TED2016
Arthur Brooks: A conservative's plea: Let's work together
亞瑟‧布魯克斯: 一個保守派的呼籲：讓我們攜手合作吧
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,282,147 views
保守派和自由派都相信，自己的出發點是愛，而對手則充滿仇恨。我們要怎麼在兩極對立的情況下，解決問題呢？在這場演說中，社會科學家亞瑟‧布魯克斯分享了如何打破這種僵局的想法。「我們應該把這種惡意的意識形態聖戰，變成產生不同想法的良性競爭。」
Arthur Brooks - Social scientist, author
As president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity. Full bio
As president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I come from one of the most liberal,
0
800
3496
我來自全美最自由、
最包容、最前衛的地方之一：
最包容、最前衛的地方之一：
00:16
tolerant, progressive places
in the United States,
in the United States,
1
4320
3216
00:19
Seattle, Washington.
2
7560
1200
華盛頓州的西雅圖。
00:21
And I grew up with a family
of great Seattlites.
of great Seattlites.
3
9480
3896
我在大西雅圖地區的一個家庭長大。
00:25
My mother was an artist,
my father was a college professor,
my father was a college professor,
4
13400
3816
我的母親是個藝術家，父親是大學教授，
00:29
and I am truly grateful for my upbringing,
5
17240
2536
我很感激所得到的教養，
00:31
because I always felt completely
comfortable designing my life
comfortable designing my life
6
19800
4496
因為我一直能完全照我的心意
00:36
exactly as I saw fit.
7
24320
1960
設計、安排我的生活。
00:39
And in point of fact,
8
27000
1336
事實上，
00:40
I took a route that was not exactly
what my parents had in mind.
what my parents had in mind.
9
28360
3096
我走了一條並非父母期望的路。
00:43
When I was 19, I dropped out of college --
10
31480
2920
我 19 歲的時候休學 ——
00:47
dropped out, kicked out, splitting hairs.
11
35120
2056
休學、退學，類似啦。
00:49
(Laughter)
12
37200
2360
(笑聲)
00:52
And I went on the road
as a professional French horn player,
as a professional French horn player,
13
40680
4256
我後來成為職業法國號演奏家，
00:56
which was my lifelong dream.
14
44960
1696
這是我畢生的夢想。
00:58
I played chamber music
all over the United States and Europe,
all over the United States and Europe,
15
46680
2896
我在歐美各地巡迴兩、三年，
01:01
and I toured for a couple of years
16
49600
1776
演奏室內樂，
01:03
with a great jazz guitar player
named Charlie Bird.
named Charlie Bird.
17
51400
2976
和知名爵士吉他手查理·博德同團。
01:06
And by the end of my 20s,
18
54400
1576
在我快 30 歲的時候，
01:08
I wound up as a member of the Barcelona
Symphony Orchestra in Spain.
Symphony Orchestra in Spain.
19
56000
4176
加入西班牙的巴塞隆納交響樂團。
01:12
What a great life.
20
60200
1216
此生無憾了。
01:13
And you know, my parents never complained.
21
61440
3576
我父母從未抱怨過。
01:17
They supported me all the way through it.
22
65040
1976
他們一路支持我，
01:19
It wasn't their dream.
23
67040
1896
儘管這不是他們的夢想。
01:20
They used to tell
their neighbors and friends,
their neighbors and friends,
24
68960
2143
他們曾跟鄰居和朋友說，
01:23
"Our son, he's taking a gap decade."
25
71127
3049
「我們的兒子在放長假。」
01:26
(Laughter)
26
74200
1840
（笑聲）
01:28
And --
27
76880
1896
然後...
01:30
There was, however, one awkward
conversation about my lifestyle
conversation about my lifestyle
28
78800
4896
我要告訴你一個
有關我生活形式的尷尬對話。
有關我生活形式的尷尬對話。
01:35
that I want to tell you about.
29
83720
1456
27歲時我從巴塞隆納回來，
01:37
I was 27, and I was home from Barcelona,
30
85200
2776
01:40
and I was visiting
my parents for Christmas,
my parents for Christmas,
31
88000
2696
在聖誕節時跟父母團聚，
01:42
and I was cooking dinner with my mother,
and we were alone in the kitchen.
and we were alone in the kitchen.
32
90720
3680
當時只有母親和我在廚房煮晚餐。
01:47
And she was quiet, too quiet.
33
95240
2816
她很安靜，一句話都沒說。
01:50
Something was wrong.
