Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Sayan ve iletişim kuran bitkilerle yapılan elektrik deneyleri
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
gelecek nesil sinir bilimcilerini
neuroscience research equipment
ekipmanlarını alarak eğitmek
in middle schools and high schools.
öğrencilerinin de faydalanmasını sağlamak.
about the brain, which is very complex,
düşünmelerini sağlamanın bir yolu,
question about neuroscience,
çok basit bir soru sormak
that their cat or dog has a brain,
veya köpeklerinin beyni olduğu olacaktır
or even a small insect has a brain,
böceğin bir beyni olduğunu söyleyecektir,
that a plant or a tree
bir bitkinin veya ağacın
help describe a little bit
nasıl çalıştığını tanımlamada
living things have brains versus not?"
olmasmasını sağlayan şey nedir?"
with the classification
beyinleri olduğuna dair
because it is electrical.
elektrikli olduğu için evrildi.
to stimuli in the world
hemen cevap verebiliyor
şöyle zorlayabilirsiniz:
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
Kimyasal bir işlem olabilir."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
Arthur Dobbs
it made its way over to Europe,
Avrupa'ya kadar yayıldı,
got to study this plant,
bu bitki üzerinde çalıştı
plant in the world.
olduğunu söyledi.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
is that the plant can count.
bu bitkinin sayabiliyor olması.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
yaptığımız şeyi yapacağım.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
bir deney yapacağız,
of the body's electrical signal,
veya kaslardan gelen
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
elektrotlar bağlıyorum.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
şeyi ateşleyen
what's called action potentials,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
yukarı aşağı hızlı hareket eder demek,
the signal that you see here.
sinyalleri oluşturuyor.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
şeklini hatırlamanızı istiyorum
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
mimoza ile tanıştırayım,
in Central America and South America,
bulunan bir bitki
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
böcekleri korkutup kaçırmak
çekici görünmek olabilir.
Now, that's interesting.
İşte bu ilginç.
the electrical potential from my body,
potansiyelini kaydetmem gibi,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
elektrik potansiyelini kaydedeceğiz.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
gövde etrafına sarılmış bir kablom var
engineering joke. Alright.
şakası... Pekala.
and tap the leaf here,
yaprağa hafifçe vuracağım
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
Biraz azaltmam lazım.
that is happening inside the plant.
gelen aksiyon potansiyeli.
to the end of the stem,
bir voltaj gönderdi
we would move our muscles,
kaslarımızı oynatabiliyoruz
it opens up, releases the water,
açılır ve suyu salar,
and the leaf falls.
ve yaprak düşer.
encoding information to move. Alright?
aksiyon potansiyeli görüyoruz. Tamam mı?
the Venus flytrap here,
sinekkapanına gideceğiz
at what happens inside the leaf
yaprağın içerisinde
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
tetikleyici tüylerdir.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
daha fazla bilgiye ihtiyacımız var.
uzun sürüyor --
a long time to open the traps back up --
if there's no fly inside of it.
24 ila 28 saat arası.
that many flies throughout the year.
sinek yemesi gerekmiyor.
most of its energy from the sun.
Enerjisinin çoğunu Güneş'ten alıyor.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
böceklerle değiştirmeye çalışıyor.
a handful of times
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
tam olarak emin olmak ister.
dokunuşlar arasındaki
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
that it's going to be clicked together,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
o zaman sinekkapan kapanacaktır.
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
konuşuyorum.
for more than 20 seconds.
ne olduğunu görebileceğiz.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
İkinci bir aksiyon potansiyeli,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
bir hesaplama yaptığını görüyoruz.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
olmadığını belirliyor
what the Tigers' score is.
bilmek istemiyor.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
to communicate using electricity.
iletişim kurma kabiliyeti.
different ions than we do,
iyonlar kullanıyor
of these action potentials,
doğasını size gösterdim.
potential in the mimosa.
aksiyon potansiyeli bile gördük.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
bitki türleri arasında
plant-to-plant communicator,
bitki iletişimcimiz
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
yepyeni bir deney yaptık
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
formunda bilgi gönderen
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
tüylere dokunarak
of the Venus flytrap.
harekete geçireceğim.
about touch from one plant to another.
dokunma bilgisi göndereceğiz.
something about plants today,
bir şeyler öğrenmişsinizdir,
kullanılabildiğini ve beraberinde
to help teach neuroscience
öğrenmişsinizdir.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com