, kog više nema.
od tog sveta, kog više nema.
04:09
Ten thousand years ago,
we were as we are today:
we were as we are today:
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Pre deset hiljada godina ljudi su bili
poput ljudi danas:
poput ljudi danas:
04:13
a modern, dreaming intelligence
unlike anything seen before.
unlike anything seen before.
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moderno, inteligentno čovečanstvo
koje sanja i ni nalik nečemu oko njega.
koje sanja i ni nalik nečemu oko njega.
04:17
Living in the wilderness
is what taught us to speak,
is what taught us to speak,
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Život u divljini nas je naučio
da govorimo,
da govorimo,
04:19
to seek technologies
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
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da tragamo za tehnologijama
poput vatre i kamena, strele i luka,
poput vatre i kamena, strele i luka,
04:23
medicine and poison,
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leka i otrova,
04:24
to domesticate plants and animals
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da pripitomimo biljke i životinje
04:27
and rely on each other
and all living things around us.
and all living things around us.
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i oslanjamo se jedni na druge
i sva živa bića oko nas.
i sva živa bića oko nas.
04:30
We are these last wildernesses --
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Mi smo taj poslednji izdanak divljine -
04:32
every one of us.
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svako od nas.
04:34
Over 80 percent
of our planet's land surface
of our planet's land surface
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Više od 80% kopnene površine naše planete
04:36
is now experiencing
measurable human impact:
measurable human impact:
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oseća uticaj ljudi:
04:40
habitat destruction
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uništavanje staništa
04:41
and illegal wildlife trade are decimating
global wildlife populations.
global wildlife populations.
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i nezakonita trgovina divljim životinjama
desetkuju populaciju živog sveta.
desetkuju populaciju živog sveta.
04:45
We urgently need to create
safe space for these wild animals.
safe space for these wild animals.
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Neophodno je da stvorimo bezbedan prostor
za ove divlje životinje.
za ove divlje životinje.
04:49
So in late 2014,
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Stoga smo krajem 2014. godine
04:51
we launched an ambitious
project to do just that:
project to do just that:
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pokrenuli ambiciozan projekat
upravo u tom cilju:
upravo u tom cilju:
04:54
explore and protect.
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istraži i zaštiti.
04:56
By mid-May 2015,
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Do polovine maja 2015.
04:58
we had pioneered access
through active minefields
through active minefields
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prokrčili smo put kroz
aktivna minska polja
aktivna minska polja
05:00
to the undocumented source lake
of the Cuito River --
of the Cuito River --
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do ranije nezabeleženog
izvorišta reke Kuito -
izvorišta reke Kuito -
05:03
this otherworldly place;
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ovog nestvarnog mesta;
05:05
an ancient, untouched wilderness.
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prastare, netaknute divljine.
05:08
By the 21st of May,
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Do 21. maja
05:09
we had launched
the Okavango megatransect ...
the Okavango megatransect ...
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lansirali smo megatransekt
reke Okavango...
reke Okavango...
05:13
in seven dugout canoes;
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u sedam drvenih kanua;
05:14
1,500 miles, 121 days later,
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oko 2500 km i 121 dan kasnije,
05:18
all of the poling, paddling
and intensive research
and intensive research
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sva plovidba, veslanje
i intenzivno istraživanje
i intenzivno istraživanje
05:21
got us across the entire river basin
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
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doveli su nas preko čitavog rečnog basena
do jezera Kau u pustinji Kalahari,
do jezera Kau u pustinji Kalahari,
05:25
480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
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480 km pored delte reke Okavango.
05:29
My entire world became the water:
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Čitav moj svet postao je voda:
05:31
every ripple, eddy,
lily pad and current ...
lily pad and current ...
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svaki val, vrtlog, lokvanj i struja...
05:36
any sign of danger,
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bilo koji znak opasnosti,
05:38
every sign of life.
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svaki znak života.
05:40
Now imagine millions of sweat bees
choking the air around you,
choking the air around you,
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Sada zamislite milione znojnih pčela
koje guše vazduh oko vas,
koje guše vazduh oko vas,
05:43
flesh-eating bacteria,
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bakterije koje jedu meso,
05:45
the constant threat
of a landmine going off
of a landmine going off
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konstantnu opasnost od eksplozije
nagaznih mina
nagaznih mina
05:48
or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
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ili nilskog konja koji vam može
prevrnuti kanu.
prevrnuti kanu.
