Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Des expériences avec de l'électricité et des plantes qui savent compter et communiquer
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
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the next generation of neuroscientists
génération de neuroscientifiques
neuroscience research equipment
de recherche universitaire
in middle schools and high schools.
des élèves de collège ou de lycée.
about the brain, which is very complex,
aussi complexe que le cerveau,
question about neuroscience,
sur les neurosciences
that their cat or dog has a brain,
ou leur chat ont un cerveau,
or even a small insect has a brain,
ou un petit insecte a un cerveau,
that a plant or a tree
qu'une plante, un arbre
help describe a little bit
décrire un peu
living things have brains versus not?"
en ont un et les autres choses non ? »
with the classification
car il est électrique.
because it is electrical.
to stimuli in the world
aux stimuli de ce monde
and push back on a student,
et pousser un élève plus loin,
you say that plants don't have brains,
n'ont pas de cerveau,
« Mais elle bouge lentement.
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
C'est peut-être un processus chimique. »
de manière rapide ?
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
gouverneur de la Caroline du Nord,
l'attrape-mouche,
it made its way over to Europe,
à se déplacer jusqu'en Europe,
got to study this plant,
l'a tout bonnement fasciné.
plant in the world.
la plus merveilleuse du monde.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
de l'évolution.
about this plant.
avec cette plante,
is that the plant can count.
par un peu de terminologie.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
avec mes élèves.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
en électrophysiologie,
of the body's electrical signal,
électrique du corps,
ou ceux des muscles.
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
on va voir un signal ici sur l'écran.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
des potentiels d'action,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
car il monte et descend vite,
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
la forme de ce qu'on voit ici,
encodes information
encode les informations
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
en Amérique centrale et du Sud,
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
de faire fuir les insectes
pour les herbivores.
Now, that's interesting.
savoir pourquoi.
the electrical potential from my body,
le potentiel électrique de mon corps,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
électrique de la plante, du mimosa.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
engineering joke. Alright.
d'ingénieur. D'accord.
and tap the leaf here,
at the electrical recording
électrique
I've got to scale it down.
que je dois le diminuer.
that is happening inside the plant.
qui se déroule dans la plante.
sur les récepteurs du toucher,
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
les muscles,
elle s'ouvre et libère de l'eau,
it opens up, releases the water,
and the leaf falls.
et la feuille tombe.
encoding information to move. Alright?
de l'information de mouvement.
the Venus flytrap here,
la dionée attrape-mouche,
at what happens inside the leaf
que se passe-t-il dans la feuille
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
on va voir trois petits poils,
and those are trigger hairs.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
Un beau potentiel d'action.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
comportement de l'attrape-mouche.
a long time to open the traps back up --
pour ouvrir le piège --
if there's no fly inside of it.
s'il n'y a pas de mouche à l'intérieur.
that many flies throughout the year.
beaucoup de mouches par an.
most of its energy from the sun.
vient surtout du soleil.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
de la terre par des mouches.
a handful of times
que quelques fois
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
avant que le piège ne se referme.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
that it's going to be clicked together,
elle se fermera ;
action potential,
et ne décharge pas à nouveau,
and it doesn't fire again,
then the flytrap will close.
le piège se ferme.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
quand je touche le poil à nouveau.
We get a second action potential,
Encore un potentiel d'action,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
fait un calcul.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
se trouve à l'intérieur,
what the Tigers' score is.
le score des Tigers,
self-actualization problems.
d'épanouissement.
is something that's very similar to us,
semblable à ce que nous possédons,
to communicate using electricity.
avec l'électricité.
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
des potentiels d'action,
la dionée attrape-mouche,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
plant-to-plant communicator,
entre les plantes d'espèces différentes,
is we've created a brand new experiment
tout à fait nouvelle
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
d'action de la dionée attrape-mouche,
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
qui envoient de l'information
of an action potential.
de potentiel d'action.
from the Venus flytrap
de l'attrape-mouche
all the stems of the mimosa?
du mimosa ?
the behavior of the mimosas
le comportement d'un mimosa
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
de la dionée attrape-mouche.
about touch from one plant to another.
sur le toucher d'une plante à l'autre.
something about plants today,
quelque chose sur les plantes,
se servir des plantes
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com