Sangeeta Bhatia: This tiny particle could roam your body to find tumors
سانقيتا باهيتيا: يُمكن لهذه الجسيمات الصغيرة أن تجوب جسمك للعثور على الأورام
Sangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation. Full bio
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to house one transistor,
ترانزستور واحد،
the size of an entire room
غرفة كاملة
revolution in computers.
to reduce the number of lives lost
في تقليل عدد الأرواح المفقودة
diseases on Earth:
على وجه الأرض:
is that we're working on curing cancer.
نعمل على علاج السرطان.
opportunity to save lives
لإنقاذ الأرواح
and prevention of cancer.
والوقاية من السرطان.
due to cancer are fully preventable
حالات الوفاة بسبب السرطان تماماً
have in hand today.
أيدينا اليوم.
and technologies that we have today,
التي نمتلك اليوم،
they've started growing,
نموها،
cancer cells strong.
سرطانية قوية.
deadly cancers sooner,
الأكثر فتكاً،
miniaturization might get us there.
أن يوصلنا إلى هناك.
for looking at a tissue specimen,
ليفحص عينة نسيج حيوي،
with years of specialized training
من التدريب المتخصص
of mine at Rice University,
جامعة رايس،
is miniaturize that whole microscope
تصغير هذا المجهر الكامل
of an optical fiber.
of taking a sample from a patient
أخذ عينة من المريض
to the patient.
a specialist to look at the images,
للنظر في الصور،
normal versus cancerous cells.
الخلايا الطبيعية من السرطانية.
working in rural communities,
a mobile screening van
فحص متنقلة
and perform exams
وعمل الفحوصات
hospital for analysis,
من أجل التحليل
with an abnormal test result
غير عادية
because they can't afford the trip.
عدم قدرتهن على تحمل تكاليف الرحلة.
and computer analysis,
have been able to create a van
and a treatment setup.
والعلاجية معاً.
is that they can do a diagnosis
من جديد.
miniaturization can save lives.
يمكن للتصغير أن يُنقذ الأرواح.
as straight-up miniaturization.
and you made it little.
for us to take them everywhere.
معنا في كل مكان.
equivalent like that in medicine?
في الطب؟
circulate in your body,
والدوران في جسمك،
like science fiction.
allows us to do just that.
القيام بذلك فعلا.
the parts that make up the detector
المكّونة للكاشف
actually change their properties
into gold nanoparticles,
إلى جزيئيات نانو ذهبية،
gold to looking red.
اللون الأحمر.
like cadmium selenide --
سيلينيد الكادميوم --
out of this material
هذه المادة
yellow, orange, red,
والبرتقالي والأحمر،
like that in the macro world?
في العالم الكبير؟
in your closet are all made of cotton,
الدينم في خزانتك مصنوعة كلها من القطن،
depending only on their size.
حجمها فقط.
the color of materials
in your body also changes.
تتغير أيضاً.
that we're going to use
into the blood vessel
الوعاء الدموي
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
إلى الورم.
of many tumors are leaky,
من الأورام هي مُسربة/راشحة،
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
من مجرى الدم إلى الورم.
depends on their size.
blue nanoparticles are leaking out,
المتناهية الصغر حجم 100 نانومتر،
red nanoparticles
500 نانومتر،
or small I make a material,
المادة التي أصنعها،
a cancer nanodetector
للسرطان
into the body and look for tumors.
والبحث عن الأورام.
for tumor invasion:
that tumors need to make to spread.
الأورام لعملها لكي تنتشر.
of the tissue that it's born in,
الأنزيمات
the scaffolding of tissues.
هندسة النسيج المترابطة.
to be activated by these enzymes.
تنشيطها بواسطة هذه الأنزيمات.
of these chemical reactions in an hour.
التفاعلات الكيميائية في ساعة واحدة.
that one-to-a-thousand ratio
نسبة واحد-إلى-ألف
cancer detector.
فائق الحساسية.
signal to the outside world,
النشطة إلى العالم الخارجي،
one more piece of nanoscale biology,
نانوية حيوية،
and put waste into the urine.
الفضلات في البول.
than five nanometers
through the kidney, into the urine,
that's bigger is retained.
cancer detector,
حجم 100 نانومتر،
where it's activated by tumor enzymes
الورم بتنشيطه
filtered out of the kidney
that I can detect.
أستطيع الكشف عنها.
that we designed as engineers.
and we can design them
with our tool of choice.
الأداة التي نختارها.
sensitive, fancy instrument
وفاخر
with a unique mass.
that's more inexpensive and portable.
وقابل للحمل والتنقل.
that we can trap on paper,
عرضها على ورقة،
world of paper tests
اختبارات الأشرطة الورقية
in a field called paper diagnostics.
التشخيصات الورقية.
to keep us pushing forward,
أن تكون لدينا أحلام تدفعنا للأمام،
cancer researchers.
الباحثين في مجال السرطانات.
will happen with my technology,
باستخدام تقنيتي هذه،
our hearts and souls
بوضع بقلوبنا وأرواحنا
an expensive screening facility
مكلفة
on a smartphone.
على الهاتف الذكي المحمول.
have this working in mice,
ممكناً على الفئران،
than existing methods
من الطرق المتوفرة
colon and ovarian cancer.
والمبايض.
detect tumors in patients
الكشف عن الأورام في المرضى
after they've started growing,
بداية نموها،
to earlier treatments,
than we can today,
مما نقوم به اليوم،
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangeeta Bhatia - Physician, bioengineer and entrepreneurSangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation.
Why you should listen
Trained as both a physician and engineer at Harvard, MIT, and Brown University, Sangeeta Bhatia leverages 'tiny technologies' of miniaturization to yield inventions with new applications in tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, medical diagnostics, predictive toxicology and drug delivery. She and her trainees have launched more than 10 biotechnology companies to improve human health.
Bhatia has received many honors including the Lemelson-MIT Prize, known as the 'Oscar for inventors,' and the Heinz Medal for groundbreaking inventions and advocacy for women in STEM fields. She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, the Director of the Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Science and Brown University's Board of Trustees.
Sangeeta Bhatia | Speaker | TED.com