TED2017
Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Percobaan listrik pada tanaman yang bisa berhitung dan berkomunikasi
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Ahli neurosains Greg Gage membawa alat canggih yang digunakan untuk penelitian mengenai otak pada lab tingkat pascasarjana ke ruang kelas sekolah menengah (dan, terkadang, ke panggung TED). Bersiaplah untuk terpana saat ia menyambungkan Mimosa pudica, suatu tanaman yang daunnya bisa mengatup saat disentuh, dan tanaman Venus "flytrap" (penjebak lalat), pada alat EKG untuk menunjukkan pada kita bagaimana cara tanaman menggunakan sinyal listrik untuk menyampaikan informasi, memicu pergerakan, dan bahkan berhitung.
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a neuroscientist,
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Saya seorang ahli saraf,
dan saya membantu pendirian
Backyard Brains,
Backyard Brains,
00:14
and I'm the co-founder of Backyard Brains,
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00:16
and our mission is to train
the next generation of neuroscientists
the next generation of neuroscientists
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dan misi kami adalah melatih
calon generasi ilmuwan saraf berikutnya
calon generasi ilmuwan saraf berikutnya
00:20
by taking graduate-level
neuroscience research equipment
neuroscience research equipment
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dengan mengubah alat penelitian
neurosains tingkat pascasarjana
neurosains tingkat pascasarjana
00:23
and making it available for kids
in middle schools and high schools.
in middle schools and high schools.
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menjadi alat yang bisa dipakai oleh
anak-anak SMP dan SMA.
anak-anak SMP dan SMA.
00:27
And so when we go into the classroom,
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Saat kita masuk kelas,
00:29
one way to get them thinking
about the brain, which is very complex,
about the brain, which is very complex,
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salah satu cara membuat mereka berpikir
tentang otak, yang sangatlah rumit,
tentang otak, yang sangatlah rumit,
adalah dengan memberi pertanyaan
sederhana tentang neurosains,
sederhana tentang neurosains,
00:33
is to ask them a very simple
question about neuroscience,
question about neuroscience,
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00:36
and that is, "What has a brain?"
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yaitu, "Makhluk apa yang punya otak?"
00:39
When we ask that,
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Saat kami menanyakannya,
00:40
students will instantly tell you
that their cat or dog has a brain,
that their cat or dog has a brain,
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para murid segera menjawab bahwa
kucing dan anjing punya otak,
kucing dan anjing punya otak,
00:44
and most will say that a mouse
or even a small insect has a brain,
or even a small insect has a brain,
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dan hampir semua akan mengatakan bahwa
tikus bahkan serangga kecil punya otak,
tikus bahkan serangga kecil punya otak,
00:49
but almost nobody says
that a plant or a tree
that a plant or a tree
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namun hampir semua tidak menyebut
tanaman atau pohon
tanaman atau pohon
00:51
or a shrub has a brain.
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atau semak punya otak.
00:54
And so when you push --
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Saat kita tanya lebih jauh --
00:56
because this could actually
help describe a little bit
help describe a little bit
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karena hal ini bisa sedikit
membantu mendeskripsikan
membantu mendeskripsikan
00:59
how the brain actually functions --
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bagaimana cara kerja otak sebenarnya --
01:01
so you push and say,
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saat kita tanya lagi,
"Mengapa ada makhluk hidup
yang punya otak dan ada yang tidak?"
yang punya otak dan ada yang tidak?"
01:02
"Well, what is it that makes
living things have brains versus not?"
living things have brains versus not?"
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01:06
And often they'll come back
with the classification
with the classification
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Sering mereka menjawabnya
berdasarkan pengelompokkan
berdasarkan pengelompokkan
01:08
that things that move tend to have brains.
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bahwa makhluk yang bergerak
biasanya punya otak.
biasanya punya otak.
01:12
And that's absolutely correct.
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Jawaban itu sangat tepat.
01:14
Our nervous system evolved
because it is electrical.
because it is electrical.
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Sistem saraf berevolusi
karena memanfaatkan listrik.
karena memanfaatkan listrik.