34
98080
1456
我知道一定有什麼事。
01:51
And so I said, "Mom, what's on your mind?"
35
99560
2520
我問：「媽，妳在想什麼？」
01:54
And she said, "Your dad and I
are really worried about you."
are really worried about you."
36
102760
4256
她回答：「你爸和我很擔心你。」
01:59
And I said, "What?"
I mean, what could it be, at this point?
I mean, what could it be, at this point?
37
107040
2896
我說：「什麼啊？」
意思是，在這個時候有什麼好擔心的？
意思是，在這個時候有什麼好擔心的？
02:01
And she said, "I want you to be
completely honest with me:
completely honest with me:
38
109960
2800
她說：「你老實告訴我，
02:05
have you been voting for Republicans?"
39
113680
1936
你投票給了共和黨嗎？」
02:07
(Laughter)
40
115640
2200
（笑聲）
02:12
Now, the truth is,
41
120680
1376
是這樣的，
02:14
I wasn't really political,
I was just a French horn player.
I was just a French horn player.
42
122080
4376
我並不把政治掛在嘴邊，
我只是個法國號樂手。
我只是個法國號樂手。
02:18
But I had a bit of an epiphany,
43
126480
3535
但是我有些頓悟，
02:22
and they had detected it,
and it was causing some confusion.
and it was causing some confusion.
44
130039
2857
我的父母察覺了，所以這樣問。
02:24
You see, I had become
an enthusiast for capitalism,
an enthusiast for capitalism,
45
132920
4680
我迷上了資本主義，
02:30
and I want to tell you why that is.
46
138200
2616
讓我告訴你怎麼了。
02:32
It stems from a lifelong interest of mine
47
140840
4136
似乎從很久以前，
02:37
in, believe it or not, poverty.
48
145000
1960
我就一直關心貧窮的問題。
02:39
See, when I was a kid
growing up in Seattle,
growing up in Seattle,
49
147920
2336
我從小在西雅圖長大，
02:42
I remember the first time
I saw real poverty.
I saw real poverty.
50
150280
3616
還記得第一次看到真正的貧窮。
02:45
We were a lower middle class family,
but that's of course not real poverty.
but that's of course not real poverty.
51
153920
4376
我們是較低的中產階級家庭，
並不真正窮，
並不真正窮，
02:50
That's not even close.
52
158320
1736
和貧窮差得遠了。
02:52
The first time I saw poverty,
and poverty's face,
and poverty's face,
53
160080
3416
第一次看到貧窮、貧窮的臉，
02:55
was when I was six
or seven years old, early 1970s.
or seven years old, early 1970s.
54
163520
2816
是在我六、七歲時，
也就是在70年代早期，
也就是在70年代早期，
02:58
And it was like a lot of you,
kind of a prosaic example, kind of trite.
kind of a prosaic example, kind of trite.
55
166360
4536
和許多人一樣，我看到一個平淡無奇，
甚至可算陳腐的例子，
甚至可算陳腐的例子，
03:02
It was a picture in the National
Geographic Magazine
Geographic Magazine
56
170920
3376
是一張國家地理雜誌曾經刊登的照片，
03:06
of a kid who was my age in East Africa,
57
174320
4296
一個跟我差不多年紀的東非孩子，
03:10
and there were flies on his face
and a distended belly.
and a distended belly.
58
178640
2576
他的臉上有許多蒼蠅，肚子腫脹。
03:13
And he wasn't going to make it,
and I knew that, and I was helpless.
and I knew that, and I was helpless.
59
181240
4920
我知道他活不了多久了，但我無能為力。
03:18
Some of you remember that picture,
60
186720
1976
你可能記得這張照片，
03:20
not exactly that picture,
one just like it.
one just like it.
61
188720
2016
或者是其他類似的照片。
03:22
It introduced the West
to grinding poverty around the world.
to grinding poverty around the world.
62
190760
4800
這照片讓西方看見世界其他地方的赤貧。
03:28
Well, that vision kind of haunted me
as I grew up and I went to school
as I grew up and I went to school
63
196240
4776
這影像在我腦海中盤旋不去。
我長大、上學、休學、復學，
03:33
and I dropped out and dropped in
64
201040
1776
03:34
and started my family.
65
202840
1960
然後有了自己的家庭。
03:37
And I wondered, what happened to that kid?
66
205496
2000
我心裡想著，那小孩後來怎樣了？
03:39
Or to people just like him
all over the world?
all over the world?
