TED2018
Steve Boyes: How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places
史帝夫波耶斯: 我們如何拯救地球上最後的荒野地區
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TED 研究會員史帝夫波耶斯與一個科學家團隊，穿過非常有地盤性的犀牛和可能爆炸的地雷，通過了歐卡萬哥三角洲，非洲所剩最大的濕地荒野，去探索和保護這幾乎未受污染的棲息地，不要受到越來越嚴重的開發威脅。在這場鼓舞人心的演說中，他用了許多影像，分享他為了保護這片廣大又脆弱的荒野，所做的科學研究。
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologist
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
從太空就可看見
00:12
Visible from space,
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00:13
the Okavango Delta
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歐卡萬哥三角洲，
00:15
is Africa's largest remaining
intact wetland wilderness.
intact wetland wilderness.
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它是非洲剩下最大
且未受損的濕地荒野。
且未受損的濕地荒野。
00:20
This shining delta in landlocked Botswana
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
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這塊位在內陸波札那的閃耀三角洲，
是喀拉哈里的珠寶，
00:26
more valuable than diamonds
to the world's largest diamond producer
to the world's largest diamond producer
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比世界上最大的鑽石製造商
所做的鑽石還有價值，
所做的鑽石還有價值，
00:30
and celebrated in 2014
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在 2014 年，它有榮幸
被聯合國教科文組織列為
地球上的第一千個世界遺產。
地球上的第一千個世界遺產。
00:32
as our planet's 1000th
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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00:36
Now, what you see here
are the two major tributaries,
are the two major tributaries,
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畫面上的是兩條主要的支流，
00:39
the Cuito and the Cubango,
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奎托河和古班哥河，
00:41
disappearing up north
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
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於北方消失在很少人
知道的安哥拉高地中。
知道的安哥拉高地中。
00:45
This is the largest undeveloped
river basin on the planet,
river basin on the planet,
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這是地球上最大的未開發江河流域，
00:49
spanning an area larger than California.
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橫跨的範圍比加州還大。
00:53
These vast, undeveloped Angolan
watersheds were frozen in time
watersheds were frozen in time
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這些廣大、未開發的安哥拉流域，
被 27 年的內戰凍結。
00:57
by 27 years of civil war.
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00:59
In fact, Africa's largest tank battle
since World War II
since World War II
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事實上，二次大戰之後
非洲最大的坦克戰役地點就在
非洲最大的坦克戰役地點就在
01:03
was fought over a bridge
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
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歐卡萬哥三角洲
一座跨越奎托河的橋上。
一座跨越奎托河的橋上。
01:07
There on the right,
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在右手邊，
01:08
disappearing off into the unknown,
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消失在未知當中，
01:10
into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
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消失在「Terra do fim
do mundo」中——
do mundo」中——
01:12
the land at the end of the earth,
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即：地球末端之地，
01:14
as it was known by the first
Portuguese explorers.
Portuguese explorers.
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這是最初的葡萄牙探險家
給它起的名字。
給它起的名字。
01:18
In 2001, at the age of 22,
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2001 年，22 歲時，
01:21
I took a job as head of housekeeping
at Vundumtiki Camp
at Vundumtiki Camp
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我接下了伏杜姆提奇
營地的總務長一職，
營地的總務長一職，
01:25
in the Okavango Delta ...
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營地位在歐卡萬哥三角洲……
01:27
a patchwork mosaic of channels,
floodplains, lagoons
floodplains, lagoons
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這個地方就像是由水道、
泛濫平原、潟湖拼湊而成，
泛濫平原、潟湖拼湊而成，
01:32
and thousands upon thousands
of islands to explore.
of islands to explore.
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還有數千座島嶼有待探索。
01:36
Home to the largest remaining
population of elephants on the planet.
population of elephants on the planet.
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地球上所剩的大象，
大多居住在這個地方。
大多居住在這個地方。
01:40
Rhinos are airlifted in C130s
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
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犀牛則被用 C130 運輸機
空運來這片荒野尋找保護區。
空運來這片荒野尋找保護區。
01:46
Lion,
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獅子、
01:47
leopard,
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黑豹、
01:48
hyena,
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土狼、
01:49
wild dog,
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野狗、
01:50
cheetah,
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印度豹、
01:52
ancient baobab trees
that stand like cathedrals
that stand like cathedrals
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古老的猴麵包樹，就像大教堂一樣，
01:56
under the Milky Way.
