TED2017
Prumsodun Ok: The magic of Khmer classical dance
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For more than 1,000 years, Khmer dancers in Cambodia have been seen as living bridges between heaven and earth. In this graceful dance-talk hybrid, artist Prumsodun Ok -- founder of Cambodia's first all-male and gay-identified dance company -- details the rich history of Khmer classical dance and its current revival, playing the ancient and ageless role of artist as messenger.
Prumsodun Ok - Interdisciplinary artist
TED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance. Full bio
TED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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"Robam kbach boran,"
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or the art of Khmer classical dance,
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is more than 1,000 years old.
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It was developed as a prayer in movement
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for rain and fertility,
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and a prosperity that this meant
for an agricultural society.
for an agricultural society.
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Dancers who were both men and women
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were offered to temples
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where they served as living bridges
between heaven and earth.
between heaven and earth.
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Their dancing bodies carried the prayers
of the people up to the gods,
of the people up to the gods,
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and the will of the deities
was delivered back through them
was delivered back through them
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to the people and the land.
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There are a lot of curves in Khmer dance.
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Our backs are arched,
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our knees are bent,
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our toes are curled,
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our elbows are hyperflexed
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and our fingers are curved backwards.
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All of these curves
create a serpentine impression,
create a serpentine impression,
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and this is important because before
the introduction of major religions,
the introduction of major religions,
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Khmers, and people all over the world
practiced animism.
practiced animism.
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Serpents were especially important
in this belief system
in this belief system
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because in their fluid,
curvilinear movement,
curvilinear movement,
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they mimicked the flow of water.
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So to invoke the serpent
in your dancing body then
in your dancing body then
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was to conjure the image
of rivers cutting across the earth:
of rivers cutting across the earth:
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inspire the flow of life-giving waters.
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As you can see then,
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Khmer classical dance
is a transformation of nature,
is a transformation of nature,
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of both the physical world around us
and of our own internal universe.
and of our own internal universe.
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We have four primary
hand gestures that we use.
hand gestures that we use.
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Can we do them together?
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Yeah? OK.
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This is a tree.
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That tree will grow,
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and then it will have leaves.
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After it has leaves,
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it'll have flowers,
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and after it has flowers,
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it'll have fruit.
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That fruit will drop
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and a new tree will grow.
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And in those four gestures
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is the cycle of life.
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These four gestures are then used
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to create a whole entire language
with which dancers express themselves.
with which dancers express themselves.
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So for example,
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I can say,
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"I."
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"I."
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In dance that would be ...
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"I."
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Or I can say ...
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"Hey you, come here, come here."
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In dance ...
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"Come here,"
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or, "Go, go."
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(Laughter)
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"Go."
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And everything from ...
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love ...
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to sadness,
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to --
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(Stomping)
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anger
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can be expressed
through the dance as well.
through the dance as well.
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There's a certain magic
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in the way that things are filtered,
transformed and put together
transformed and put together
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to create limitless possibilities in art.
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The Khmer word for art,
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silapak,
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in fact, at its root, means "magic."
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The artist --
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the silapakar,
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or the silapakarani, then,
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is nothing short of a magician.
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I am very proud to say
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that I belong to a long line of magicians,
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from my teacher, Sophiline Cheam Shapiro,
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to her teachers who were stars
in the royal palace,
in the royal palace,
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to the ancient dancers of Angkor
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and to the primal villagers
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from which the art form
originally took life.
originally took life.
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That said,
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our cherished heritage was once
almost completely destroyed.
almost completely destroyed.
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If you are wearing glasses,
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please stand up.
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If you speak more than one language,
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please stand up.
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If you have light skin,
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please stand up.
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Your glasses meant
that you could afford health care.
that you could afford health care.
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That second or third language you spoke
indicated your elite education.
indicated your elite education.
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Your light skin meant
you didn't have to work beneath the sun.
you didn't have to work beneath the sun.
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Under the Khmer Rouge,
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who took over Cambodia from 1975 to 1979,
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we would all be dead now,
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targeted because of our assumed privilege.
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You see,
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the Khmer Rouge looked to Cambodia,
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and they saw centuries
of rigid inequality.
of rigid inequality.
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The king and the few elites around him
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had all the pleasures
and comforts of the world
and comforts of the world
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while the mass majority
suffered from backbreaking labor
suffered from backbreaking labor
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and harsh poverty.
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You don't need a history book
to see that this is true.
to see that this is true.
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The Khmer word for "I,"
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for "me,"
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is khnhom.