67
207520
2680
世界上其他類似的人怎樣了？
03:43
And so I started to study,
even though I wasn't in college,
even though I wasn't in college,
68
211200
2776
雖然沒上大學，我還是開始研究這個問題，
03:46
I was looking for the answer:
69
214000
1416
試著找出答案。
03:47
what happened to the world's
poorest people?
poorest people?
70
215440
2096
世界上最貧窮的人後來怎樣了？
03:49
Has it gotten worse?
Has it gotten better? What?
Has it gotten better? What?
71
217560
2256
他們的情況更糟嗎？變好了嗎？到底怎麼了？
03:51
And I found the answer,
and it changed my life,
and it changed my life,
72
219840
2776
最後我找到答案，也徹底改變了我自己，
03:54
and I want to share it with you.
73
222640
1560
這就是我接下來要與你們分享的。
03:57
See --
74
225040
1200
是這樣的 --
03:59
most Americans believe
that poverty has gotten worse
that poverty has gotten worse
75
227760
4256
大部分美國人以為
自我們幼時、或看到這景象時，
自我們幼時、或看到這景象時，
04:04
since we were children,
since they saw that vision.
since they saw that vision.
76
232040
3136
到現在，貧窮情況愈來愈糟。
04:07
If you ask Americans, "Has poverty
gotten worse or better around the world?",
gotten worse or better around the world?",
77
235200
3656
如果你問一位美國人，
「世上的貧窮是更嚴重還是改善了？」
「世上的貧窮是更嚴重還是改善了？」
百分之七十的人回答，
自70年代到現在，越來越多人挨餓。
自70年代到現在，越來越多人挨餓。
04:10
70 percent will say that hunger
has gotten worse since the early 1970s.
has gotten worse since the early 1970s.
78
238880
3336
04:14
But here's the truth.
79
242240
1496
但，實情如下。
04:15
Here's the epiphany that I had
that changed my thinking.
that changed my thinking.
80
243760
3696
下面的頓悟改變了我的想法。
04:19
From 1970 until today,
81
247480
2760
從1970年到今天，
04:22
the percentage of the world's population
82
250880
2856
世界上飢餓人口的百分比，
04:25
living in starvation levels,
83
253760
2016
意即，隨通貨膨脹調整，
每天少於一美元的生活費，
每天少於一美元的生活費，
04:27
living on a dollar a day or less,
obviously adjusted for inflation,
obviously adjusted for inflation,
84
255800
3656
04:31
that percentage has declined
85
259480
3216
百分比下降了八成之多。
04:34
by 80 percent.
86
262720
1680
04:37
There's been an 80 percent decline
in the world's worst poverty
in the world's worst poverty
87
265080
2976
從我幼時到現在，
世界的赤貧人口減少了80%。
世界的赤貧人口減少了80%。
04:40
since I was a kid.
88
268080
1216
以前我並不知道。
04:41
And I didn't even know about it.
89
269320
1576
朋友們，這是個奇蹟啊！
04:42
This, my friends, that's a miracle.
90
270920
1880
04:45
That's something we ought to celebrate.
91
273320
2296
我們應該為這件事慶祝。
04:47
It's the greatest antipoverty achievement
in the history of mankind,
in the history of mankind,
92
275640
4256
這是人類歷史上
消滅貧窮最大的成就，
消滅貧窮最大的成就，
04:51
and it happened in our lifetimes.
93
279920
2536
而且就發生在我們這一生中。
04:54
(Applause)
94
282480
3536
（掌聲）
04:58
So when I learned this, I asked,
what did that? What made it possible?
what did that? What made it possible?
95
286040
4856
得知這事實時，我找原因，
想知道是如何脫貧的？
想知道是如何脫貧的？
05:02
Because if you don't know why,
you can't do it again.
you can't do it again.
96
290920
2816
如果我們不知道原因，
就不能繼續改善貧窮的情況。
就不能繼續改善貧窮的情況。
05:05
If you want to replicate it
97
293760
1336
如果要複製
使另外二十億人能夠脫離貧窮，
使另外二十億人能夠脫離貧窮，
05:07
and get the next two billion
people out of poverty,
people out of poverty,
98
295120
2536
05:09
because that's what we're talking about:
since I was a kid,
since I was a kid,
99
297680
2776
如同我們正在談論的，
從我幼時至今，
05:12
two billion of the least of these,
our brothers and sisters,
our brothers and sisters,
100
300480
2816
有二十億最貧困的弟兄姊妹們已脫離赤貧。
05:15
have been pulled out of poverty.