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坐落在銀河之下。
01:57
Here, I discovered something obvious:
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在這裡，我發現了一件很明顯的事：
02:01
wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
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荒野也是我們天然的居住地。
02:04
We need these last wild places
to reconnect with who we really are.
to reconnect with who we really are.
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我們需要這些最後的野外地區，
來重新連結我們的本質。
來重新連結我們的本質。
02:10
We --
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我們——
02:11
all seven billion of us --
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所有七十億人類——
02:12
must never forget
we are a biological species
we are a biological species
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永遠不能忘記我們是一種生物物種，
02:16
forever bound to this
particular biological world.
particular biological world.
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永遠和這個特殊的
生物世界連結在一起。
生物世界連結在一起。
02:19
Like the waves connected to the ocean,
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就像海浪和海洋連結在一起，
02:21
we cannot exist apart from it --
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沒有它，我們不可能存在——
02:23
a constant flow of atoms and energy
between individuals and species
between individuals and species
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一天中，在全世界，
在個人和物種之間，
在個人和物種之間，
源源不絕的原子與能量流，
02:27
around the world in a day
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02:29
and out into the cosmos.
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向外流入宇宙。
02:33
Our fates are forever connected
to the millions of species
to the millions of species
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我們的命運永遠
和數百萬物種連結在一起，
和數百萬物種連結在一起，
02:36
we rely on directly
and indirectly every day.
and indirectly every day.
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我們每天直接和間接地
仰賴著這些物種。
仰賴著這些物種。
02:42
Four years ago,
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四年前，
02:43
it was declared that 50 percent
of all wildlife around the world
of all wildlife around the world
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宣佈的數字是，
在僅僅 40 年間全世界
就有 50% 的野生生物消失。
就有 50% 的野生生物消失。
02:47
had disappeared in just 40 years.
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02:51
This is a mass drowning
of 15,000 wildebeests
of 15,000 wildebeests
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這是 15,000 隻牛羚
集體溺水的景像，
集體溺水的景像，
02:54
that I witnessed
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
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是兩年前我在馬賽馬拉親眼見到的。
02:57
This is definitely our fault.
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這絕對是我們的錯。
03:01
By 2020, global wildlife populations
are projected to have fallen
are projected to have fallen
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到 2020 年，
全球的野生生物數量
全球的野生生物數量
預測會大大下降三分之二。
03:05
by a staggering two-thirds.
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03:07
We are the sixth extinction
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我們是第六次大滅絕，
03:10
because we left no safe space
for millions of species
for millions of species
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因為我們沒有留下任何安全空間
給數百萬物種永續共存。
03:13
to sustainably coexist.
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03:16
Now, since 2010, I have poled myself
eight times across the Okavango Delta
eight times across the Okavango Delta
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從 2010 年起，我已經進入
歐卡萬哥三角洲各地共八次了，
歐卡萬哥三角洲各地共八次了，
03:22
to conduct detailed scientific surveys
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去進行細節的科學調查，
03:24
along a 200-mile,
18-day research transect.
18-day research transect.
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那是一項 18 天
橫越 200 英哩的研究。
橫越 200 英哩的研究。
03:28
Now, why am I doing this?
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我為何要這麼做？
03:29
Why am I risking my life each year?
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我為何每年要冒生命危險？
03:31
I'm doing this because
we need this information
we need this information
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我這麼做是因為
我們需要這些資訊，
我們需要這些資訊，
03:33
to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
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才能夠在上游被開發前，
研究這塊幾乎未受污染的荒野。
03:35
before upstream development happens.
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03:37
These are the Wayeyi river bushmen,
the people of the Okavango Delta.
the people of the Okavango Delta.
