Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Грег Гейдж: Электрические эксперименты с растениями, которые умеют считать и общаться
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
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the next generation of neuroscientists
будущее поколение нейробиологов,
neuroscience research equipment
in middle schools and high schools.
средней и старшей школ.
about the brain, which is very complex,
о таком сложном органе, как мозге,
question about neuroscience,
вопрос из нейробиологии,
that their cat or dog has a brain,
что мозг есть у собаки или кошки,
or even a small insect has a brain,
у мышей и даже у насекомых,
that a plant or a tree
что у растения, дерева
help describe a little bit
living things have brains versus not?"
обеспечивает мозгом, а других — нет?»
with the classification
скорее всего, обладает мозгом.
because it is electrical.
потому что она электрическая.
to stimuli in the world
поэтому мы быстро реагируем
при необходимости.
and push back on a student,
вы говорите ученику:
you say that plants don't have brains,
"But that's a slow movement.
«Но это же медленное движение.
That could be a chemical process."
это химический процесс».
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
губернатор Северной Каролины,
которое захлопывалось каждый раз,
it made its way over to Europe,
распространилось по всей Европе,
got to study this plant,
занялся великий Чарльз Дарвин,
plant in the world.
прекрасным растением в мире.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
что тоже редкость.
about this plant.
вещь в этом растении.
is that the plant can count.
что оно умеет считать.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
с учениками делаем на уроках.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
по электрофизиологии,
of the body's electrical signal,
электрический сигнал тела,
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
or the electrocardiogram.
или электрокардиограмма.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
то, что он быстро движется вверх и вниз,
the signal that you see here.
который мы видим на экране.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
форму, которую мы здесь видим,
encodes information
к нашим растениям.
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
и Южной Америки,
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
что оно отпугивает насекомых
внимание травоядных.
Now, that's interesting.
the electrical potential from my body,
электрический сигнал своего тела,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
engineering joke. Alright.
инженеров-электриков. Хорошо.
and tap the leaf here,
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
Нужно уменьшить масштаб.
that is happening inside the plant.
который происходит внутри растения.
совершить движение. Так?
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
it opens up, releases the water,
оно высвобождает воду,
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
кодирует информацию для движения.
the Venus flytrap here,
венериной мухоловке —
at what happens inside the leaf
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
и спусковой механизм.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
Замечательный потенциал действия.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
о поведении мухоловки.
a long time to open the traps back up --
мухоловке требуется много времени —
if there's no fly inside of it.
если внутри нет мухи.
that many flies throughout the year.
ей нужно не так уж и много мух.
она получает от солнца.
most of its energy from the sun.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
питательные вещества из земли мухами.
a handful of times
по несколько раз,
to make really darn sure
стопроцентно уверена,
before the flytrap snaps shut.
до того, как мухоловка закроется.
touching of those hairs.
касаниями волосков.
that there's a high probability,
большая вероятность того,
that it's going to be clicked together,
они будут быстро повторяться,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
второй сигнал не поступит,
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
когда я дотрагиваюсь до ворсинок повторно.
We get a second action potential,
Второй потенциал действия,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
фактически делает вычисления.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
what the Tigers' score is.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
to communicate using electricity.
с помощью электричества.
different ions than we do,
другие ионы, в отличие от нас,
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
даже у человека.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
эти потенциалы действий
plant-to-plant communicator,
разновидовыми растениями,
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
потенциал действий венериной мухоловки
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
которые посылают информацию
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
от венериной мухоловки
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
до этой мимозы прямо сейчас
of the Venus flytrap.
венериной мухоловки.
about touch from one plant to another.
растения другому посредством касания.
немного больше о растениях,
something about plants today,
to help teach neuroscience
могут помочь в изучении нейробиологии
нейронной революции.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com