05:50
These are the scenes
moments after a hippo did just that --
moments after a hippo did just that --
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Ovo je upravo scena nastala nekoliko
trenutaka nakon toga,
trenutaka nakon toga,
05:53
thrusting its tusks
through the hull of my boat.
through the hull of my boat.
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kada je nilski konj
zario kljove u trup mog broda.
zario kljove u trup mog broda.
05:56
You can see the two holes --
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Možete videti dve rupe -
05:57
puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
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„ubodne rane” na brodu -
06:00
absolutely terrifying
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krajnje zastrašujuće
06:01
and completely my fault.
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i nastalo apsolutno mojom krivicom.
06:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:05
Many, many portages,
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Mnogo, mnogo plovidbe,
06:07
tree blockages
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
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prepreka na putu i prevrtanja
u stenovitim brzacima.
u stenovitim brzacima.
06:12
You're living on rice and beans,
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Živite na pirinču i pasulju,
06:15
bathing in a bucket of cold water
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kupate se u kofi hladne vode,
06:16
and paddling a marathon
six to eight hours every single day.
six to eight hours every single day.
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i veslate pravi maraton
šest do osam sati svakog dana.
šest do osam sati svakog dana.
06:19
After 121 days of this,
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Nakon 121 ovakvog dana
06:21
I'd forgotten the PIN numbers
to my bank accounts
to my bank accounts
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zaboravio sam sve lozinke
bankovnih računa
bankovnih računa
06:24
and logins for social media --
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i naloga za društvene medije,
06:25
a complete systems reboot.
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potpuni restart.
06:28
You ask me now if I miss it,
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Ako me pitate da li mi to nedostaje,
06:30
and I will tell you I am still there.
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reći ću vam da sam i dalje tamo.
06:33
Now why do we need to save
places we hardly ever go?
places we hardly ever go?
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Zašto moramo spasiti mesta
na koja idemo tako retko?
na koja idemo tako retko?
06:36
Why do we need to save places
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Zašto moramo da spasimo mesta
06:38
where you have to risk
your life to be there?
your life to be there?
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na kojima rizikujemo život?
06:40
Now, I'm not a religious
or particularly spiritual person,
or particularly spiritual person,
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Nisam religiozan
ili preterano spiritualan,
ili preterano spiritualan,
06:44
but in the wild,
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ali ovde u divljini,
06:46
I believe I've experienced
the birthplace of religion.
the birthplace of religion.
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verujem da sam iskusio rođenje religije.
06:50
Standing in front of an elephant
far away from anywhere
far away from anywhere
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Dok sam stajao ispred jednog slona
daleko od svega,
daleko od svega,
06:53
is the closest I will ever get to God.
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osetio sam se najbliže bogu.
06:57
Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
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Mojsije, Buda, Muhamed, Isus,
06:59
the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
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učitelji Hindua, proroci i mistici,
07:01
all went into the wilderness --
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sve je postalo divljina -
07:03
up into the mountains, into the desert,
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gore u planinama, do pustinja,
07:05
to sit quietly and listen
for those secrets
for those secrets
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da sedim u tišini i osluškujem te tajne
07:07
that were to guide
their societies for millennia.
their societies for millennia.
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koje su vodile njihova društva
hiljadu godina unazad.
hiljadu godina unazad.
07:10
I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
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Išao sam Okavangom u svom kanuu.
07:13
You must join me one day.
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Morate da mi se pridružite jednog dana.
07:16
Over 50 percent of the remaining
wilderness is unprotected.
wilderness is unprotected.
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Više od 50% preostale divljine
je nezaštićeno.
je nezaštićeno.
07:19
A huge opportunity --
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Velika prilika -
07:21
a chance for us all.
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šansa za sve nas.
07:25
We need to act with great urgency.
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Moramo nešto hitno
da radimo po tom pitanju.
da radimo po tom pitanju.