101
303316
1540
我要接下來的二十億人也脫離貧困，
所以我必須明白如何辦得到。
所以我必須明白如何辦得到。
05:16
I want the next two billion,
so I've got to know why.
so I've got to know why.
102
304880
2486
我尋找答案。
05:19
And I went in search of an answer.
103
307386
1630
05:21
And it wasn't a political answer,
because I didn't care.
because I didn't care.
104
309040
2656
不是政治的答案，因我不在乎政治。
05:23
You know what, I still don't care.
105
311720
1656
至今，我仍不在乎政治。
05:25
I wanted the best answer
from mainstream economists
from mainstream economists
106
313400
4816
我要主流經濟學家的最好答案，
05:30
left, right and center.
107
318240
2120
不管左派、中間、或右派。
05:32
And here it is.
108
320880
1200
答案揭曉。
05:34
Here are the reasons.
109
322560
1256
是這些原因。
05:35
There are five reasons that two billion
of our brothers and sisters
of our brothers and sisters
110
323840
3736
自幼至今，是這五個原因
使二十億我們的弟兄姊妹們脫離貧窮。
05:39
have been pulled out of poverty
since I was a kid.
since I was a kid.
111
327600
2376
05:42
Number one: globalization.
112
330000
2520
一：全球化。
05:45
Number two: free trade.
113
333080
2096
二：自由貿易。
05:47
Number three: property rights.
114
335200
2336
三：產權。
05:49
Number four: rule of law.
115
337560
2536
四：法治。
05:52
Number five: entrepreneurship.
116
340120
2976
五：創業。
05:55
It was the free enterprise system
spreading around the world
spreading around the world
117
343120
4256
是1970年後，廣泛散佈世界各地的
自由企業制度所達成的。
自由企業制度所達成的。
05:59
after 1970 that did that.
118
347400
1776
06:01
Now, I'm not naive.
119
349200
2416
我並不天真。
06:03
I know that free enterprise isn't perfect,
120
351640
2456
我知道自由企業制度並非完美，
06:06
and I know that free enterprise
isn't everything we need
isn't everything we need
121
354120
3136
我們不能僅靠自由企業制度
06:09
to build a better world.
122
357280
1216
來建造更美好的世界。
06:10
But that is great.
123
358520
2536
但是它很棒。
06:13
And that's beyond politics.
124
361080
1336
它凌駕於政治之上。
06:14
Here's what I learned.
This is the epiphany.
This is the epiphany.
125
362440
2096
這是我學到、頓悟到的。
06:16
Capitalism is not just about accumulation.
126
364560
3016
資本主義不僅是資產的累積。
06:19
At its best, it's about aspiration,
127
367600
2536
而是心願、抱負的極致，
06:22
which is what so many people
on this stage talk about,
on this stage talk about,
128
370160
2696
如同這講台上許多人所說的，
06:24
is the aspiration that comes from dreams
129
372880
3216
在自由企業制度中的資本主義
06:28
that are embedded
in the free enterprise system.
in the free enterprise system.
130
376120
2256
能夠讓夢想延伸成心願、抱負。
06:30
And we've got to share it
with more people.
with more people.
131
378400
2176
而且我們必須與更多的人分享。
06:32
Now, I want to tell you
about a second epiphany
about a second epiphany
132
380600
3216
讓我告訴你第二個頓悟，
06:35
that's related to that first one
133
383840
2496
與第一個有關，
06:38
that I think can bring us progress,
not just around the world,
not just around the world,
134
386360
3056
它能帶來進步，不只世界各地，
06:41
but right here at home.
135
389440
1240
我們美國本地也是。
06:43
The best quote I've ever heard
136
391840
2016
我所聽過最好的引用句，
06:45
to summarize the thoughts
that I've just given you
that I've just given you
137
393880
3576
總結我剛剛所說
06:49
about pulling people out of poverty
138
397480
2056
拯救貧窮的想法，
06:51
is as follows:
139
399560
2096
如下：
06:53
"Free markets have created more wealth
than any system in history.
than any system in history.
140
401680
4856
「自由市場比歷史上任何的機制
創造了更多的財富。
創造了更多的財富。
06:58
They have lifted billions out of poverty."
141
406560
2800
它們使數十億的人出脫貧窮。」
07:02
Who said it?
