Jack Dorsey: How Twitter needs to change
傑克・多爾西: 推特需要如何調整
Jack Dorsey is the CEO of Twitter, CEO & Chairman of Square, and a cofounder of both. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bioWhitney Pennington Rodgers - TED Current Affairs Curator
Whitney Pennington Rodgers is an award-winning journalist and media professional. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
What worries you right now?
你目前擔心的是什麼?
about lots of issues on Twitter.
the health of the conversation.
目前擔心對話是否良性。
the public conversation,
a number of attacks on it.
misinformation.
that we were not expecting
創立時,所預期的變化。
starting the company.
is just our ability to address it
of how we're taking action,
of how we're taking action
for when we're wrong,
也有嚴謹的上訴程序,
I'm really glad to hear
我很高興聽到
a lot written about people
被辱罵和騷擾,
and harassed on Twitter,
就是女性、有色人種女性
than women and women of color
a report a few months ago
of active black female Twitter users
推特的黑人女性中,
one in 10 of their tweets
for the community on Twitter,
"health for everyone,"
to make Twitter a safe space
將推特變成安全的空間,
for women of color and black women?
有色人種的女性及黑人女性而言?
something about the world,
只是想了解世界資訊,
reporting abuse, receiving abuse,
檢舉或受到辱罵、
is just the incentives
and the service provides.
makes it super-easy to harass
of our system in the past
reporting harassment and abuse.
主動檢舉騷擾以及濫用。
we decided that we were going to apply
我們決定針對這個問題
a lot more deep learning to the problem,
around where abuse is happening,
off the victim completely.
are now proactively identified
have to report them.
are still reviewed by humans,
會再由人工複審,
without a human actually reviewing it.
刪除任何的推文或帳號。
just a year ago.
had to actually report it,
a lot of work for us
is making sure that we, as a company,
是確保作為一個企業
that we're trying to serve.
that is successful
of perspective inside of our walls
every single day.
that's doing the work,
執行的團隊要夠多元,
for what people are experiencing
a much better and easier approach
that they're seeing.
is around technology,
the incentives on the service:
when you first open it up?
它誘使你去做什麼?
it's incented a lot of mob behavior,
暴行、集體騷擾。
at some of the fundamentals
服務內容的本質,
to make the bigger shifts.
around technology, as I just described,
做許多小改變,如剛所敘,
at the dynamics in the network itself,
觀察網絡裡的動態,
that you might be able to change
fundamentally shift behavior?
with this concept of following an account,
people actually come to Twitter.
使用推特的原因。
as an interest-based network.
以興趣為基礎的網絡。
to find and follow the related accounts
才能找到並跟隨
is allow you to follow an interest,
讓你跟隨一種興趣,
to show all of the accounts,
呈現所有相關的帳號、
all the hashtags
particular topic and interest,
有關的都會呈現出來,
the perspective that you see.
away from just an account bias
so much content on there
of people around the world
contest with each other
of people who just read Twitter,
everyone's out there saying,
許多人會說:
a few more 'likes,' followers, retweets."
喜歡、跟隨者、轉推。」
is that the number one path to do that
are a dream on Twitter,
是人們在推特的目標。
process of driving outrage.
we made in the early days was
how many people follow you.
should be big and bold,
要用粗體大字呈現,
that's big and bold has importance,
通常都是重要的,
that you want to drive.
the follower count as much.
the "like" count as much.
create "like" in the first place,
「喜歡」這個功能,
to be the most important thing,
back to the network
that we thought of 13 years ago,
important right now.
how we display the follower count,
如何呈現跟隨者人數、
that we want people to drive up?
把這個數字衝高嗎?
when you open Twitter,
I need to increase?"
that's the case right now.
some of the tweets
in from the audience as well.
of the amazing things about Twitter
很棒的優點之一,
more questions, more points of view
are really healthy.
passed already quickly down here,
foreign meddling in the 2020 US election?"
美國大選的計畫是什麼?」
that's an issue we're seeing
automated activity happening.
in fact, we have some work
at Zignal Labs,
to give us an example
malicious account activity,
things like elections.
from Zignal which they've shared with us
they have from Twitter,
human accounts, each dot is an account.
人的帳戶,每一個點是一個帳戶。
a few humans interacting with bots.
to the election in Israel
和以色列大選有關,
about Benny Gantz,
that was an election
in some case influenced by this.
that happening on Twitter,
that you're doing, specifically,
like this spreading in this way,
藉此散播出去,
that could affect democracy?
the health of a conversation,
that you have indicators
in terms of are we healthy or not,
the flushness of your face,
the indicators of conversational health.
called Cortico at MIT
Cortico 實驗室合作,
measure on the system.
what we're calling shared attention.
of the conversation is attentive
of the conversation
are truthful or not,
the same facts as we converse?
是否有共同的依據。
is receptive or civil
is variety of perspective.
or echo chambers,
a variety of opinions
is the understanding that,
gets healthier and healthier.
if we can measure these online,
實際測量這些指標,
around receptivity.
a toxicity model, on our system
whether you are likely to walk away
that you're having on Twitter
trend over time
that these are balanced,
指標之間達到平衡,
you might decrease another.
可能讓另一項減少。
shared reality.
of the questions flooding in here.
of Nazis from Twitter?
從推特上消失有多難?
around violent extremist groups,
我們有相關的政策,
and our terms of service
harass someone,
that we act on immediately.
where that term is used fairly loosely,
並不嚴謹地使用那個字,
any one mention of that word
那個字被提起一次,
should be removed from the platform.
他應該被踢出平臺。
are based around, number one:
with a violent extremist group?
and the American Nazi Party and others.
