Sangeeta Bhatia: This tiny particle could roam your body to find tumors
Sangeeta Bhatia: Esta pequena partícula poderia vaguear pelo seu corpo para encontrar tumores.
Sangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation. Full bio
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to house one transistor,
costumava ocupar,
the size of an entire room
do tamanho de uma sala
revolution in computers.
miniaturização dos computadores.
para reduzir o número de vidas perdidas
to reduce the number of lives lost
que mais proliferam na Terra:
diseases on Earth:
é que trabalhamos na cura do cancro.
is that we're working on curing cancer.
opportunity to save lives
precoces do cancro.
and prevention of cancer.
due to cancer are fully preventable
mais de dois terços das mortes por cancro,
have in hand today.
análises atempadas
and technologies that we have today,
e tecnologias que temos atualmente,
terem começado a crescer,
they've started growing,
de células cancerígenas.
cancer cells strong.
mais mortíferos, mais cedo,
deadly cancers sooner,
miniaturization might get us there.
a miniaturização pode levar-nos lá.
num laboratório comum,
para observar uma amostra de tecido,
for looking at a tissue specimen,
ou um teste de Papanicolau.
com anos de treino especializado
with years of specialized training
of mine at Rice University,
minha na Universidade de Rice,
is miniaturize that whole microscope
foi miniaturizar aquele microscópio,
de uma fibra ótica.
of an optical fiber.
of taking a sample from a patient
retirar uma amostra de um paciente,
até ao paciente.
to the patient.
a specialist to look at the images,
especialista para observar as imagens,
normal versus cancerous cells.
células normais e cancerígenas.
working in rural communities,
ao trabalhar em comunidades rurais,
carrinha de rastreio móvel
a mobile screening van
realizar exames,
and perform exams
no hospital central,
hospital for analysis,
com um resultado de teste anormal,
with an abnormal test result
because they can't afford the trip.
porque não podem pagar a viagem.
and computer analysis,
e a análise por computador,
have been able to create a van
criar uma carrinha
and a treatment setup.
e de tratamento.
is that they can do a diagnosis
podem fazer um diagnóstico
deixa de ser acompanhado.
miniaturization can save lives.
a miniaturização pode salvar vidas.
as straight-up miniaturization.
verdadeira miniaturização.
e tornamo-la pequena.
and you made it little.
sobre os computadores
para serem levados para todo o lado.
for us to take them everywhere.
equivalent like that in medicine?
circulate in your body,
like science fiction.
permite-nos fazer isso mesmo.
allows us to do just that.
the parts that make up the detector
que formam o detetor
actually change their properties
mudam as suas propriedades
em nanopartículas douradas,
into gold nanoparticles,
dourado para vermelho.
gold to looking red.
like cadmium selenide --
como o seleneto de cádmio,
out of this material
amarelo, laranja ou vermelho,
yellow, orange, red,
like that in the macro world?
destes no mundo macroscópico?
nos nossos armários, feitas de algodão,
in your closet are all made of cotton,
dependendo apenas do seu tamanho.
depending only on their size.
the color of materials
corpo também muda.
in your body also changes.
that we're going to use
de cancro melhor.
into the blood vessel
no vaso sanguíneo
sanguínea até ao tumor.
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
of many tumors are leaky,
tumores têm perdas
passar da corrente para os tumores.
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
depends on their size.
com centenas de nanómetros estão a passar,
blue nanoparticles are leaking out,
nanómetros, vermelhas,
red nanoparticles
dos materiais que construo,
or small I make a material,
se desloca no nosso corpo.
a cancer nanodetector
um nanodetetor de cancro,
pelo corpo e procurar tumores.
into the body and look for tumors.
for tumor invasion:
a invasão dos tumores:
os tumores precisam para se espalharem.
that tumors need to make to spread.
of the tissue that it's born in,
do tecido onde nasceu,
chamados enzimas,
the scaffolding of tissues.
to be activated by these enzymes.
para serem ativadas por essas enzimas.
of these chemical reactions in an hour.
reações químicas por hora.
that one-to-a-thousand ratio
esta razão de um para mil
de cancro ultra sensível.
cancer detector.
signal to the outside world,
para o mundo exterior,
uma peça da nanobiologia,
one more piece of nanoscale biology,
and put waste into the urine.
e passar as impurezas para a urina.
do que cinco nanómetros
than five nanometers
do rim, para a urina.
through the kidney, into the urine,
that's bigger is retained.
cancer detector,
de 100 nanómetros
é ativado pelas enzimas tumorais,
where it's activated by tumor enzymes
filtered out of the kidney
para ser filtrado pelo rim
exterior que podemos detetar.
that I can detect.
como engenheiros.
that we designed as engineers.
e podemos desenhá-las
and we can design them
com uma ferramenta à nossa escolha.
with our tool of choice.
muito sensível e aparatoso,
sensitive, fancy instrument
com uma massa específica.
with a unique mass.
that's more inexpensive and portable.
mais barato e portátil.
que podemos captar com papel,
that we can trap on paper,
de testes de papel
world of paper tests
chamada diagnósticos de papel.
in a field called paper diagnostics.
que nos façam avançar,
to keep us pushing forward,
os investigadores do cancro.
cancer researchers.
com a minha tecnologia,
will happen with my technology,
colocaremos os nossos corações e almas,
our hearts and souls
um equipamento de imagem caro,
an expensive screening facility
numa folha de papel.
da imagem de um smartphone.
on a smartphone.
isto a funcionar com ratos,
have this working in mice,
do que os métodos existentes
than existing methods
do cólon e dos ovários.
colon and ovarian cancer.
tumores em pacientes
detect tumors in patients
do início do seu crescimento,
after they've started growing,
to earlier treatments,
do que conseguimos hoje,
than we can today,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangeeta Bhatia - Physician, bioengineer and entrepreneurSangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation.
Why you should listen
Trained as both a physician and engineer at Harvard, MIT, and Brown University, Sangeeta Bhatia leverages 'tiny technologies' of miniaturization to yield inventions with new applications in tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, medical diagnostics, predictive toxicology and drug delivery. She and her trainees have launched more than 10 biotechnology companies to improve human health.
Bhatia has received many honors including the Lemelson-MIT Prize, known as the 'Oscar for inventors,' and the Heinz Medal for groundbreaking inventions and advocacy for women in STEM fields. She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, the Director of the Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Science and Brown University's Board of Trustees.
Sangeeta Bhatia | Speaker | TED.com