142
410400
1256
誰說的？
07:03
It sounds like Milton Friedman
or Ronald Reagan.
or Ronald Reagan.
143
411680
3400
聽起來像米爾頓·弗里德曼 或 雷根總統。
07:07
Wrong.
144
415800
1200
錯了。
07:09
President Barack Obama said that.
145
417480
2240
奧巴馬總統說的。
07:12
Why do I know it by heart?
146
420440
1600
為什麼我熟知？
07:14
Because he said it to me.
147
422960
1440
因為是他對我說的。
07:17
Crazy.
148
425640
1496
難以置信啊。
07:19
And I said, "Hallelujah."
149
427160
2680
我說，「哈利路亞！」
07:22
But more than that, I said,
150
430800
2496
我還說，
07:25
"What an opportunity."
151
433320
1696
「大好的機會。」
07:27
You know what I was a thinking?
152
435040
1496
可知道我想什麼？
07:28
It was at an event
that we were doing on the subject
that we were doing on the subject
153
436560
2456
那是2015年的5月，
我們正在喬治城大學研討這議題。
07:31
at Georgetown University in May of 2015.
154
439040
1936
07:33
And I thought, this is the solution
155
441000
2776
當時我想，這正是當前美國
所面對的最大問題的解答。
所面對的最大問題的解答。
07:35
to the biggest problem
facing America today. What?
facing America today. What?
156
443800
3496
什麼？
07:39
It's coming together around these ideas,
157
447320
2776
是接受這些想法，
07:42
liberals and conservatives,
158
450120
1736
自由派和保守派攜手幫助
那些最需要被幫助的人。
那些最需要被幫助的人。
07:43
to help people who need us the most.
159
451880
3080
07:47
Now, I don't have to tell anybody
in this room that we're in a crisis,
in this room that we're in a crisis,
160
455480
3296
不需要我告訴在座的各位
我們正面臨危機，
我們正面臨危機，
07:50
in America and many countries around
the world with political polarization.
the world with political polarization.
161
458800
3576
美國和世界各地許多國家
正面臨政治的兩極化。
正面臨政治的兩極化。
07:54
It's risen to critical, crisis levels.
162
462400
1896
已經升高到關鍵危機的層次。
07:56
It's unpleasant. It's not right.
163
464320
2400
這是不宜人、不對的。
07:59
There was an article last year
164
467320
1656
西方世界最負盛名的期刊之一的
美國國家科學院期刊，
美國國家科學院期刊，
08:01
in the Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences,
of the National Academy of Sciences,
165
469000
2616
在去年發表了一篇文章。
08:03
which is one of the most
prestigious scientific journals
prestigious scientific journals
166
471640
3480
這篇2014年的文章講得是
08:08
published in the West.
167
476080
1256
08:09
And it was an article in 2014
168
477360
2456
08:11
on political motive asymmetry.
169
479840
2416
政治動機的不對稱性。
08:14
What's that? That's what psychologists
call the phenomenon
call the phenomenon
170
482280
2715
那是什麼？這就是心理學家所說的現象：
08:17
of assuming that your ideology
is based in love
is based in love
171
485019
3920
臆斷你的思想基於愛，
08:21
but your opponents' ideology
is based in hate.
is based in hate.
172
489440
2880
而對手的思想卻基於仇恨。
08:24
It's common in world conflict.
173
492920
2816
這是世界衝突常見的現象。
08:27
You expect to see this between
Palestinians and Israelis, for example.
Palestinians and Israelis, for example.
174
495760
4040
例如，在以巴衝突中看得到。
08:32
What the authors of this article found
175
500400
2416
本文作者發現
08:34
was that in America today,
a majority of Republicans and Democrats
a majority of Republicans and Democrats
176
502840
4616
在今日的美國，
大多數共和黨和民主黨人
大多數共和黨和民主黨人
08:39
suffer from political motive asymmetry.
177
507480
2576
苦於政治動機的不對稱性。
08:42
A majority of people in our country today
who are politically active believe
who are politically active believe
178
510080
3856
今天，我國大多數關心政治的人認為
08:45
that they are motivated by love
but the other side is motivated by hate.
but the other side is motivated by hate.
179
513960
3416
己方的出發點是愛，
而對方的出發點則是恨。
而對方的出發點則是恨。
08:49
Think about it. Think about it.