01:16
It's fast, so we can quickly respond
to stimuli in the world
to stimuli in the world
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Karena prosesnya cepat, kita bisa
merespons stimulus dengan singkat
merespons stimulus dengan singkat
01:19
and move if we need to.
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dan bergerak jika dibutuhkan.
Tetapi kita masih bisa mendesak lagi,
01:21
But you can go back
and push back on a student,
and push back on a student,
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01:24
and say, "Well, you know,
you say that plants don't have brains,
you say that plants don't have brains,
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dan membantah, "kamu bilang
tanaman tak punya otak,
tanaman tak punya otak,
tetapi tanaman bisa bergerak."
01:27
but plants do move."
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Semua yang pernah menanam
01:28
Anyone who has grown a plant
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pasti sadar bahwa
tanaman akan bergerak
tanaman akan bergerak
01:30
has noticed that the plant will move
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dan mengarah ke matahari.
01:32
and face the sun.
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Mereka akan menjawab,
"Itu kan gerak lambat.
"Itu kan gerak lambat.
01:34
But they'll say,
"But that's a slow movement.
"But that's a slow movement.
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Tidak bisa disamakan.
Itu mungkin proses kimiawi."
Itu mungkin proses kimiawi."
01:36
You know, that doesn't count.
That could be a chemical process."
That could be a chemical process."
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Lalu bagaimana dengan tanaman
yang bergerak cepat?
yang bergerak cepat?
01:39
But what about fast-moving plants?
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01:42
Now, in 1760, Arthur Dobbs,
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
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Pada tahun 1760, Arthur Dobbs,
Gubernur Kerajaan di Carolina Utara,
Gubernur Kerajaan di Carolina Utara,
menemukan hal yang sangat menarik.
01:47
made a pretty fascinating discovery.
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Di rawa belakang rumahnya,
01:49
In the swamps behind his house,
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01:52
he found a plant that would spring shut
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ia menemukan sebuah tanaman
yang akan mengatup cepat
yang akan mengatup cepat
01:56
every time a bug would fall in between it.
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setiap kali ada serangga hinggap
di antara daunnya.
di antara daunnya.
01:59
He called this plant the flytrap,
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Ia menyebutnya tanaman
"flytrap" (penjebak lalat),
"flytrap" (penjebak lalat),
02:02
and within a decade,
it made its way over to Europe,
it made its way over to Europe,
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dan dalam kurun satu dekade,
tanaman itu mencapai Eropa,
tanaman itu mencapai Eropa,
02:05
where eventually the great Charles Darwin
got to study this plant,
got to study this plant,
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hingga akhirnya Charles Darwin
bisa mempelajari tanaman ini,
bisa mempelajari tanaman ini,
02:09
and this plant absolutely blew him away.
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dan tanaman ini mengejutkannya.
02:11
He called it the most wonderful
plant in the world.
plant in the world.
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Ia menyebutnya sebagai
tanaman paling ajaib di dunia.
tanaman paling ajaib di dunia.
02:13
This is a plant
that was an evolutionary wonder.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
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Tanaman ini adalah keajaiban evolusi.
02:16
This is a plant that moves quickly,
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Tanaman ini bisa bergerak dengan cepat,
02:18
which is rare,
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hal yang langka,
02:19
and it's carnivorous, which is also rare.
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dan tanaman karnivora,
yang juga langka.
yang juga langka.
02:21
And this is in the same plant.
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Dua hal langka
di satu tanaman.
di satu tanaman.
02:22
But I'm here today to tell you
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Tetapi akan saya perlihatkan
02:24
that's not even the coolest thing
about this plant.
about this plant.
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bahwa bukan cuma itu yang keren
dari tanaman ini.
dari tanaman ini.
02:26
The coolest thing
is that the plant can count.
is that the plant can count.
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Yang paling keren adalah
tanaman ini bisa berhitung.
tanaman ini bisa berhitung.
02:30
So in order to show that,
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Untuk menunjukkannya,
02:31
we have to get some vocabulary
out of the way.
out of the way.
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kita harus kenali dulu
istilah-istilahnya.
istilah-istilahnya.