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This very same word can also mean "slave"
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and dancers were in fact known
as knhom preah robam,
as knhom preah robam,
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or "slaves of the sacred dance."
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The Khmer Rouge sought
to end slavery in Cambodia,
to end slavery in Cambodia,
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yet somehow they turned
everyone into slaves to do it.
everyone into slaves to do it.
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They became the oppression
that they sought to end.
that they sought to end.
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They evacuated the capital
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and forced people into labor camps.
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They tore families apart
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and brainwashed children
against their own parents.
against their own parents.
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Everywhere, people were dying
and being killed,
and being killed,
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losing their lives from disease,
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overwork,
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execution and starvation.
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The result of this is that an entire third
of Cambodia's population was lost
of Cambodia's population was lost
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in less than four years,
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and in that number were 90 percent
of Khmer dance artists.
of Khmer dance artists.
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In other words,
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nine out of 10 visions
for the tradition and future were lost.
for the tradition and future were lost.
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Thankfully, however,
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it was my teacher's teachers,
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Chea Samy, Soth Sam On and Chheng Phon,
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who would lead the revival of the art form
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from the ashes of war and genocide:
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one student,
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one gesture,
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one dance at a time.
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They wrote the love,
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magic,
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beauty,
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history and philosophy of our lineage
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into the bodies of the next generation.
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Nearly 40 years later,
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Khmer classical dance
has been revived to new heights.
has been revived to new heights.
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Yet somehow it still exists
in a vulnerable environment.
in a vulnerable environment.
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The disastrous effects of war
still haunt Khmer people today.
still haunt Khmer people today.
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It is written in our bodies,
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manifested in a genetic passage of PTSD
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and in families facing cyclical poverty
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and immense cultural rifts
and language barriers.
and language barriers.
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Yet beauty is a most resilient thing.
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Beauty has this ability
to grow anywhere and everywhere
to grow anywhere and everywhere
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at any time.
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Beauty is what connects people
through time and place.
through time and place.
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Beauty is a liberation from suffering.
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As Khmer artists work to revive
our culture and country,
our culture and country,
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we find that there are many paths
in which to move forward into the future.
in which to move forward into the future.
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And in a tradition where we often
don't know the dancer's names,
don't know the dancer's names,
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who they were,
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what their lives were like,
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what they felt,
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let me propose that we move forward
honestly and openly from "khnhom."
honestly and openly from "khnhom."
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Khnhom not as in slave,
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but as in conscious service.
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Khnhom:
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"I,"
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"me,"
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"flowering."
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My name is Prumsodun Ok.
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I am Khmer,
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and I am American.
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I am the child of refugees,
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a creator, a healer,
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and a builder of bridges.
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I am my teacher's first male student
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in a tradition understood
by many as female,
by many as female,
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and I founded Cambodia's first
gay dance company.
gay dance company.
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I am the incarnation
of the beauty, dreams and power
of the beauty, dreams and power
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of those who came before me.
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The convergence
of past, present and future,
of past, present and future,
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and of individual and collective.
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Let me then play
that ancient and ageless role
that ancient and ageless role
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of the artist as messenger,
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by sharing the words of Chheng Phon
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"A garden with only one type of flower,
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or flowers of only one color,
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is no good."
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This is a reminder that our strength,
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growth,
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survival
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and very existence,
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lies in diversity.
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It is, however,
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a message of courage as well.
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For a flower does not ask
for anyone's permission to bloom.
for anyone's permission to bloom.
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It was born to offer itself to the world.
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Fearless love is its nature.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Prumsodun Ok - Interdisciplinary artistTED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance.
Why you should listen
Prumsodun Ok groundbreaking performances have been described as "radical beauty" by the Bangkok Post and have been staged throughout Cambodia, Thailand, Mexico, Greece and the United States. Ok's 2013 book Moni Mekhala and Ream Eyso was reviewed in the Asian Theatre Journal as “a sampeah kru ritual of a sort: an offering to teachers living and deceased and to Moni Mekhala [the Goddess of the Ocean] herself.”
Ok has brought a diverse group of artists, activists and scholars together for Children of Refugees, a program of talks and performances raising awareness for the Syrian refugee crisis. Among many honors, Ok is a TED Senior Fellow and was named by Tea Uglow, creative director of Google Creative Lab in Sydney, an LGBT+ Creative Leader of Tomorrow for The Dots's and WeTransfer's Championing Diversity Initiative. Ok is based in Phnom Penh where he founded Prumsodun Ok & NATYARASA, Cambodia’s first gay dance company.
Prumsodun Ok | Speaker | TED.com