180
517400
1536
想想吧。想想吧。
08:50
Most people are walking around saying,
181
518960
2175
大多數人到處宣揚，
08:53
"You know, my ideology
is based on basic benevolence,
is based on basic benevolence,
182
521159
3177
「我的思想以善為本，
08:56
I want to help people,
183
524360
1216
我想幫助人；
08:57
but the other guys,
they're evil and out to get me."
they're evil and out to get me."
184
525600
2800
但是對方是邪惡的，故意和我作對。」
09:01
You can't progress as a society
when you have this kind of asymmetry.
when you have this kind of asymmetry.
185
529200
5296
有這種不對稱性的社會不能進步。
09:06
It's impossible.
186
534520
1200
不可能。
09:08
How do we solve it?
187
536560
1256
我們該如何解決呢？
09:09
Well, first, let's be honest:
there are differences.
there are differences.
188
537840
3656
首先，我們得誠實面對 差異的存在。
09:13
Let's not minimize the differences.
That would be really naïve.
That would be really naïve.
189
541520
3696
我們不是去減少分歧，因那是很幼稚的。
09:17
There's a lot of good research on this.
190
545240
2056
已有許多相關的好研究。
09:19
A veteran of the TED stage
is my friend Jonathan Haidt.
is my friend Jonathan Haidt.
191
547320
3136
我的朋友喬納森·海特
是TED舞台的常客。
是TED舞台的常客。
09:22
He's a psychology professor
at New York University.
at New York University.
192
550480
3056
他是紐約大學的心理學教授。
09:25
He does work on the ideology
and values and morals of different people
and values and morals of different people
193
553560
4936
他研究不同人的意識形態、道德觀念，
09:30
to see how they differ.
194
558520
1240
看有什麼差異。
09:32
And he's shown, for example,
that conservatives and liberals
that conservatives and liberals
195
560360
2810
他表示，保守派和自由派
所看重的重點，非常不同。
所看重的重點，非常不同。
09:35
have a very different emphasis
on what they think is important.
on what they think is important.
196
563194
3016
09:38
For example, Jon Haidt has shown
197
566234
3302
喬納森·海特舉例，
09:41
that liberals care about poverty
198
569560
2976
自由派關心貧窮
09:44
59 percent more than they care
about economic liberty.
about economic liberty.
199
572560
2880
比關心自由經濟超出59%。
09:48
And conservatives
care about economic liberty
care about economic liberty
200
576280
2496
而保守派關心自由經濟
09:50
28 percent more
than they care about poverty.
than they care about poverty.
201
578800
3160
比關心貧窮，超出28%。
09:54
Irreconcilable differences, right?
202
582920
2056
不可調和的分歧，對吧？
09:57
We'll never come together. Wrong.
203
585000
2000
我們永遠走不到一起。錯了。
09:59
That is diversity
in which lies our strength.
in which lies our strength.
204
587520
3376
我們的實力 奠基在「多樣性上」。
10:02
Remember what pulled up the poor.
205
590920
4136
回顧一下，是什麼拯救了赤貧。
10:07
It was the obsession with poverty,
206
595080
3056
是在乎貧窮，
10:10
accompanied by the method
of economic freedom
of economic freedom
207
598160
4216
加上傳遍世界的自由經濟法 。
10:14
spreading around the world.
208
602400
1616
10:16
We need each other, in other words,
209
604040
2536
換言之，我們必須彼此攜手，
10:18
if we want to help people and get the next
two billion people out of poverty.
two billion people out of poverty.
210
606600
3620
以幫助接下來的二十億人 也脫離貧窮。
10:22
There's no other way.
211
610244
1280
別無他法。
10:24
Hmm.
212
612560
1336
嗯。
10:25
How are we going to get that?
213
613920
1480
我們如何能做到呢？
10:28
It's a tricky thing, isn't it.
214
616360
1656
很棘手，是吧？
10:30
We need innovative thinking.
215
618040
2216
我們需要創新思維。
10:32
A lot of it's on this stage.
216
620280
1656
台上有許多。
10:33
Social entrepreneurship.
Yeah. Absolutely. Phenomenal.
Yeah. Absolutely. Phenomenal.
217
621960
3160
社會企業家精神。
是啊。絕對。非凡的。
是啊。絕對。非凡的。
10:38
We need investment overseas
218
626280
2336
海外投資必須是
10:40
in a sustainable, responsible,
ethical and moral way. Yes. Yes.
ethical and moral way. Yes. Yes.
219
628640
4376
永續的、負責任的、
符合倫理道德的。對。對。
符合倫理道德的。對。對。
10:45
But you know what we really need?