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這些是瓦葉伊河流叢林地的居民，
歐卡萬哥三角洲人。
歐卡萬哥三角洲人。
03:43
They have taught me all I know
about the Mother Okavango --
about the Mother Okavango --
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我對於歐卡萬哥母親的所知，
都是他們教的——
都是他們教的——
03:46
about presence in the wild.
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關於在荒野的生存。
03:47
Our shared pilgrimage across
the Okavango Delta each year
the Okavango Delta each year
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每年，我們都會旅行
穿過歐卡萬哥三角洲，
穿過歐卡萬哥三角洲，
03:51
in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
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乘坐莫科洛舟或是獨木舟——
03:53
remembers millenia living in the wild.
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想起住在荒野的那數千年。
03:57
Ten thousand years ago,
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一萬年前，
03:59
our entire world was wilderness.
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整個世界都是荒野。
04:02
Today, wilderness is all that remains
of that world, now gone.
of that world, now gone.
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現今，那個世界不在了，
野外是它僅存下來的部分。
野外是它僅存下來的部分。
04:09
Ten thousand years ago,
we were as we are today:
we were as we are today:
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一萬年前，我們就像現今一樣：
04:13
a modern, dreaming intelligence
unlike anything seen before.
unlike anything seen before.
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前所未見的現代化、
會夢想的智慧生物。
會夢想的智慧生物。
04:17
Living in the wilderness
is what taught us to speak,
is what taught us to speak,
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因為居住在荒野，
我們才學會說話，
我們才學會說話，
04:19
to seek technologies
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
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學會尋求技術，像是
生火、石頭、弓箭、
生火、石頭、弓箭、
04:23
medicine and poison,
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藥品，和毒物，
04:24
to domesticate plants and animals
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馴養動物，種植植物，
04:27
and rely on each other
and all living things around us.
and all living things around us.
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依靠彼此以及我們周圍的所有生物。
04:30
We are these last wildernesses --
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我們是最後的荒野——
04:32
every one of us.
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我們每一個人。
04:34
Over 80 percent
of our planet's land surface
of our planet's land surface
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地球陸地表面有超過 80%
04:36
is now experiencing
measurable human impact:
measurable human impact:
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現在正受到重大的人類影響：
04:40
habitat destruction
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摧毀棲息地
04:41
and illegal wildlife trade are decimating
global wildlife populations.
global wildlife populations.
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及非法野生生物貿易
都讓全球的野生生物數量大減。
都讓全球的野生生物數量大減。
04:45
We urgently need to create
safe space for these wild animals.
safe space for these wild animals.
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我們非常急需要為這些野生動物
創造出安全的空間。
創造出安全的空間。
04:49
So in late 2014,
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所以，2014 年後期，
04:51
we launched an ambitious
project to do just that:
project to do just that:
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我們發動了一項計畫，
為的就是這個目的：
為的就是這個目的：
04:54
explore and protect.
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探索和保護。
04:56
By mid-May 2015,
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到了 2015 年五月中，
04:58
we had pioneered access
through active minefields
through active minefields
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我們以先鋒之姿，
穿過了活躍的雷區，
穿過了活躍的雷區，
05:00
to the undocumented source lake
of the Cuito River --
of the Cuito River --
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進入到文件沒有記載的
奎托河源頭湖泊——
奎托河源頭湖泊——
05:03
this otherworldly place;
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它是個超脫世俗的地方；
05:05
an ancient, untouched wilderness.
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古老，維持原樣的荒野。
05:08
By the 21st of May,
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五月 21 日，
05:09
we had launched
the Okavango megatransect ...
the Okavango megatransect ...
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我們開始了歐卡萬哥大橫越——
05:13
in seven dugout canoes;
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搭乘七艘獨木舟；
05:14
1,500 miles, 121 days later,
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經過 121 天，行經 1,500 英哩路，
05:18
all of the poling, paddling
and intensive research
and intensive research
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所有這些努力、划船、密集研究，
05:21
got us across the entire river basin
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
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讓我們得以穿過整個河流流域，
到達喀拉哈里沙漠的達烏湖，
到達喀拉哈里沙漠的達烏湖，
05:25
480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
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比歐卡萬哥三角洲
還要再多走 480 公里。
還要再多走 480 公里。
05:29
My entire world became the water:
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我的整個世界變成了水世界：
05:31
every ripple, eddy,
lily pad and current ...
lily pad and current ...
