Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Elektromos kísérletek számoló és egymással kommunikáló növényekkel
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
a következő neurológus-generációt.
neuroscience research equipment
kutatófelszerelést,
in middle schools and high schools.
gyerekek kezébe adjuk.
about the brain, which is very complex,
működéséről, ami nagyon bonyolult,
question about neuroscience,
neurológiai kérdés teszünk fel,
that their cat or dog has a brain,
a macskájuknak, a kutyájuknak van agya,
or even a small insect has a brain,
és a csöppnyi rovaroknak is van agya,
that a plant or a tree
hogy egy növénynek, fának
help describe a little bit
living things have brains versus not?"
van agya, melyiknek nincs?"
with the classification
because it is electrical.
mert elektromos.
to stimuli in the world
a külvilág ingereire,
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
a növényeknek nincs agya,
"But that's a slow movement.
"De az lassú mozgás.
That could be a chemical process."
Az vegyi folyamat lehet."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
Észak-Karolina gyarmati kormányzója
aminek a levele azonnal összezárult,
it made its way over to Europe,
elterjedt Európában,
got to study this plant,
tanulmányozta,
plant in the world.
legcsodálatosabb növénye.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
cifrábbakat meséljek róla.
is that the plant can count.
még számolni is tud.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
amit az osztályban a gyerekeknek szoktunk.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
fogunk végrehajtani,
of the body's electrical signal,
or from muscles.
vagy az izmokból erednek.
here on my wrists.
ide a csuklómra.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
akciós potenciált.
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
az akció pedig gyors hullámzó mozgást,
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
ezt a formát, amit itt látnak,
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
szépen felpöndörödnek.
could be that it scares away insects
hogy így riasztja el a rovarokat,
a növényevőket.
Now, that's interesting.
Nos, ez érdekes kérdés.
the electrical potential from my body,
a testem elektromos potenciálját,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
potenciálját fogjuk rögzíteni.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
és a növény szára köré tekerem,
engineering joke. Alright.
Elnézést.
and tap the leaf here,
és rákoppintok a levelére,
at the electrical recording
a növény belsejében készült
I've got to scale it down.
hogy lejjebb kell tekernem!
that is happening inside the plant.
akciós potenciál.
érzékelő receptoraihoz,
to the end of the stem,
az egész száron,
we would move our muscles,
it opens up, releases the water,
kieresztik a vizet,
and the leaf falls.
és a levél lekonyul.
encoding information to move. Alright?
ami mozgásra késztető információt küld.
the Venus flytrap here,
a Vénusz légycsapóját,
at what happens inside the leaf
a levelei belsejében,
to be a fly right now.
ide leszálló légy lennék.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
azok az érzőserték.
one of the hairs right now.
az egyik szőrszálat.
a beautiful action potential.
akciós potenciált!
about the behavior of the flytrap.
a légycsapda működéséről.
a long time to open the traps back up --
sokára nyílnak ki –
if there's no fly inside of it.
még ha nincs is benne légy.
that many flies throughout the year.
elfogyasztania az év során.
most of its energy from the sun.
nagy részét a napból nyeri.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
a légy elfogyasztásával.
a handful of times
és csukódnak a csapdák,
to make really darn sure
kell lennie abban,
before the flytrap snaps shut.
mielőtt a csapda bezárul.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
igen nagy a valószínűsége,
that it's going to be clicked together,
akkor a csapda be fog zárulni,
megjelenésekor
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
mire eléri a húszat,
then the flytrap will close.
akkor be fog csukódni.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
amikor újra megérintem a sertéit.
We get a second action potential,
csukódik össze.
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
egészen konkrét számítást végez.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
a csapda belsejében,
what the Tigers' score is.
pontszámaira.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
abban nagyon is hasonlít hozzánk:
to communicate using electricity.
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
hogy az egyes növényfajták között
plant-to-plant communicator,
közötti kommunikátorunk,
is we've created a brand new experiment
kísérletet dolgoztunk ki,
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
légycsapójának akciós potenciálját,
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
vissza az információt.
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
a mimóza viselkedését anélkül,
and trigger this mimosa right now
ezt a mimózát azzal,
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
és az információt küld a másiknak.
something about plants today,
némi tudást átadnom a növényekről,
to help teach neuroscience
a neurológia-oktatásban is,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com