TED2019
Bruce Friedrich: The next global agricultural revolution
Bruce Friedrich: Mapinduzi ya kilimo mapya ya dunia
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Njia ya uzalishaji nyama ya kawaida inaathiri mazingira yetu na ni athari kwa afya ya ulimwengu, lakini watu hawaendi kupunguza ulaji nyama hadi tuwape chaguo mbadala yanye bei sawia (au ya chini) na ladha sawia (au bora). Kwa hotuba ya kufungua macho, mvumbuzi wa vyakula na mwana TED Bruce Friedrich anaonyesha bidhaa za mimea na chembe ambazo zinaweza kubadilisha sekta ya nyama duniani -- na sahani yako ya chajio.
Bruce Friedrich - Food innovator
TED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less. Full bio
TED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
In 2019, humanity received a warning:
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Mwaka 2019, ubinadamu ulipata tahadhari:
00:17
30 of the world's leading scientists
released the results
released the results
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30 ya wanasayansi mashuhuri duniani
walipeana majibu
walipeana majibu
00:20
of a massive three-year study
into global agriculture
into global agriculture
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ya utafiti wa miaka mitatu ya
kilimo cha kimataifa
kilimo cha kimataifa
00:23
and declared that meat production
is destroying our planet
is destroying our planet
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na kutangaza kuwa uzalishaji wa nyama
unaathiri sayari yetu
unaathiri sayari yetu
00:27
and jeopardizing global health.
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na kuhatarisha afya ya dunia.
00:29
One of the study's authors explained
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Mwandishi mmoja wa utafiti alinena
00:31
that "humanity now poses a threat
to the stability of the planet ...
to the stability of the planet ...
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ya kuwa "ubinadamu ni hatarisho
kwa utulivu wa sayari ...
kwa utulivu wa sayari ...
00:35
[This requires] nothing less than
a new global agricultural revolution."
a new global agricultural revolution."
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[Hii inahitaji] sio chini ya
uvumbuzi mpya wa kilimo wa kimataifa."
uvumbuzi mpya wa kilimo wa kimataifa."
00:40
As somebody who's spent
the last two decades
the last two decades
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Kama mtu ambaye ametumia miongo miwili
00:43
advocating a shift away
from industrial meat production,
from industrial meat production,
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kutetea kuhama uzalishaji wa nyama
kwa viwanda,
kwa viwanda,
00:46
I wanted to believe that this clarion call
was going to make a difference.
was going to make a difference.
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nilitaka kuamini kuwa wito huu
ulikuwa unaenda kuleta mabadiliko.
ulikuwa unaenda kuleta mabadiliko.
00:50
The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing
again and again and again for decades.
again and again and again for decades.
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Jambo ni kuwa nimeona hili
mara kwa mara kwa miongo.
mara kwa mara kwa miongo.
00:55
Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature,"
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Hii hapa 2018 kutoka kwa jarida "Nature,"
00:59
2017 from "Bioscience Journal,"
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2017 kutoka "Bioscience Journal,"
01:02
2016 from the National
Academy of Sciences.
Academy of Sciences.
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2016 kutoka Chuo cha Taifa cha Sayansi.
01:06
The main point of these studies
tends to be climate change.
tends to be climate change.
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Lengo kuu la utafiti hizi
huwa ni mabadiliko ya hewa.
huwa ni mabadiliko ya hewa.
01:10
But antibiotic resistance
represents just as big of a threat.
represents just as big of a threat.
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Lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu
ni tishio kubwa.
ni tishio kubwa.
01:14
We are feeding massive doses
of antibiotics to farm animals.
of antibiotics to farm animals.
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Tunawapa mifugo vipimo
kubwa vya viuavijasumu.
kubwa vya viuavijasumu.
01:18
These antibiotics are then
mutating into superbugs
mutating into superbugs
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Viuavijasumu kisha hubadilika
na kuwa wadudu wenye nguvu
na kuwa wadudu wenye nguvu
01:22
that threaten to render
antibiotics obsolete
antibiotics obsolete
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wanaotishia kufanya kiuavijasumu
kuwa bila kazi
kuwa bila kazi
01:25
within all of our lifetimes.