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每一個漣漪、渦流、
睡蓮的漂浮葉、水流……
睡蓮的漂浮葉、水流……
05:36
any sign of danger,
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任何危險的徵兆，
05:38
every sign of life.
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所有生命的徵兆。
05:40
Now imagine millions of sweat bees
choking the air around you,
choking the air around you,
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現在，想像一下，數百萬隻蜜蜂
塞滿你周圍的空氣，
塞滿你周圍的空氣，
05:43
flesh-eating bacteria,
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吃肉的細菌，
05:45
the constant threat
of a landmine going off
of a landmine going off
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隨時有地雷可能爆炸的威脅，
05:48
or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
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或是看不見的犀牛
會推翻你的莫科洛舟。
會推翻你的莫科洛舟。
05:50
These are the scenes
moments after a hippo did just that --
moments after a hippo did just that --
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這些景象就是犀牛
這麼做了之後的情況——
這麼做了之後的情況——
05:53
thrusting its tusks
through the hull of my boat.
through the hull of my boat.
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犀牛角刺穿了我的船身。
05:56
You can see the two holes --
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你們可以看見兩個洞——
05:57
puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
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船身底部被打了兩個洞——
06:00
absolutely terrifying
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非常嚇人，
06:01
and completely my fault.
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且完全是我的錯。
06:03
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:05
Many, many portages,
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許多許多的搬運，
06:07
tree blockages
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
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數次被樹木阻擋，
在多岩石的急流中數次翻覆。
在多岩石的急流中數次翻覆。
06:12
You're living on rice and beans,
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平常維生的食物只有米和豆類，
06:15
bathing in a bucket of cold water
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洗澡要用一筒冷水來洗，
06:16
and paddling a marathon
six to eight hours every single day.
six to eight hours every single day.
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每天都是划船馬拉松，
要划上六到八小時。
要划上六到八小時。
06:19
After 121 days of this,
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這樣過了 121 天之後，
06:21
I'd forgotten the PIN numbers
to my bank accounts
to my bank accounts
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我已經忘了我的銀行帳戶密碼
及登入社交媒體的密碼了——
06:24
and logins for social media --
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06:25
a complete systems reboot.
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完完全全重新開機。
06:28
You ask me now if I miss it,
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現在問我是否會懷念它，
06:30
and I will tell you I am still there.
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我會告訴你，我仍然在那裡。
06:33
Now why do we need to save
places we hardly ever go?
places we hardly ever go?
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為什麼我們要去拯救
我們幾乎不可能去的地方？
我們幾乎不可能去的地方？
要去那些地方還要冒生命危險，
06:36
Why do we need to save places
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06:38
where you have to risk
your life to be there?
your life to be there?
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為什麼還要去拯救它們？
06:40
Now, I'm not a religious
or particularly spiritual person,
or particularly spiritual person,
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我沒有宗教信仰，
也不是特別有靈性的人，
也不是特別有靈性的人，
06:44
but in the wild,
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但在荒野，
06:46
I believe I've experienced
the birthplace of religion.
the birthplace of religion.
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我相信我體驗到了宗教的發源地。
06:50
Standing in front of an elephant
far away from anywhere
far away from anywhere
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非常近距離站在大象前面，
06:53
is the closest I will ever get to God.
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這是我和上帝最近的距離。
06:57
Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
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摩西、佛陀、穆罕默德、耶穌、
06:59
the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
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印度導師、先知，和神秘主義者，
07:01
all went into the wilderness --
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都進入到了荒野——
07:03
up into the mountains, into the desert,
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上到了山中，進到了沙漠中，
07:05
to sit quietly and listen
for those secrets
for those secrets
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靜靜地坐著，傾聽那些數千年來
07:07
that were to guide
their societies for millennia.
their societies for millennia.
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引導著他們社會的秘密。
07:10
I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
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我乘著我的莫科洛舟
進入歐卡萬哥。
進入歐卡萬哥。
07:13
You must join me one day.