Saya akan ulangi percobaan yang saya
lakukan di kelas bersama siswa-siswa.
lakukan di kelas bersama siswa-siswa.
02:34
So I'm going to do what we do
in the classroom with students.
in the classroom with students.
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02:37
We're going to do
an experiment on electrophysiology,
an experiment on electrophysiology,
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Kita akan melakukan
percobaan elektrofisiologi,
percobaan elektrofisiologi,
02:41
which is the recording
of the body's electrical signal,
of the body's electrical signal,
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yaitu merekam sinyal listrik tubuh,
02:44
either coming from neurons
or from muscles.
or from muscles.
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baik yang berasal dari neuron
maupun dari otot.
maupun dari otot.
02:46
And I'm putting some electrodes
here on my wrists.
here on my wrists.
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Saya pasang elektroda
di pergelangan tangan.
di pergelangan tangan.
02:49
As I hook them up,
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Saat saya sambungkan,
02:50
we're going to be able to see a signal
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kita akan dapat melihat sinyal itu
02:52
on the screen here.
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pada layar ini.
02:54
And this signal may be familiar to you.
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Sinyal ini mungkin tak asing bagi Anda.
02:56
It's called the EKG,
or the electrocardiogram.
or the electrocardiogram.
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Ini disebut EKG, atau elektrokardiogram.
02:58
And this is coming
from neurons in my heart
from neurons in my heart
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Sinyal ini berasal dari
neuron di jantung saya
neuron di jantung saya
03:00
that are firing
what's called action potentials,
what's called action potentials,
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yang sedang menembakkan
potensial aksi,
potensial aksi,
03:03
potential meaning voltage and action
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
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potensial berarti voltase sedangkan aksi
berarti bergerak cepat naik dan turun,
berarti bergerak cepat naik dan turun,
03:07
which causes my heart to fire,
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yang membuat
jantung saya terpacu
jantung saya terpacu
03:08
which then causes
the signal that you see here.
the signal that you see here.
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dan itu menimbulkan sinyal
yang Anda lihat di sini.
yang Anda lihat di sini.
Tolong diingat-ingat bentuk
yang tampak di sini,
yang tampak di sini,
03:11
And so I want you to remember the shape
of what we'll be looking at right here,
of what we'll be looking at right here,
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karena nanti ini sangat penting.
03:15
because this is going to be important.
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Ini adalah cara otak menyandi informasi
03:17
This is a way that the brain
encodes information
encodes information
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dalam bentuk potensial aksi.
03:19
in the form of an action potential.
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Sekarang kita pasang ini pada tanaman.
03:21
So now let's turn to some plants.
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03:24
So I'm going to first
introduce you to the mimosa,
introduce you to the mimosa,
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Saya perkenalkan terlebih dahulu
tanaman mimosa,
tanaman mimosa,
bukan minuman mimosa,
tetapi tanaman Mimosa pudica,
tetapi tanaman Mimosa pudica,
03:28
not the drink, but the Mimosa pudica,
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tanaman yang berasal dari Amerika Tengah
dan Amerika Selatan,
dan Amerika Selatan,
03:31
and this is a plant that's found
in Central America and South America,
in Central America and South America,
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dan punya beberapa perilaku unik.
03:35
and it has behaviors.
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03:37
And the first behavior
I'm going to show you
I'm going to show you
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Perilaku pertama akan saya tunjukkan
03:39
is if I touch the leaves here,
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jika saya sentuh daunnya di bagian ini,
03:41
you get to see that the leaves
tend to curl up.
tend to curl up.
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lihatlah daunnya akan cenderung mengatup.
03:45
And then the second behavior is,
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Perilaku yang kedua adalah,
jika saya ketuk daunnya,
03:47
if I tap the leaf,
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03:49
the entire branch seems to fall down.
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satu keseluruhan cabang akan layu.
03:51
So why does it do that?
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Mengapa mimosa melakukannya?
03:53
It's not really known to science.
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Belum banyak terkuak oleh sains.
03:54
One of the reasons why
could be that it scares away insects
could be that it scares away insects
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Salah satu alasannya mungkin
untuk menakuti serangga
untuk menakuti serangga
atau agar tampak tak menarik
bagi herbivora.
bagi herbivora.