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katika maisha yetu.
01:27
You want a scare?
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Unataka kitisho?
01:29
Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
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Tafuta: "mwisho wa kazi wa kiuavijasumu."
01:32
I'm going to get one thing out of the way:
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Naenda kuweka bayana jambo moja:
01:34
I am not here to tell anybody what to eat.
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Siko hapa kueleza mtu anachopaswa kula.
01:37
Individual action is great,
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Hatua ya kibinafsi ni sawa,
01:39
but antibiotic resistance
and climate change --
and climate change --
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lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu
na mabadiliko ya hewa --
na mabadiliko ya hewa --
01:42
they require more.
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yanahitaji zaidi.
01:44
Besides, convincing the world
to eat less meat hasn't worked.
to eat less meat hasn't worked.
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Kando na hayo, kusadikisha ulimwengu
kupunguza kula nyama haijafaulu.
kupunguza kula nyama haijafaulu.
01:48
For 50 years, environmentalists,
global health experts and animal activists
global health experts and animal activists
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Kwa miaka 50, wanaharakati wa mazingira,
wataalamu wa afya wa duniani
wataalamu wa afya wa duniani
01:53
have been begging the public
to eat less meat.
to eat less meat.
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na wanaharakati wa wanyama, wamesihi umma
kula nyama kiasi.
kula nyama kiasi.
01:57
And yet, per capita meat consumption
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Na bado, wastani wa ulaji nyama
01:59
is as high as it's been
in recorded history.
in recorded history.
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umekuwa juu kihistoria.
02:03
The average North American last year
ate more than 200 pounds of meat.
ate more than 200 pounds of meat.
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Mkazi wastani wa Amerika Kaskazini
alikula pauni 200 ya nyama mwaka jana.
alikula pauni 200 ya nyama mwaka jana.
02:07
And I didn't eat any.
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Na sikula ata.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
02:10
Which means somebody out there
ate 400 pounds of meat.
ate 400 pounds of meat.
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Inamaanisha kuna mtu huko nje
alikula pauni 400 ya nyama.
alikula pauni 400 ya nyama.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
02:15
On our current trajectory,
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Kwa njia tunayoelekea,
02:17
we're going to need to be producing
70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.
70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.
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tunaenda kuhitaji kuzalisha asilimia
70 hadi 100 zaidi ya nyama ifikapo 2050.
70 hadi 100 zaidi ya nyama ifikapo 2050.
02:22
This requires a global solution.
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Hili linahitaji suluhisho la duniani pote.
02:25
What we need to do is we need to produce
the meat that people love,
the meat that people love,
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Tunachohitaji ni kuzalisha nyama
ambayo watu watapenda,
ambayo watu watapenda,
02:29
but we need to produce it
in a whole new way.
in a whole new way.
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lakini tuizalishe kwa njia mpya.
02:32
I've got a couple of ideas.
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Nina mawazo kadhaa.
02:34
Idea number one:
let's grow meat from plants.
let's grow meat from plants.
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Wazo la kwanza:
tukuze nyama kutoka kwa mimea.
tukuze nyama kutoka kwa mimea.
02:37
Instead of growing plants,
feeding them to animals,
feeding them to animals,
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Badala ya kukuza mimea,
kuyalisha kwa wanyama,
kuyalisha kwa wanyama,
02:40
and all of that inefficiency,
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na hayo yote yasiyofaa,
02:41
let's grow those plants,
let's biomimic meat with them,
let's biomimic meat with them,
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tukuze mimea hiyo,
tuikuze na nyama,
tuikuze na nyama,
02:44
let's make plant-based meat.
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tuifanye iwe na nyama.
02:46
Idea number two: for actual animal meat,
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Wazo la pili: kwa nyama halisi ya wanyama,
02:49
let's grow it directly from cells.
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tuikuze kwa chembe moja kwa moja.
02:52
Instead of growing live animals,
let's grow the cells directly.
let's grow the cells directly.
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Badala ya kukuza wanyama waliohai,
tukuze chembe moja kwa moja,
tukuze chembe moja kwa moja,
02:55
It takes six weeks to grow
a chicken to slaughter weight.
a chicken to slaughter weight.