納粹黨,及其他團體施行。
imagery or conduct
working on content moderation
that we're, number one,
hiring massive amounts of people,
而非僅透過大量人力,
that this is scalable,
作法是可以大範圍使用的,
that can actually scale this.
around proactive detection of abuse
主動偵測濫用的原因,
scouring every single tweet
interesting ones to the top
to whether we should take action or not,
我們是否要採取行動,
of people that are scalable,
對系統性擴展並無幫助,
monitoring these accounts,
with abuse and harassment.
we have flexibility in our people
最需要的地方,
at what is most needed.
印度馬上也會有一場選舉,
in Mexico, one coming up in India,
the midterm election,
with our resources.
to our current terms of service
and harassment that you just received
our terms of service to report it,
這樣你就可以舉報,
when you open that page
property protection.
abuse, harassment
that you might be experiencing.
over the company's history,
這是如何發展出來的,
the thing that people want
and to actually act on.
what we believed was important.
我們的價值觀。
so that they're human-readable
讓人們容易閱讀,
understand themselves
and when something is not.
有抵觸,什麼狀況沒有。
the burden of work from the victims.
不要讓受害者承擔。
towards technology,
having to review that work.
that's super, super negative,
between the technology
人類創意之間取得平衡,
of finding and reporting them.
去找出、舉報它們。
about what you said.
討論你剛所說的。
you are looking for ways
design of the system
behavior, and perhaps --
to that "like" button be?
is that I believe fundamentally
目標是,基本上我相信,
facing the world
面臨攸關存亡的問題,
not any one particular nation-state,
dynamics of Twitter,
and participate in it.
like climate change.
like the displacement in the work
like economic disparity.
to solve the problem alone.
Twitter can play a part.
right now, when you go to it,
feeling like you learned something.
覺得你獲得了新知。
a very, very rich network,
that they learn from every single day.
每天都能從中學到東西。
and a lot of time to build up to that.
to those topics and those interests
找到那些主題、興趣,
they're finding something that,
they spend on Twitter --
the time on Twitter,
不是人們花在推特的時間,
what they actually take away from it
that a lot of people want to know.
to a huge extent,
很大程度的限制,
is from advertising --
user time, if need be,
犧牲使用者停留時間,
less time on the service,
意味更短的停留時間,
that, like, you're coming to Twitter,
當你上了推特,
that you learn from and that you push.
能從中學習,並會轉推。
any more time to see more.
花更多時間、看更多東西。
每日活躍使用量,
daily active usage,
that doesn't necessarily mean things
like a moth to the flame, every day.
吸引過去的東西。
something that pisses us off,
看到惹毛我們的東西,
dangerous term to be optimizing.
使用量」,似乎挺危險的。
finish the other metric,
healthy contribution back to the network,
讓良性對話回這個平臺,
is actually participating in conversation
I articulated earlier.
前述的四個指標所定義。
around one metric.
a healthy contribution to the network
創造出良性的貢獻,
"Hey, I learned something from Twitter,
我從推特學到了些東西,
with something valuable."
I think to me, as this enigma.
對我來說是如此。
but I woke up the other night
但有天晚上我醒來,
thinking about you and the situation,
想著你和目前的狀態,
on this ship called the "Twittanic" --
listen to me, I want to hear."
聽我說,我想要知道。」
"We're worried about the iceberg ahead."
「我們很擔心前面的冰山。」
that is a powerful point,
hasn't been built properly
this extraordinary calm,
saying, "Jack, turn the fucking wheel!"
「傑克,轉那他媽的舵!」
It's our world at stake.
of the other platforms,
to set the agenda,
important role in the world than to ...
還有更重要的角色,
of listening, Jack, and hearing people,
傾聽這方面做得很出色,
並努力推動改變——
and move on this stuff --
moving substantially.
一些實質進展。
a few dynamics in Twitter's history.
in terms of our future,
were using the platform,
使用這個平臺的方法,
a bunch of the foundation,
for what we were doing,
the public conversation.
with the fundamentals.
to address what you're talking about,
可以採取一些表面功夫,
to what we started 13 years ago
and how the framework works
and how people are using it.
和人們使用它的方法。
but quickness will not get the job done.
the fundamentals of the network
and being transparent about where are
that we've put in place.
of stupid stuff we were doing in the past.
一連串愚蠢的決定。
who, if given the chance,
on this change-making agenda you're on,
and speaking so openly.
開誠布公地討論。
and good luck with your mission.
祝你好運完成任務。
Thanks for having me.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Jack Dorsey - Entrepreneur, programmerJack Dorsey is the CEO of Twitter, CEO & Chairman of Square, and a cofounder of both.
Why you should listen
More profile about the speaker
Jack Dorsey | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
Whitney Pennington Rodgers - TED Current Affairs Curator
Whitney Pennington Rodgers is an award-winning journalist and media professional.
Why you should listen
Prior to joining TED as current affairs curator, Whitney Pennington Rodgers produced for NBC's primetime news magazine Dateline NBC. She earned a duPont-Columbia award and a News & Documentary Emmy or her contributions to the Dateline NBC hour "The Cosby Accusers Speak" -- an extensive group interview with 27 of the women who accused entertainer Bill Cosby of sexual misconduct.
Pennington Rodgers has worked at NBC's in-house production company Peacock Productions, The Today Show, Nightly News, Rock Center with Brian Williams and New Jersey-centric public affairs shows Caucus: New Jersey and One-on-One with Steve Adubato. Prior to beginning her career in media, she had a short stint as a fourth-grade teacher through the Teach for America program.
Pennington Rodgers received her Bachelor's in journalism and media studies from Rutgers University. She completed her Master's of Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley, where she produced a documentary about recruitment of nonblack students at historically black colleges and universities.
Whitney Pennington Rodgers | Speaker | TED.com