07:27
Since the 2015 megatransect,
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Od megatransekta 2015. godine
07:30
we have explored all major rivers
of the Okavango River basin,
of the Okavango River basin,
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istražili smo sve veće reke
basena reke Okavango,
basena reke Okavango,
07:33
covering a life-changing 4,000 miles
of detailed research transects
of detailed research transects
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i obuhvatili oko 6,5 km detaljnog
istraživačkog transekta koji život menja
istraživačkog transekta koji život menja
07:37
on our dugout canoes
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u našim drvenim kanuima
07:38
and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
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i biciklima za planinu.
07:40
We now have 57 top scientists
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Sada 57 najboljih naučnika
07:43
rediscovering what we call
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
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ponovo otkriva ono što nazivamo
vodenim tornjem Okavango-Zambezi -
vodenim tornjem Okavango-Zambezi -
07:47
this vast, post-war wilderness
with undocumented source lakes,
with undocumented source lakes,
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ovu ogromnu, posleratnu divljinu
sa do sada nezabeleženim izvorištima,
sa do sada nezabeleženim izvorištima,
07:53
unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
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nepoznatim vodopadima na mestu
gde je najveća afrička šuma Miombo.
gde je najveća afrička šuma Miombo.
07:59
We've now discovered
24 new species to science
24 new species to science
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Otkrili smo 24 nove vrste živog sveta
08:02
and hundreds of species
not known to be there.
not known to be there.
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i na stotine vrsta koje su do sada
bile nepoznate.
bile nepoznate.
08:05
This year, we start the process,
with the Angolan government,
with the Angolan government,
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Ove godine započinjemo proces
sa angolskom vladom
sa angolskom vladom
08:08
to establish one of the largest systems
of protected areas in the world
of protected areas in the world
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za uspostavljanje jednog od najvećih
sistema zaštićenih oblasti na svetu
sistema zaštićenih oblasti na svetu
08:12
to preserve the
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
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u cilju očuvanja vodenog tornja
Okavango-Zambezi
Okavango-Zambezi
08:14
we have been exploring.
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koji istražujemo.
08:15
Downstream, this represents
water security for millions of people
water security for millions of people
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Nizvodno, ovo predstavlja
izvor vode za milione ljudi
izvor vode za milione ljudi
08:19
and more than half of the elephants
remaining on this planet.
remaining on this planet.
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i više od polovine ukupne populacije
slonova na planeti.
slonova na planeti.
08:23
There is no doubt this is the biggest
conservation opportunity in Africa
conservation opportunity in Africa
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Nema sumnje da je ovo najveća prilika
za očuvanje prirode u Africi
za očuvanje prirode u Africi
08:27
in decades.
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u poslednjih nekoliko decenija.
08:28
Over the next 10 to 15 years,
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U narednih 10 do 15 godina
08:29
we need to make
an unprecedented investment
an unprecedented investment
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moramo da investiramo
08:32
in the preservation
of wilderness around the world.
of wilderness around the world.
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u očuvanje divljine širom sveta.
08:35
To me,
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Za mene je
08:36
preserving wilderness is far more
than simply protecting ecosystems
than simply protecting ecosystems
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očuvanje divljine mnogo više
od pukog očuvanja ekosistema
od pukog očuvanja ekosistema
08:41
that clean the water we drink
and create the air we breathe.
and create the air we breathe.
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koji čiste vodu koju pijemo
i stvaraju vazduh koji dišemo.
i stvaraju vazduh koji dišemo.
08:44
Preserving wilderness protects
our basic human right to be wild --
our basic human right to be wild --
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Očuvanje divljine štiti naše osnovno
ljudsko pravo da budemo divlji -
ljudsko pravo da budemo divlji -
08:48
our basic human rights to explore.
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naše osnovno ljudsko pravo da istražujemo.
08:52
Thank you.
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Hvala.
08:53
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologistSteve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana.
Why you should listen
South African conservation biologist Steve Boyes explores and studies remote wildernesses in Africa, including the endangered Okavango Delta, to protect and restore them. Trained as an ornithologist, he is the Executive Director of the Wild Bird Trust and a Fellow at the National Geographic Society.
Steve Boyes | Speaker | TED.com