03:58
or it looks less appealing to herbivores.
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Tetapi bagaimana caranya?
Ini sungguh menarik.
Ini sungguh menarik.
04:00
But how does it do that?
Now, that's interesting.
Now, that's interesting.
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Kita bisa melakukan
percobaan untuk tahu itu.
percobaan untuk tahu itu.
04:02
We can do an experiment to find out.
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Yang akan kita lakukan adalah,
04:04
So what we're going to do now,
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seperti tadi saya merekam
potensial listrik tubuh saya,
potensial listrik tubuh saya,
04:06
just like I recorded
the electrical potential from my body,
the electrical potential from my body,
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04:09
we're going to record the electrical
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
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kita akan merekam potensial listrik
tanaman mimosa ini.
tanaman mimosa ini.
04:13
And so what we're going to do
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
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Saya sudah pasangkan kawat
di sekeliling batangnya,
di sekeliling batangnya,
dan di mana saya pasangkan
elektroda ground?
elektroda ground?
04:19
and I've got the ground electrode where?
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04:22
In the ground. It's an electrical
engineering joke. Alright.
engineering joke. Alright.
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Di tanah. Ini lelucon
dunia teknik elektro.
dunia teknik elektro.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
04:26
Alright. So I'm going to go ahead
and tap the leaf here,
and tap the leaf here,
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Saya akan ketuk daun di bagian ini,
perhatikanlah rekaman listriknya
04:29
and I want you to look
at the electrical recording
at the electrical recording
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yang akan terdeteksi dari dalam tanaman.
04:31
that we're going to see inside the plant.
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04:34
Whoa. It is so big,
I've got to scale it down.
I've got to scale it down.
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Wah. Besar sekali.
Saya akan memperkecil tampilannya.
Saya akan memperkecil tampilannya.
04:37
Alright. So what is that?
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Apakah itu?
04:38
That is an action potential
that is happening inside the plant.
that is happening inside the plant.
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Itulah potensial aksi yang
sedang terjadi di dalam tanaman.
sedang terjadi di dalam tanaman.
Mengapa ini terjadi?
04:41
Why was it happening?
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Karena ia ingin bergerak, kan?
04:43
Because it wanted to move. Right?
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Jadi saat saya menyentuh
reseptor sentuhan,
reseptor sentuhan,
04:44
And so when I hit the touch receptors,
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tanaman mengirimkan voltase
menuju pangkal tangkai,
menuju pangkal tangkai,
04:47
it sent a voltage all the way down
to the end of the stem,
to the end of the stem,
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yang memicunya bergerak.
04:51
which caused it to move.
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Pada lengan kita,
ototlah yang akan digerakkan,
ototlah yang akan digerakkan,
04:52
And now, in our arms,
we would move our muscles,
we would move our muscles,
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tetapi tanaman tidak punya otot.
04:54
but the plant doesn't have muscles.
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Yang ia punya adalah air di dalam sel
04:56
What it has is water inside the cells
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maka saat voltase mencapainya,
sel akan melepaskan air,
sel akan melepaskan air,
04:58
and when the voltage hits it,
it opens up, releases the water,
it opens up, releases the water,
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mengubah bentuk sel,
menyebabkan daun layu.
menyebabkan daun layu.
05:01
changes the shape of the cells,
and the leaf falls.
and the leaf falls.
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05:04
OK. So here we see an action potential
encoding information to move. Alright?
encoding information to move. Alright?
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Jadi di sini tampak bahwa potensial aksi
membawa perintah untuk bergerak. Betul?
membawa perintah untuk bergerak. Betul?
Bisakah lebih dari itu?
05:09
But can it do more?
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Mari kita cari tahu.
05:10
So let's go to find out.
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Kita akan meneliti
tanaman Venus "flytrap" ini,
tanaman Venus "flytrap" ini,
05:12
We're going to go to our good friend,
the Venus flytrap here,
the Venus flytrap here,
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05:15
and we're going to take a look
at what happens inside the leaf
at what happens inside the leaf
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dan kita akan lihat
yang akan terjadi di dalam daunnya
yang akan terjadi di dalam daunnya
saat disentuh oleh
lalat yang menghinggapinya.
lalat yang menghinggapinya.