220
633040
1816
可知我們真正需要什麼？
10:46
We need a new day in flexible ideology.
221
634880
4616
我們需要新的一天、靈活的思想意識。
10:51
We need to be less predictable.
222
639520
2560
我們需要少些可預期性。
10:54
Don't we?
223
642680
1216
不是嗎？
10:55
Do you ever feel like your own ideology
is starting to get predictable?
is starting to get predictable?
224
643920
4576
你可曾覺得自己的思想意識
開始變得越來越可預期？
開始變得越來越可預期？
11:00
Kinda conventional?
225
648520
1736
落入常規？
11:02
Do you ever feel like you're always
listening to people who agree with you?
listening to people who agree with you?
226
650280
4136
可曾覺得你總是在聽
合你心意的人所說的話？
合你心意的人所說的話？
11:06
Why is that dangerous?
227
654440
1736
為什麼危險呢？
11:08
Because when we talk
in this country about economics,
in this country about economics,
228
656200
3576
因為每當我國在討論經濟時，
11:11
on the right, conservatives,
229
659800
1656
在右派、保守派，
11:13
you're always talking about taxes
and regulations and big government.
and regulations and big government.
230
661480
4640
總是談稅、管制法規、和大政府。
11:18
And on the left, liberals,
you're talking about economics,
you're talking about economics,
231
666880
2736
而左派、自由派，
在討論經濟時，總是談所得的不均。對吧？
11:21
it's always about income inequality.
232
669640
2256
11:23
Right? Now those are important things,
233
671920
3416
這些都是重要的事情，
11:27
really important to me,
really important to you.
really important to you.
234
675360
2256
對我很重要，對你很重要。
11:29
But when it comes to lifting people up
235
677640
2536
但是對那些身處飢餓中
需要我們幫助脫貧的人而言，
需要我們幫助脫貧的人而言，
11:32
who are starving and need us today,
those are distractions.
those are distractions.
236
680200
4456
這些只是分心而已。
11:36
We need to come together
around the best ways
around the best ways
237
684680
3416
我們必須一起覺醒
11:40
to mitigate poverty
using the best tools at our disposal,
using the best tools at our disposal,
238
688120
3336
以可使用的最好工具
找出減輕貧窮的最佳途徑，
找出減輕貧窮的最佳途徑，
11:43
and that comes only when conservatives
recognize that they need liberals
recognize that they need liberals
239
691480
4496
要達到這目標，必須得
保守派認知他們
需要自由主義者 與其所執著的貧困，
11:48
and their obsession with poverty,
240
696000
1616
11:49
and liberals need conservatives
and their obsession with free markets.
and their obsession with free markets.
241
697640
5120
加上自由主義者認知
需要保守派及其痴迷的自由市場。
11:55
That's the diversity in which lies
the future strength of this country,
the future strength of this country,
242
703240
4496
「多樣性」是我們國家未來的力量，
如果我們選擇了多樣性。
11:59
if we choose to take it.
243
707760
1960
12:02
So how are we going to do it?
How are we going to do it together?
How are we going to do it together?
244
710760
3056
那我們如何做呢？怎麼做起來呢？
12:05
I've got to have some action items,
not just for you but for me.
not just for you but for me.
245
713840
3160
我必須有一些行動項目，
不只為你，而是為我。
不只為你，而是為我。
12:09
Number one. Action item number one:
246
717400
2896
第一，第一個行動：
12:12
remember, it's not good enough
just to tolerate people who disagree.
just to tolerate people who disagree.
247
720320
5216
記住，只是「容忍」意見不同的人
是不夠的。
是不夠的。
12:17
It's not good enough.
248
725560
1696
是不夠的。
12:19
We have to remember that we need
people who disagree with us,
people who disagree with us,
249
727280
3896
我們必須記住，我們「需要」異議者，
12:23
because there are people
who need all of us
who need all of us
250
731200
2336
因為世上還有許多人等著
12:25
who are still waiting for these tools.
251
733560
2440
我們所有的人攜手，
一起提供解決問題的工具。
一起提供解決問題的工具。
12:28
Now, what are you going to do?
How are you going to express that?
How are you going to express that?
252
736680
3296
接下來，你打算怎麼辦？
你將如何表達？
你將如何表達？
12:32
Where does this start? It starts here.
253
740000
1936
從哪裡開始？從這裡開始。
12:33
You know, all of us
in this room, we're blessed.
in this room, we're blessed.