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Inachukua wiki sita kulea kuku
afike kimo cha kuchinjwa.
afike kimo cha kuchinjwa.
02:58
Grow the cells directly,
you can get that same growth
you can get that same growth
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Kuza chembe moja kwa moja,
na utapata matokea sawia
na utapata matokea sawia
03:01
in six days.
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kwa siku sita.
03:03
This is what that looks like at scale.
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Hivi ndivyo itakuwa katika skeli.
03:07
It's your friendly
neighborhood meat brewery.
neighborhood meat brewery.
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Ni ujirani wa kirafiki wa kiwanda
cha nyama.
cha nyama.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
03:12
I want to make two points about this.
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Nitataja mambo mawili kuhusu hili.
03:14
The first one is, we believe we can do it.
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Jambo la kwanza, tunasadiki tunaweza.
03:16
In recent years, some companies
have been producing meat from plants
have been producing meat from plants
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Miaka iliyopita, makampuni mengine
yamekuwa yakikuza nyama kutoka kwa mimea
yamekuwa yakikuza nyama kutoka kwa mimea
03:20
that consumers cannot distinguish
from actual animal meat,
from actual animal meat,
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na walaji hawawezi tofautisha
na nyama halisi,
na nyama halisi,
03:24
and there are now dozens of companies
growing actual animal meat
growing actual animal meat
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na sasa kuna makampuni mbalimbali
yanayokuza nyama halisi ya wanyama
yanayokuza nyama halisi ya wanyama
03:28
directly from cells.
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moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe.
03:30
This plant-based and cell-based meat
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Nyama hii ya mimea na ya chembe
03:32
gives consumers everything
that they love about meat --
that they love about meat --
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inawapa walaji vyote
wanavyopenda kuhusu nyama --
wanavyopenda kuhusu nyama --
03:35
the taste, the texture and so on --
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ladha, umbile na kadhalika --
03:37
but with no need for antibiotics
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lakini bila hitaji ya viuavijasumu
03:39
and with a fraction of the adverse
impact on the climate.
impact on the climate.
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na sehemu ya madhara kwa hali ya hewa.
03:43
And because these two technologies
are so much more efficient,
are so much more efficient,
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Na kwa sababu teknolojia
hizi mbili ni bora zaidi,
hizi mbili ni bora zaidi,
03:46
at production scale
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kwa ukuzaji
03:47
these products will be cheaper.
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bidhaa hizi zitakuwa za bei ya chini.
03:50
But one quick point about that --
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Jambo moja kuhusu hilo --
03:52
it's not going to be easy.
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haitakuwa rahisi.
03:54
These plant-based companies have spent
small fortunes on their burgers,
small fortunes on their burgers,
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Makampuni haya yanayotumia mimea
yametumia misandali kidogo kwa baga zao,
yametumia misandali kidogo kwa baga zao,
03:58
and cell-based meat has not yet
been commercialized at all.
been commercialized at all.
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na chembe ya nyama bado
haijazinduliwa kibiashara.
haijazinduliwa kibiashara.
04:02
So we're going to need all hands on deck
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Kwa hivyo tutahitaji ushirikiano wa wote
04:04
to make these the global meat industry.
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ili kufanya hili liwe kiwanda
cha nyama duniani.
cha nyama duniani.
04:07
For starters, we need
the present meat industry.
the present meat industry.
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Mwanzo, tunahiaji sekta ya nyama
ya sasa.
ya sasa.
04:11
We don't want to disrupt
the meat industry,
the meat industry,
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Hatutaki kuvuruga sekta ya nyama,
04:13
we want to transform it.
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tunataka kuibadilisha.
04:15
We need their economies of scale,
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Tunahitaji dhana yake ya uchumi,
04:17
their global supply chain,
their marketing expertise
their marketing expertise
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msururu wake wa ugavi,
utaalam wake wa uuzaji
utaalam wake wa uuzaji
04:20
and their massive consumer base.
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na wateja wake.
04:22
We also need governments.
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Tunahitaji pia serikali.
04:24
Governments spend tens of billions
of dollars every single year
of dollars every single year
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Serikali hutumia mabilioni ya madola
kila mwaka
kila mwaka
04:28
on research and development
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kwa utafiti na maendeleo
04:30
focused on global health
and the environment.
and the environment.
