Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Грег Гејџ (Greg Gage): Електрични експерименти са биљкама које броје и комуницирају
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
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the next generation of neuroscientists
следећу генерацију неуронаучника
neuroscience research equipment
за научно истраживање са факултета
in middle schools and high schools.
у вишим разредима основне и средње школе.
about the brain, which is very complex,
о мозгу, који је веома сложен,
question about neuroscience,
питање о неуронауци,
that their cat or dog has a brain,
да њихова мачка или пас имају мозак,
or even a small insect has a brain,
или чак мали инсект имају мозак,
that a plant or a tree
да биљка, дрво или грм имају мозак.
help describe a little bit
помало у описивању
living things have brains versus not?"
а зашто остали немају?“,
with the classification
обично имају мозак.
because it is electrical.
зато што је електричан.
to stimuli in the world
на надражаје у свету
навалите на ученика
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
кажеш да биљке немају мозак,
"But that's a slow movement.
„Али, то су спори покрети.
То би могао бити хемијски процес.“
That could be a chemical process."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
краљевски гувернер Северне Каролине,
упала између листова.
it made its way over to Europe,
got to study this plant,
велики Чарлс Дарвин,
plant in the world.
биљком на свету.
чудо еволуције.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
везана за ову биљку.
about this plant.
is that the plant can count.
да ова биљка може да броји.
out of the way.
у учионици са ученицима.
in the classroom with students.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
везан за електофизиологију,
of the body's electrical signal,
електричног телесног сигнала
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
што се зове акциони потенцијал,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
да се брзо помера горе-доле,
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
онога што ћемо овде видети
шифрује информације
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
у Централној и Јужној Америци
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
може бити да плаши инсекте
Now, that's interesting.
експеримент да сазнамо.
the electrical potential from my body,
електрични потенцијал свог тела,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
ове биљке, ове мимозе.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
engineering joke. Alright.
инжењера електротехнике. Добро.
and tap the leaf here,
који ћемо видети унутар биљке.
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
that is happening inside the plant.
који се јавља унутар биљке.
рецепторе за додир,
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
it opens up, releases the water,
она се отвори, испусти воду,
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
који шифрује информацију да се покрене.
the Venus flytrap here,
венерине мухоловке,
at what happens inside the leaf
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
а ово су длачице које покрећу процес.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
Добијамо дивни акциони потенцијал.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
о понашању мухоловки.
да се мухоловка опет отвори,
a long time to open the traps back up --
if there's no fly inside of it.
ако нема муве унутра.
that many flies throughout the year.
да поједе пуно мува у току године.
most of its energy from the sun.
добија од сунца.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
неке хранљиве материје из земље.
a handful of times
клопку неколико пута
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
пре него што се брзо затвори.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
велика вероватноћа да,
that it's going to be clicked together,
action potential,
и не добије опет надражај,
and it doesn't fire again,
онда ће се мухоловка затворити.
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
када додирнем длачицу други пут.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
да сам мува која се креће около,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
како заправо рачуна.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
what the Tigers' score is.
који је резултат за „Тигрове“.
self-actualization problems.
је нешто веома слично нама,
is something that's very similar to us,
кроз електричну енергију.
to communicate using electricity.
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
ових акционих потенцијала,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
и акциони потекцијал код људи.
све информације.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
акционе потенцијале
plant-to-plant communicator,
за комуникацију између биљака,
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
акциони потенцијал венерине мухоловке
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
који шаљу ту информацију натраг
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
венерине мухоловке
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
да изазовемо понашање мимозе
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
венерине мухоловке.
about touch from one plant to another.
са једне биљке на другу.
something about plants today,
о биљкама данас,
у предавањима о неуронауци
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com