254
741960
3256
要知道，在這房裡的人都是有福的。
12:37
We're blessed with people
who listen to us.
who listen to us.
255
745240
2056
我們有幸，有人聽從我們。
12:39
We're blessed with prosperity.
We're blessed with leadership.
We're blessed with leadership.
256
747320
2896
我們有繁榮的福氣。
我們有幸，居於領導地位。
我們有幸，居於領導地位。
12:42
When people hear us,
with the kind of unpredictable ideology,
with the kind of unpredictable ideology,
257
750240
4400
當人們聽到
我們有這出乎意料的意識形態，
我們有這出乎意料的意識形態，
12:47
then maybe people will listen.
258
755200
2416
也許他們會聽從，自此開始進展。
12:49
Maybe progress will start at that point.
259
757640
2176
以上是第一點。
12:51
That's number one. Number two.
260
759840
1760
第二，
第二：我要求你、也要求我自己，
12:54
Number two: I'm asking you
and I'm asking me
and I'm asking me
261
762160
3800
12:58
to be the person specifically
who blurs the lines,
who blurs the lines,
262
766680
4376
做一個界線模糊的人，
13:03
who is ambiguous, who is hard to classify.
263
771080
3280
模糊，很難被分歸於哪一類的人。
13:07
If you're a conservative,
264
775160
1256
如果你是保守派，
13:08
be the conservative
who is always going on about poverty
who is always going on about poverty
265
776440
3536
做一個關心窮人
肩負道德責任，為窮人戰鬥的保守派。
13:12
and the moral obligation
to be a warrior for the poor.
to be a warrior for the poor.
266
780000
2816
13:14
And if you're a liberal,
be a liberal who is always talking
be a liberal who is always talking
267
782840
3696
如果你屬自由派，做一個服膺 --
自由市場機制的美好，
在於若被負責任地使用
在於若被負責任地使用
13:18
about the beauty of free markets
to solve our problems
to solve our problems
268
786560
4576
就能夠解決問題 -- 的自由主義者。
13:23
when we use them responsibly.
269
791160
1600
13:25
If we do that, we get two things.
270
793320
2736
如果我們這樣做，我
們可以得到兩件事情。
們可以得到兩件事情。
13:28
Number one: we get to start
to work on the next two billion
to work on the next two billion
271
796080
4576
第一：我們可以開始下一輪
二十億人的脫貧工作，
二十億人的脫貧工作，
13:32
and be the solution
that we've seen so much of in the past
that we've seen so much of in the past
272
800680
3536
讓我們成為解決之道，
如同過去看到的那些解方法，
如同過去看到的那些解方法，
13:36
and we need to see more of in the future.
That's what we get.
That's what we get.
273
804240
2896
未來需要更多的解決之道。
這就是我們得到的。
這就是我們得到的。
13:39
And the second is
that we might just be able
that we might just be able
274
807160
2976
第二：也許我們能夠
13:42
to take the ghastly holy war of ideology
that we're suffering under in this country
that we're suffering under in this country
275
810160
4656
把我國正遭受著的、
可怕的意識形態聖戰，
可怕的意識形態聖戰，
13:46
and turn it into a competition of ideas
276
814840
4256
變成了基於團結和互重的
產生新想法的良性競爭。
13:51
based on solidarity and mutual respect.
277
819120
2976
13:54
And then maybe, just maybe,
278
822120
3856
然後，也許，只是也許，
13:58
we'll all realize that our big differences
279
826000
3680
我們都意識到 我們的大差異
畢竟不是真的那麼大。
畢竟不是真的那麼大。
畢竟不是真的那麼大。
14:02
aren't really that big after all.
280
830360
2120
14:05
Thank you.
281
833400
1216
謝謝。
14:06
(Applause)
282
834640
6828
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arthur Brooks - Social scientist, authorAs president of the American Enterprise Institute, Arthur Brooks is changing the way conservatives think about poverty and opportunity.
Why you should listen
When classical French horn player Arthur Brooks returned to the United States from Spain with no money and few academic credentials, he felt he was immigrating to his own country. Now, as president of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute (and an author of many columns and books, including his latest, The Conservative Heart), he's injecting a much-needed dose of compassion into contemporary conservative discourse.
A tireless advocate of free enterprise, Brooks argues that "a conservatism that fights poverty, promotes equal opportunity and extols spiritual enlightenment" is what the United States needs to restore prosperity and happiness.
Arthur Brooks | Speaker | TED.com