05:19
when a fly lands on here.
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Saya akan pura-pura sebagai lalat.
05:21
So I'm going to pretend
to be a fly right now.
to be a fly right now.
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Inilah tanaman Venus "flytrap",
05:24
And now here's my Venus flytrap,
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di dalam daunnya, dapat kita lihat
05:26
and inside the leaf,
you're going to notice
you're going to notice
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05:28
that there are three little hairs here,
and those are trigger hairs.
and those are trigger hairs.
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terdapat tiga rambut kecil,
yang disebut rambut pemicu.
yang disebut rambut pemicu.
05:31
And so when a fly lands --
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Jadi ketika lalat hinggap --
05:32
I'm going to touch
one of the hairs right now.
one of the hairs right now.
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Saya akan menyentuh
salah satu rambutnya.
salah satu rambutnya.
05:35
Ready? One, two, three.
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Siap? Satu, dua, tiga.
05:39
What do we get? We get
a beautiful action potential.
a beautiful action potential.
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Apa yang tampak?
Kita melihat satu potensial aksi.
Kita melihat satu potensial aksi.
Tetapi, Venus "flytrap" ini tidak menutup.
05:41
However, the flytrap doesn't close.
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Untuk memahami alasannya,
05:44
And to understand why that is,
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kita harus belajar tentang
perilaku tanaman "flytrap" ini.
perilaku tanaman "flytrap" ini.
05:46
we need to know a little bit more
about the behavior of the flytrap.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
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Pertama, dibutuhkan waktu lama
untuk membuka kembali daun itu --
untuk membuka kembali daun itu --
05:49
Number one is that it takes
a long time to open the traps back up --
a long time to open the traps back up --
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yaitu sekitar 24 hingga 48 jam
jika tidak ada lalat di dalamnya.
jika tidak ada lalat di dalamnya.
05:52
you know, about 24 to 48 hours
if there's no fly inside of it.
if there's no fly inside of it.
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Jadi, hal ini butuh banyak energi.
05:56
And so it takes a lot of energy.
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Kedua, tanaman ini tidak perlu makan
banyak lalat dalam setahun.
banyak lalat dalam setahun.
05:58
And two, it doesn't need to eat
that many flies throughout the year.
that many flies throughout the year.
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Cukup beberapa. Kebanyakan energi
didapat dari matahari.
didapat dari matahari.
06:01
Only a handful. It gets
most of its energy from the sun.
most of its energy from the sun.
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Ia mencoba untuk mencukupi
nutrisi yang kurang dari tanah.
nutrisi yang kurang dari tanah.
06:04
It's just trying to replace
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
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Ketiga,
06:07
And the third thing is,
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Daun penjebak dapat membuka
dan menutup beberapa kali saja
dan menutup beberapa kali saja
06:09
it only opens then closes the traps
a handful of times
a handful of times
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sebelum daun itu akhirnya mati.
06:12
until that trap dies.
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06:14
So therefore, it wants
to make really darn sure
to make really darn sure
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Maka, tanaman ini harus
benar-benar memastikan
benar-benar memastikan
bahwa ada makanan di dalam daun penjebak
sebelum ia menutupnya.
sebelum ia menutupnya.
06:16
that there's a meal inside of it
before the flytrap snaps shut.
before the flytrap snaps shut.
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Bagaimana ia melakukannya?
06:21
So how does it do that?
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06:23
It counts the number of seconds
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Ia menghitung lamanya jeda
di antara sentuhan yang berurutan
pada rambut itu.
pada rambut itu.
06:25
between successive
touching of those hairs.
touching of those hairs.
