Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
그렉 게이지(Greg Gage): 수를 세고 의사소통을 하는 식물의 전기 실험
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
공동창업자이기도 하며
the next generation of neuroscientists
신경과학자들을 양성하기 위해
neuroscience research equipment
in middle schools and high schools.
체험해보게끔 합니다.
about the brain, which is very complex,
생각해보게끔 하려고
question about neuroscience,
한 개를 던져봅니다.
that their cat or dog has a brain,
그들의 개나 고양이가 뇌를 지녔다고
or even a small insect has a brain,
작은 곤충까지 뇌를 지녔다고 답하지만
that a plant or a tree
뇌가 있다고
help describe a little bit
뇌가 어떻게 기능하는지를
living things have brains versus not?"
없는 것들간에 차이가 뭐지?"
with the classification
구분법을 제시합니다.
because it is electrical.
진화로 획득한 것입니다.
to stimuli in the world
외부세계의 자극에 빠르게 반응하고
and push back on a student,
또 다그쳐봅니다,
you say that plants don't have brains,
식물들에겐 뇌가 없잖아.
"But that's a slow movement.
"그치만 그건 느린 움직임인걸요.
That could be a chemical process."
화학적인 걸 수도 있잖아요."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
아서 돕스 주지사는
벌레가 날아올 때마다
명명했으며
it made its way over to Europe,
유럽으로 넘어갔으며
got to study this plant,
그 식물에 대해 연구하게 되었고
놀라게 했습니다.
plant in the world.
경이로운 식물이라 불렀습니다.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
있다는 것입니다.
is that the plant can count.
수를 셀 수 있다는 것입니다.
out of the way.
파헤쳐보아야 합니다.
in the classroom with students.
교실에서 학생들과 하는 겁니다.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
실험을 하나 할 건데요.
of the body's electrical signal,
기록해보겠단 말입니다.
or from muscles.
오는 것들을 말이죠.
here on my wrists.
부착해두었습니다.
or the electrocardiogram.
라고 불리는 건데요.
from neurons in my heart
신경세포로부터 나온 것인데
what's called action potentials,
보내고 있구요.
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
빠르게 오르고 내림을 뜻하며
the signal that you see here.
잡히게 되는 것입니다.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
잘 기억해두시기 바랍니다.
encodes information
바로 뇌가 정보를
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
발견되는 식물인데요.
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
보시게 될 겁니다.
보시게 됩니다.
주지는 못합니다만
could be that it scares away insects
곤충들을 내쫓기 위한다거나
그런다고 알려져있습니다.
Now, that's interesting.
바로 그 점이 흥미로운데요.
the electrical potential from my body,
기록해보았듯이
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
활동전위를 기록해볼 겁니다.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
전선을 둘러감아 두었구요,
도 있습니다. 어디에요?
engineering joke. Alright.
전기 공학 농담입니다.
and tap the leaf here,
톡톡 두드려 볼 건데요.
at the electrical recording
주목해주세요.
보게 될테니까요.
I've got to scale it down.
줌아웃 좀 해야겠어요.
that is happening inside the plant.
활동전위 입니다.
했잖아요. 그렇죠?
to the end of the stem,
흘러내려 보내졌기에
we would move our muscles,
근육을 통해 움직이는데
있는 물인데요.
it opens up, releases the water,
물을 밖으로 내보내게 됩니다.
and the leaf falls.
잎이 내려간거죠.
encoding information to move. Alright?
지닌 활동전위를 봤습니다. 그렇죠?
the Venus flytrap here,
at what happens inside the leaf
잎 속에서 어떤 일이 일어나는지
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
이 털들이 방아쇠 역할을 합니다.
one of the hairs right now.
건드려보겠습니다.
a beautiful action potential.
활동전위 하나가 생겼네요.
열려있는 상태입니다.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
조금 더 알아야할 필요가 있습니다.
a long time to open the traps back up --
다시 열리기까지 시간이 깁니다.
if there's no fly inside of it.
만일 파리가 거기 없었다면요?
that many flies throughout the year.
파리를 먹을 필요가 없다는 점입니다.
most of its energy from the sun.
한웅큼이면 됩니다.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
파리로 대체하려는 것 뿐입니다.
a handful of times
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
확실하게 해두고 싶어합니다.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
파리가 있다면
that it's going to be clicked together,
가능성이 매우 높으니까
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
다시 활동전위가 안 생기면
then the flytrap will close.
생기면 잎이 닫히는 것이죠.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
생기는지 봅시다.
We get a second action potential,
두번째 활동전위가 나왔네요.
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
실제로 판단을 한다는 거죠.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
판단해서 그에 따라
what the Tigers' score is.
안 궁금해 하고
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
비슷한 점이 있는데
to communicate using electricity.
소통능력입니다.
different ions than we do,
이온으로 소통할 뿐
of these action potentials,
점을 여러분들께 보여드리기 위해
potential in the mimosa.
잠재력을 보았습니다.
an action potential in a human.
목격한 바 있습니다.
공용 화폐와 같습니다.
information is passed.
형태로 전달됩니다.
is we can use those action potentials
plant-to-plant communicator,
식물 종간 소통기계 인데요.
is we've created a brand new experiment
실험을 가능하게 만들었고.
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
활동전위를 기록하여
into the sensitive mimosa.
전해넣어 볼 것입니다.
that are sending that information
그것들이 받아들인 정보를
of an action potential.
흘러내려 보냅니다.
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
다른 식물로 보내보겠습니다.
something about plants today,
알게 되셨다면 좋겠습니다.
to help teach neuroscience
쓸 수도 있음과 신경혁명의 도래에도
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com