Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
جريج جايج: تجارب كهربائية على نباتات تعدّ وتتواصل
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
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the next generation of neuroscientists
من علماء الأعصاب
neuroscience research equipment
من مستوى الخريجين
in middle schools and high schools.
في المدارس المتوسطة والثانوية.
about the brain, which is very complex,
عن الدماغ، الذي هو في غاية التعقيد،
question about neuroscience,
عن علم الأعصاب،
أو كلبهم لديهم دماغ،
that their cat or dog has a brain,
أو حتى حشرة صغيرة لديهم دماغ،
or even a small insect has a brain,
that a plant or a tree
المساعدة قليلاً في وصف
help describe a little bit
living things have brains versus not?"
الكائنات الحية لديها دماغ أم لا؟"
with the classification
عادة ما يكون لها أدمغة.
because it is electrical.
to stimuli in the world
بسرعة للمؤثرات في العالم
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
أن النباتات ليست لديها أدمغة،
"ولكن هذه حركة بطيئة.
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
فقد تكون عملية كيميائية".
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
الحاكم الملكي لولاية كارولاينا الشمالية،
مصيدة فينوس (خناق الذباب)،
it made its way over to Europe,
شقت طريقها إلى أوروبا،
got to study this plant,
العظيم من دراسة هذه النبتة في النهاية،
plant in the world.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
بخصوص هذه النبتة.
is that the plant can count.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
مع التلاميذ في الفصول.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
of the body's electrical signal,
or from muscles.
أو من العضلات.
here on my wrists.
هنا على معصمي.
مألوفة بالنسبة لكم.
أو تخطيط كهربائية القلب.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
يعني أنه يتحرك بسرعة صعوداً ونزولاً،
the signal that you see here.
التي ترونها هنا.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
شكل ما سترونه هنا الآن،
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
ولكن الميموسا بوديكا (النبتة الخجولة)،
in Central America and South America,
وأمريكا الجنوبية،
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
أنها بهذا تخيف الحشرات،
Now, that's interesting.
هذا هو المثير للاهتمام.
the electrical potential from my body,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
لهذه النبتة هنا، هذه الميموسا.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
هو أنني قمت بلف سلك حول الجذع،
engineering joke. Alright.
مهندسين كهربائيين. لا بأس.
and tap the leaf here,
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
علي تصغيره.
that is happening inside the plant.
to the end of the stem,
حتى نهاية الجذع،
we would move our muscles,
it opens up, releases the water,
تنفتح، وتحرر الماء،
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
وهو يشفر معلومات للحركة. اتفقنا؟
the Venus flytrap here,
مصيدة فينوس هنا،
at what happens inside the leaf
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
وهن شعيرات إثارة.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
عن سلوك مصيدة الذباب.
a long time to open the traps back up --
لتعيد فتح المصايد،
if there's no fly inside of it.
إذا لم تكن بداخلها ذبابة.
that many flies throughout the year.
كمية كبيرة من الذباب على مدار العام.
على معظم طاقتها من الشمس.
most of its energy from the sun.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
ببعض العناصر الغذائية في التربة ليس إلا.
a handful of times
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
قبل أن تنغلق مصيدة الذباب.
لتلك الشعيرات.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
أن الذبابة والشعيرة سيتلامسان،
that it's going to be clicked together,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
عندها ستنغلق مصيدة الذباب.
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
ألمس الشعيرة مرة ثانية.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
هناك ذبابة داخل المصيدة،
what the Tigers' score is.
self-actualization problems.
هو شيء مشابه جداً لما لدينا،
is something that's very similar to us,
to communicate using electricity.
أيونات مختلفة قليلاً عن ما لدينا،
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
plant-to-plant communicator,
من أنواع مختلفة خاصتنا،
is we've created a brand new experiment
هو أننا ألفنا تجربة جديدة كلياً
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
الناشئ من مصيدة فينوس،
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
من نبتة إلى أخرى.
شيئاً عن النباتات،
something about plants today,
في تدريس علم الأعصاب.
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com