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Alasannya, kemungkinan terdapat lalat
di dalam daun akan lebih besar,
di dalam daun akan lebih besar,
06:29
And so the idea is
that there's a high probability,
that there's a high probability,
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06:31
if there's a fly inside of there,
that it's going to be clicked together,
that it's going to be clicked together,
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jika jeda sentuhan tidak lama,
jadi saat muncul
potensial aksi yang pertama,
potensial aksi yang pertama,
06:35
and so when it gets the first
action potential,
action potential,
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ia menghitung, satu, dua,
06:37
it starts counting, one, two,
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jika sampai 20 tidak ada
potensial aksi baru,
potensial aksi baru,
06:38
and if it gets to 20
and it doesn't fire again,
and it doesn't fire again,
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daun tidak akan mengatup,
06:41
then it's not going to close,
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tetapi jika terjadi dalam rentang itu,
daun akan mengatup.
daun akan mengatup.
06:42
but if it does it within there,
then the flytrap will close.
then the flytrap will close.
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Kita akan ulangi lagi sekarang.
06:45
So we're going to go back now.
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Akan saya sentuh lagi tanamannya.
06:46
I'm going to touch
the Venus flytrap again.
the Venus flytrap again.
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Saya telah berbicara lebih dari 20 detik.
06:48
I've been talking
for more than 20 seconds.
for more than 20 seconds.
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Kita akan lihat apa yang akan terjadi
saat saya sentuh rambut kedua kalinya.
saat saya sentuh rambut kedua kalinya.
06:50
So we can see what happens
when I touch the hair a second time.
when I touch the hair a second time.
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06:55
So what do we get?
We get a second action potential,
We get a second action potential,
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Apa yang kita dapat?
Muncul potensial aksi kedua,
Muncul potensial aksi kedua,
06:58
but again, the leaf doesn't close.
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lagi-lagi, daun tidak menutup.
07:00
So now if I go back in there
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Sekarang kita coba lagi
seolah saya seekor lalat
yang bergerak-gerak,
yang bergerak-gerak,
07:02
and if I'm a fly moving around,
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saya akan sentuh rambut itu beberapa kali.
07:04
I'm going to be touching
the leaf a few times.
the leaf a few times.
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saya akan sapukan kuas beberapa kali.
07:06
I'm going to go and brush it a few times.
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Dan seketika,
07:08
And immediately,
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tanaman "flytrap" menutup.
07:10
the flytrap closes.
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Di sini kita lihat tanaman venus
melakukan perhitungan.
melakukan perhitungan.
07:11
So here we are seeing the flytrap
actually doing a computation.
actually doing a computation.
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Ia harus menentukan apakah
terdapat lalat di dalamnya,
terdapat lalat di dalamnya,
07:16
It's determining
if there's a fly inside the trap,
if there's a fly inside the trap,
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lalu menutupnya.
07:18
and then it closes.
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Mari kita kembali ke pertanyaan awal kita.
07:20
So let's go back to our original question.
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07:23
Do plants have brains?
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Apakah tanaman memiliki otak?
Jawabannya tidak.
07:25
Well, the answer is no.
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Tidak ada otak di sini.
07:27
There's no brains in here.
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Tidak ada akson ataupun neuron.
07:28
There's no axons, no neurons.
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07:32
It doesn't get depressed.
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Tanaman tidak bisa depresi.
Ia tidak ingin tahu skor tim Tiger.
07:33
It doesn't want to know
what the Tigers' score is.
what the Tigers' score is.
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Ia tak punya masalah aktualisasi diri.
07:36
It doesn't have
self-actualization problems.
self-actualization problems.
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Tetapi ia juga punya proses
yang sangat mirip dengan kita,
yang sangat mirip dengan kita,
07:38
But what it does have
is something that's very similar to us,
is something that's very similar to us,
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yaitu kemampuan berkomunikasi
menggunakan listrik.
menggunakan listrik.
07:41
which is the ability
to communicate using electricity.
to communicate using electricity.
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Ia hanya menggunakan ion-ion
yang berbeda dari kita,
yang berbeda dari kita,
07:44
It just uses slightly
different ions than we do,
different ions than we do,
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tetapi dasar kerjanya sama.
07:47
but it's actually doing the same thing.
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Ini menunjukan pada Anda
07:49
So just to show you
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bahwa potensial aksi ini
dipakai oleh berbagai organisme,
dipakai oleh berbagai organisme,
07:51
the ubiquitous nature
of these action potentials,
of these action potentials,
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kita melihatnya di tanaman Venus,
07:54
we saw it in the Venus flytrap,
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kita juga melihatnya pada mimosa.
