Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Experimentos eléctricos con plantas que cuentan y se comunican
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
generación de neurocientíficos
neuroscience research equipment
de posgrado en neurociencia
in middle schools and high schools.
de los jóvenes de secundaria.
about the brain, which is very complex,
en el cerebro, que es muy complejo,
question about neuroscience,
muy simple sobre neurociencia,
that their cat or dog has a brain,
que su perro o su gato tienen cerebro,
or even a small insect has a brain,
un insecto pequeño tiene cerebro,
that a plant or a tree
que una planta, o un árbol
help describe a little bit
a describir un poco
living things have brains versus not?"
tiene cerebro o no?"
with the classification
suelen tener cerebro.
evolucionó por ser eléctrico.
because it is electrical.
to stimuli in the world
responder rápido
y movernos si es necesario.
and push back on a student,
interrogando a un alumno,
you say that plants don't have brains,
que las plantas no tienen cerebro,
es un movimiento lento; no cuenta.
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
el Gobernador Real de Carolina del Norte,
que se cerraba abruptamente
it made its way over to Europe,
got to study this plant,
tuvo la oportunidad de estudiarla,
plant in the world.
más maravillosa del mundo.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
de esta planta.
es que esta planta puede contar.
is that the plant can count.
out of the way.
un poco de vocabulario.
in the classroom with students.
con los alumnos en el aula.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
en electrofisiología,
of the body's electrical signal,
las señales eléctricas del cuerpo,
or from muscles.
o de los músculos.
here on my wrists.
unos electrodos en las muñecas.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
se llama potenciales de acción,
what's called action potentials,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
como movimiento rápido de arriba a abajo.
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
de lo que vamos a ver aquí,
codifica información:
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
en Centroamérica y Sudamérica,
I'm going to show you
que voy a mostrarles
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
para asustar a los insectos,
a los herbívoros.
Now, that's interesting.
Eso sí que es interesante.
para averiguarlo.
the electrical potential from my body,
el potencial eléctrico de mi cuerpo,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
de esta planta; esta mimosa.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
alrededor del tallo,
engineering joke. Alright.
de ingeniería eléctrica.
and tap the leaf here,
un golpecito a la hoja,
at the electrical recording
en el registro eléctrico
I've got to scale it down.
que tengo que reducirlo un poco.
that is happening inside the plant.
que se da dentro de la planta.
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
moveríamos los músculos,
it opens up, releases the water,
se abre, libera el agua,
and the leaf falls.
y la hoja cae.
encoding information to move. Alright?
que codifica información de movimiento.
the Venus flytrap here,
la Venus atrapamoscas,
at what happens inside the leaf
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
son pelos disparadores.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
potencial de acción.
sobre su comportamiento.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
en reabrirse una vez que se cierra.
a long time to open the traps back up --
if there's no fly inside of it.
si no hay ninguna mosca dentro.
that many flies throughout the year.
tantas moscas por año.
most of its energy from the sun.
la obtiene casi toda del sol.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
algunos nutrientes del suelo.
a handful of times
y cerrarse unas pocas veces
to make really darn sure
estar absolutamente segura
before the flytrap snaps shut.
antes de cerrar la trampa.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
van a ser muy seguidos.
that it's going to be clicked together,
potencial de acción,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
en ese lapso, sí se cierra.
then the flytrap will close.
la Venus atrapamoscas.
the Venus flytrap again.
así que podemos ver qué pasa
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
segundo potencial de acción,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
realmente haciendo cálculos.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
si hay una mosca adentro,
a nuestra pregunta original.
what the Tigers' score is.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
muy parecido a nosotros,
to communicate using electricity.
comunicarse usando electricidad.
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
estos potenciales de acción:
en la Venus atrapamoscas,
potential in the mimosa.
de acción en un ser humano.
an action potential in a human.
toda la información.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
esos potenciales de acción
plant-to-plant communicator,
interespecie planta a planta,
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
de acción de una Venus atrapamoscas
into the sensitive mimosa.
a la mimosa sensitiva.
that are sending that information
que envían la información
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
de la Venus atrapamoscas
all the stems of the mimosa?
los tallos de la mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
el comportamiento de la mimosa
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
de la Venus atrapamoscas.
de una planta a la otra.
about touch from one plant to another.
something about plants today,
aprendido algo sobre plantas.
sirven para enseñar neurociencia
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com