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unaozingatia afya duniani
na mazingira.
na mazingira.
04:33
They should be putting some of that money
into optimizing and perfecting
into optimizing and perfecting
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Yanafaa kuwekeza sehemu ya fedha hizo
katika sadifisha na kuboresha
katika sadifisha na kuboresha
04:36
the production of plant-based
and cell-based meat.
and cell-based meat.
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uzalishaji wa mimea na
nyama iliyokuzwa na chembe ya mimea.
nyama iliyokuzwa na chembe ya mimea.
04:41
Look, tens of thousands of people
died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs
died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs
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Tazama, kumi ya maelfu ya watu walikufa
kutoka kwa usugu wa viuavijasumu
kutoka kwa usugu wa viuavijasumu
04:46
in North America just last year.
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Amerika Kaskazini mwaka jana.
04:50
By 2050, that number is going to be
10 million per year globally.
10 million per year globally.
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Ifikapo 2050, tarakimu hiyo itakuwa
milioni 10 kwa mwaka duniani.
milioni 10 kwa mwaka duniani.
04:56
And climate change represents
an existential threat
an existential threat
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Mabadiliko ya hewa pia
ni athari iliyopo
ni athari iliyopo
05:00
to huge portions of our global family,
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kwa sehemu kubwa ya familia yetu duniani,
05:03
including some of the poorest people
on the face of the planet.
on the face of the planet.
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wakiwemo watu maskini zaidi
hapa duniani.
hapa duniani.
05:07
Climate change, antibiotic resistance --
these are global emergencies.
these are global emergencies.
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Mabadiliko ya hewa, kinga ya
viuavijasumu-- hizi ni dharura duniani.
viuavijasumu-- hizi ni dharura duniani.
05:12
Meat production is exacerbating
these emergencies on a global scale.
these emergencies on a global scale.
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Uzalishaji wa nyama unazidi
dharura hizi kwa kipimo duniani.
dharura hizi kwa kipimo duniani.
05:17
But we are not going
to decrease meat consumption
to decrease meat consumption
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Lakini hatuendi kupunduza
ulaji nyama
ulaji nyama
05:20
unless we give consumers alternatives
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hadi tuwape walaji bidhaa mbadala
05:22
that cost the same or less
and that taste the same or better.
and that taste the same or better.
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zitakazo gharimu sawa au chini
na ladha iwe sawia au bora.
na ladha iwe sawia au bora.
05:27
We have the solution.
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Tuko na jawabu.
05:29
Let's make meat from plants.
Let's grow it directly from cells.
Let's grow it directly from cells.
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Tutengeneze nyama kutoka kwa mimea.
Tuikuze moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe.
Tuikuze moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe.
05:33
It's past time that we mobilize
the resources that are necessary
the resources that are necessary
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Tayari tumechelewa kutumia
raslimali tulizonazo
raslimali tulizonazo
05:37
to create the next global
agricultural revolution.
agricultural revolution.
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kutengeneza mapinduzi ya kilimo mapya.
05:42
Thank you.
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Asanteni.
05:43
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruce Friedrich - Food innovatorTED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less.
Why you should listen
Bruce Friedrich is cofounder and executive director of The Good Food Institute (GFI), an international nonprofit that is fostering a sustainable, healthy and just agricultural system through food innovation. With branches in the United States, India, Israel, Brazil, Europe and Asia Pacific, GFI is accelerating the production of plant-based and cell-based meat, eggs and dairy in order to bolster the global protein supply while protecting our environment, promoting global health and preventing food insecurity and animal cruelty. Friedrich has penned op-eds for the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, the Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Wired and many other publications. He has appeared on The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, CBS Evening News and a variety of programs on MSNBC, Fox News, and CNN. Friedrich has coauthored two books, contributed chapters to seven more, and has written seven law review articles. Watch his TEDxSonoma talk here.
Friedrich graduated magna cum laude, Order of the Coif, from the Georgetown University Law Center and holds degrees from Johns Hopkins University and the London School of Economics.
Bruce Friedrich | Speaker | TED.com