07:56
we've seen an action
potential in the mimosa.
potential in the mimosa.
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Bahkan kita melihatnya pada manusia.
07:59
We've even seen
an action potential in a human.
an action potential in a human.
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08:01
Now, this is the euro of the brain.
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Potensial aksi ini adalah
alat percakapan pada otak.
alat percakapan pada otak.
Ini adalah cara untuk
penyampaian informasi.
penyampaian informasi.
08:04
It's the way that all
information is passed.
information is passed.
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Maka kita bisa menggunakan
potensial aksi ini
potensial aksi ini
08:06
And so what we can do
is we can use those action potentials
is we can use those action potentials
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untuk menyampaikan informasi
08:09
to pass information
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antar spesies tanaman.
08:11
between species of plants.
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Inilah alat komunikator
antar spesies tanaman milik kami,
antar spesies tanaman milik kami,
08:13
And so this is our interspecies
plant-to-plant communicator,
plant-to-plant communicator,
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kami menciptakan percobaan baru
08:17
and what we've done
is we've created a brand new experiment
is we've created a brand new experiment
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yaitu dengan merekam potensial aksi
dari tanaman Venus,
dari tanaman Venus,
08:20
where we're going to record
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
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kemudian mengirimkannya ke
tanaman mimosa yang sensitif.
tanaman mimosa yang sensitif.
08:24
and we're going to send it
into the sensitive mimosa.
into the sensitive mimosa.
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Ingatlah apa yang terjadi
08:27
So I want you to recall what happens
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saat kita menyentuh daun mimosa.
08:28
when we touch the leaves of the mimosa.
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Reseptor sentuhannya mengirimkan informasi
08:30
It has touch receptors
that are sending that information
that are sending that information
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dalam bentuk potensial aksi.
08:33
back down in the form
of an action potential.
of an action potential.
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08:35
And so what would happen
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Lalu apa yang akan terjadi
jika kita mengambil potensial aksi
dari tanaman Venus "flytrap" ini
dari tanaman Venus "flytrap" ini
08:36
if we took the action potential
from the Venus flytrap
from the Venus flytrap
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dan mengirimkannya
ke seluruh batang mimosa?
ke seluruh batang mimosa?
08:40
and sent it into
all the stems of the mimosa?
all the stems of the mimosa?
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08:44
We should be able to create
the behavior of the mimosas
the behavior of the mimosas
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Mestinya kita bisa memicu
perilaku mimosa
perilaku mimosa
tanpa harus menyentuhnya
secara langsung.
secara langsung.
08:47
without actually touching it ourselves.
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Jadi izinkan saya,
08:49
And so if you'll allow me,
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08:51
I'm going to go ahead
and trigger this mimosa right now
and trigger this mimosa right now
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untuk memicu mimosa yang ini
08:54
by touching on the hairs
of the Venus flytrap.
of the Venus flytrap.
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dengan menyentuh rambut
pada tanaman Venus "flytrap."
pada tanaman Venus "flytrap."
Kita akan mengirimkan informasi sentuhan
dari satu tanaman ke tanaman lain.
dari satu tanaman ke tanaman lain.
08:58
So we're going to send information
about touch from one plant to another.
about touch from one plant to another.
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09:06
So there you see it.
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Lihatlah.
09:08
So --
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Jadi --
09:09
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
Semoga Anda mendapat tambahan
pengetahuan tentang tanaman.
pengetahuan tentang tanaman.
09:15
So I hope you learned a little bit,
something about plants today,
something about plants today,
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Dan tak hanya itu.
09:18
and not only that.
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Anda belajar bahwa tanaman bisa dipakai
untuk mengajar neurosains
untuk mengajar neurosains
09:19
You learned that plants could be used
to help teach neuroscience
to help teach neuroscience
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dan juga mengawali evolusi neurosains.
09:23
and bring along the neurorevolution.
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Terima kasih.
09:24
Thank you.
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09:26
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com