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你一定要找個時間加入我。
07:16
Over 50 percent of the remaining
wilderness is unprotected.
wilderness is unprotected.
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剩下的荒野，有超過 50%
都未受到保護。
都未受到保護。
07:19
A huge opportunity --
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一個很大的機會——
07:21
a chance for us all.
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給我們所有人的機會。
07:25
We need to act with great urgency.
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我們需要立即行動。
07:27
Since the 2015 megatransect,
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從 2015 年的大橫越起，
07:30
we have explored all major rivers
of the Okavango River basin,
of the Okavango River basin,
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我們就探索了歐卡萬哥
河流流域的所有主要河流，
河流流域的所有主要河流，
07:33
covering a life-changing 4,000 miles
of detailed research transects
of detailed research transects
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為了詳盡研究所橫越的
4,000 英哩路改變了我的人生，
，
4,000 英哩路改變了我的人生，
，
07:37
on our dugout canoes
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我們靠的是獨頁舟，
07:38
and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
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以及寬胎的越野摩托車。
07:40
We now have 57 top scientists
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現在我們有 57 名頂尖科學家，
07:43
rediscovering what we call
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
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在重新發現我們所謂的
歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔——
歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔——
07:47
this vast, post-war wilderness
with undocumented source lakes,
with undocumented source lakes,
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它是片廣大、戰後的荒野，
剩下的米揚博林地中最大的部分，
剩下的米揚博林地中最大的部分，
07:53
unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
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非洲剩下的米揚博林地中，
沒有名稱的瀑布。
沒有名稱的瀑布。
07:59
We've now discovered
24 new species to science
24 new species to science
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我們現在發現了 24 種新物種，
及以前不知道會出現
在那裡的數百種物種，
在那裡的數百種物種，
08:02
and hundreds of species
not known to be there.
not known to be there.
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08:05
This year, we start the process,
with the Angolan government,
with the Angolan government,
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今年，我們開始了一個流程，
和安哥拉政府合作，
和安哥拉政府合作，
08:08
to establish one of the largest systems
of protected areas in the world
of protected areas in the world
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為世界保護區域
建立最大的系統之一，
建立最大的系統之一，
08:12
to preserve the
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
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來保存我們一直在探索的
歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔。
歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔。
08:14
we have been exploring.
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08:15
Downstream, this represents
water security for millions of people
water security for millions of people
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這就表示，在下游數百萬人的
水資源安全能受保障，
水資源安全能受保障，
08:19
and more than half of the elephants
remaining on this planet.
remaining on this planet.
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還能保護一半以上
地球上所剩的大象。
地球上所剩的大象。
08:23
There is no doubt this is the biggest
conservation opportunity in Africa
conservation opportunity in Africa
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無疑地，這是數十年來
非洲最大的保育機會。
08:27
in decades.
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08:28
Over the next 10 to 15 years,
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在接下來的十到十五年，
08:29
we need to make
an unprecedented investment
an unprecedented investment
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我們得要做一項前所未有的投資，
08:32
in the preservation
of wilderness around the world.
of wilderness around the world.
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投資全世界的荒野保育。
08:35
To me,
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對我來說，
保育荒野絕對不只是
單單保育生態系統，
單單保育生態系統，
08:36
preserving wilderness is far more
than simply protecting ecosystems
than simply protecting ecosystems
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08:41
that clean the water we drink
and create the air we breathe.
and create the air we breathe.
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清理我們的飲用水，
創造我們呼吸的空氣。
創造我們呼吸的空氣。
08:44
Preserving wilderness protects
our basic human right to be wild --
our basic human right to be wild --
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保育荒野是在保護我們的
基本野生人權——
基本野生人權——
08:48
our basic human rights to explore.
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去探索的基本人權。
08:52
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:53
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologistSteve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana.
Why you should listen
South African conservation biologist Steve Boyes explores and studies remote wildernesses in Africa, including the endangered Okavango Delta, to protect and restore them. Trained as an ornithologist, he is the Executive Director of the Wild Bird Trust and a Fellow at the National Geographic Society.
Steve Boyes | Speaker | TED.com